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GBCM- TOPICS TO BE DISCUSSED ON
1. Smart City (For a better tomorrow)/ (Smart City, Smart Lives)
A smart sustainable city is an innovative city that uses information and communication technolo
gies (ICTs) and other means to improve quality of life, efficiency of urban operationand services,
and competitiveness, while ensuring that it meets the needs of present and future generations wit
h respect to economic, social and environmental aspects (Roger Lea, 2017). It has a concept about
developing and investing in a mix of commercial, leisure and residential uses that, as a whole,
achieves physical and functional integration and creates a pedestrian-oriented urban environment,
a combination of office, light industrial, education, medical and tourism clusters, high technology
and innovation cluster, infrastructure to service green-field sites with roads and inspiring
landscaping, clean technology aimed at carbon and waste reduction, efficient transport, low-
energy-consumption buildings, digital solutions, urban sensing technologies and big data
analytics, energy production and water management and utilities, high-end residential estate and
real estate investment management providing investors, nationals and foreigners, with options for
living in sustainable, convenient and enjoyable urban surroundings.
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2. Placemaking (Making a public space a living space)
Placemaking is the process through which we work together to shape our public spaces. Its
concept is about community-based participation, which involves the planning, design,
management and programming of shared use spaces. More than just designing spaces,
placemaking brings together diverse people (including professionals, elected officials,
residents, and businesses) to improve a community’s cultural, economic, social and
ecological situation (Rethinkurban, 2018). It is not just the act of building or fixing up a
space; it is a process that fosters the creation of vital public destinations – the kind of places
where people feel a strong stake in their communities and commitment to making things
better.
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3. Net Zero Building (NZEB)
Net zero building, is a building with zero net energy consumption, meaning the total
amount of energy used by the building on an annual basis is roughly equal to the amount
of renewable energy created on the site. These buildings consequently contribute less
overall greenhouse gas to the atmosphere than similar non-ZNE buildings. A similar
concept approved and implemented by the European Union and other agreeing countries
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is nearly Zero Energy Building (nZEB), with the goal of having all buildings in the region
under nZEB standards by 2020. The net zero concept is applicable to a wide range of
resources due to the many options for producing and conserving resources in buildings
(e.g. energy, water, waste) (John Farrell, 2018).
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Renewable Energy (The future is green energy, sustainability & renewable energy)
Renewable energy is energy that is collected from renewable resources, which are naturally
replenished on a human timescale, such as sunlight, wind, rain, tides, waves, and geothermal heat.
Renewable energy often provides energy in four important areas: electricity
generation, air and water heating/cooling, transportation, and rural (off-grid) energy services.
These fuels into usable forms of energy—most often electricity, but also heat, chemicals, or
mechanical power. Renewable Energy sources are not depleted, and it is distributed over a wide
geographical area, these resources are quickly renewed through natural process. It won’t create
any environmental pollution problems. The main advantage of using renewable resource is it is
available throughout the year. By one time investment we can drew energy for many decades
without affecting the environment. . The most prevalent forms of renewable energy are solar,
wind, biomass, hydro power, geothermal and biofuels (Renewables Guide, 2018).
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4. Internet of things
The Internet of things (IoT) is the network of physical devices, vehicles, home appliances
andotheritems embedded with electronics, software, sensors, actuators,and connectivity which
enables these objects to connect and exchange data. IoT is enhancing green buildings in several
ways: Enabling edge analytics, creating adaptive building systems, predictive maintenance, easily
solving previously difficult integration issues between different building devices and management
systems, bring better security and privacy to building technologies. Green building principles have
been more focused on the design of buildings and systems; building automation and technologies
have evolved more to simplify operating the building (Sudhi Sinha, 2016).
5. Blockchain
A blockchain, originally block chain, is a continuously growing list of records,
called blocks, which are linked and secured using cryptography. Each block typically
contains a cryptographic hash of the previous block, a timestamp and transaction data. A
blockchain is a shared, encrypted ledger that is maintained by a network of computers. It
can be used as a tracking system that verifies a product’s source data as it moves across a
supply chain, sending automated alerts about unexpected deviations that could signal
potential tampering or environmental conditions that might pose health and safety
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issues. Through such a system an electronics business purchasing component parts from a
supplier could verify that the raw materials used were actually sourced from sustainable
mines (e.g. operating in accordance with the latest conflict mineral legislation such as
3TG). In addition, environmental data concerning everything from energy consumption to
waste generation could be allocated to the product’s ‘ledger’ each step of the way providing
transparent and accurate data on the true environmental impact of the product (WSP, 2017)
6. Tropical Architectural
Tropical architecture is a branch of the architecture, the study of the climate of the oriented
architecture the weather in a place where the mass of the building or group of buildings,
and the impact or impact on the environmental link or influence on the tropical
surroundings. It refers to reducing these impacts by designing and constructing buildings
that are appropriate for the climate, have minimal environmental impacts, and are healthy
and comfortable for building users (Cairns Regional Council, 2017).
7. Health and well-being in Green building
Whether living in a green home, working in a sustainably-renovated office or learning in
an eco-friendly school, people all over Canada are experiencing the benefits of
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environmental construction and design every day. People who live, learn and work in these
buildings and homes have been found to be more productive, higher performing and
healthier. Whether it is improved employee retention, fewer sick days or better math scores,
the end result is clear: green buildings are good for you (CaGBC, n.a).
8. Sustainable Urban Planning
Sustainable urban planning involves many disciplines, including architecture, engineering,
biology, environmental science, materials science, law, transportation, technology,
economic development, accounting and finance, and government, among others. This kind
of planning also develops innovative and practical approaches to land use and its impact
on natural resources. Sustainable building is the practice of increasing the efficiency with
which buildings and their sites use energy, water, and materials, and of reducing impacts
on human health and the environment for the entire life-cycle of a building (IEREK, 2018).
New sustainable solutions for urban planning problems can include green buildings and
housing, mixed-use developments, walkability, greenways and open spaces, alternative
energy sources such as solar and wind, and transportation options. Creating sustainable
communities- including the physical, economic, political, social and environmental
aspects- involves many challenges.
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9. Alternative Material: Bamboo
Concrete is a material that quite literally holds our cities together. Concrete is a material
that quite literally holds our cities together. From homes and apartment buildings to
bridges, viaducts, and sidewalks, this ubiquitous gray material’s importance to modern
urban life is undeniable. Bamboo is one of natural resources that can be applied for building
materials. In such bamboo growing countries, bamboo has main role as a building material
for more than hundreds years ago. Sometimes bamboo can be used to replace wood based
building material. Bamboo might seem trendy, but it has actually been a locally-
sourced building material in some regions of the world for millennia. What makes bamboo
such a promising building material for modern buildings is its combination of tensile
strength, light weight, and fast-growing renewable nature. Used for framing buildings and
shelters, bamboo can replace expensive and heavy imported materials and provide an
alternative to concrete and rebar construction, especially in difficult-to reach areas, post-
disaster rebuilding, and low-income areas with access to natural locally-sourced bamboo
(Construction Climate Challenge, 2016).
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10. Biomimicry and Biophilia
Biomimicry is the creation of great designs by imitating various living organisms that they
have evolved during the 3.8 billion years. Benyus J (2017) defined Biomimicry as "a new
discipline that studies nature’s best ideas and then imitates the designs and processes to
solve human problems. Biomimicry is being used to inspire energy efficient passive
cooling systems in buildings. A biomimicry-based material, this time stemming
from the wood building material realm, is Columbia Forest Product’s Pure Bond
technology. This formaldehyde-free, soy-based plywood assembly adhesive
was originally inspired by the way mussels grip onto rocks (Martin Smith, 2016).
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Biophilia is the process of integrating nature, visually and literally into architecture and
urban planning. Biophilia literally translates to love of life and the living world; the affinity
of human beings for other life forms. E.O. Wilson coined the term in 1984, but it’s a
concept that we all inherently understand. Biophilia explains why we feel more relaxed in
nature, why all of our senses are fully engaged when we step outside (Amanda Sturgeon,
2018).
11. Cost Benefits Analysis
Cost-benefit analysis (CBA) is the examination of a decision in terms of its consequences
or costs and benefits (Stephanie Riegg Cellini, James Edwin Kee, 2010). In green
building studies, the relationships between green strategies and building performances are
examined to verify the existence and strength of the link among certain variables, such as
natural ventilation strategies and thermal comfort performances. Cost-benefit studies,
though, aim to identify relationships among green costs as a consequence of green
strategies and benefits as a consequence of green performances. In other words, the extra
costs of green buildings are evaluated against the extra financial benefits (Khoshbakht,
2016).
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12. Green Finance
Green finance is defined as financing of investments that provide environmental benefits.
Green Finance for Developing Countries summarizes this work to date, and spells out
developing countries’ concerns, needs and innovations as momentum grows to catalyse
green finance through financial system development. It maps out broad support for
advancing green finance as a key aspect of sustainable development. Importantly, it
highlights the leadership taken in diverse developing country contexts in advancing
financial policies, regulations and fiscal measures that encourage financial market actors
to take greater account of national priorities and sustainable development.
13. Green Building Rating Tools
Green building rating tools also known as certification are used to assess and recognize
buildings which meet certain green requirements or standards. Rating tools are often
voluntary, recognize and reward companies and organisations who build and operate
greener buildings, thereby encouraging and incentivizing them to push the boundaries on
sustainability. They kick-start the market by setting standards that then in turn elevate the
ambition of government building codes and regulation, workforce training, and corporate
strategies. Rating tools vary in their approach and can be applied to the planning and
design, construction, operation and maintenance, renovation, and eventual demolition
phases of a green building. Rating tools can also differ in the type of buildings they are
applied to, with specific tools or subsets of tools used for different building types such as
homes, commercial buildings (WorldGBC, 2016).
14. Green Metro- Rapid Mass Transit (MRTS)
Green MRTS rating system is a voluntary and consensus based programme. The rating
system has been developed to enable new Rail based MRTS to apply green concepts during
design & construction, so as to further reduce environmental impacts that are measurable.
The overarching objective is to ensure environmental sustainability, while enhancing
commuter experience. An example of MRTS is in India (IGBC, 2017).