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Prof. Dr.-Ing. Ralf Bill GI Basics

GIS Applications and Products 1

Rostock University, Chair for Geodesy and Geoinformatics X 2007

GIS Applications and Products

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Ralf Bill and Dr. Edward NashRostock University

Applications

Examples

Products

ArcGIS

Rostock University, Chair for Geodesy and Geoinformatics GI_Products - 2 -

One system – many different users

GIS

Land UsePlanning

EnvironmentalMonitoring

UtilitiesManagement

TouristInformation

…

…

……

…

…

… …

Applications

„The application of GIS is only limited bythe imagination of those who use it.“

Jack Dangermond, ESRI www.esri.com/company/gis_touches/everyday.html

(20.04.2004)




GIS – application facets

Specialistinformation system (SIS):- Telematics- Traffic guidance- Corporate IS- Military IS

Regional/Planning IS (RIS):- Geographical applications- Planning IS- Statistical IS- Demography

Network informationsystems (NIS):- Utility IS (Gas, power, water etc.)- Facility management

Environmental informationsystems (EIS):- Environmental monitoring- Habitat/species analysis- Forestry and agriculture

LISSISNIS

EISRIS

10%

40 %

20 %

15%15%

Land informationsystems (LIS):- Surveying and cartography- Cadaster- Topographic IS- Spatial reference frame

Applications


Land Information Systems (LIS)

121

125

12

1252

1253

17

15

Input, Management, (Analysis) and Presentation (IM(A)P)- Stringent permanent data management- Legally regulated data modelling- Limited interactivity (simple static queries)- Limited descriptive data (appropriate attributes)- Origin: surveying- Applications: surveying, real estate management, government

Automated Land Register (“map”) Automated Land Register (“book”)

Systematic capture and visualisation of all data that is related to a single piece of land. It shows all characteristic data of a region to enhance planning and development (FIG,1978)

Applications




Network Information Systems (NIS)

Instruments to capture, manage, analyse and present working materials related to a network topology in an uniform reference system.

Input, Management, Analysis and Presentation (IMAP)

110-002

30-1170

110-003 Report type

District: 3 August 1998: 3494 A: Justus-von-Liebig-street 6

Cable-id

Cable:110-002110-00330-1170

Volt (KV)

11011030

Length(m)

99.90110.0034.60

Type

3 * 3003 * 3001 * 105

Material

ALALCU

: Cable overview

Street

HEVAG Rostock

Date

- Free data modelling- Stringent permanent data management- High graphical interactivity- Many descriptive and attribute data- Usually based on an IGS- Origin: AM/FM-Sector- Applications: utility companies, transport

Utility maps/Facility management Customer data

Applications


Regional/Planning Information Systems (RIS)

Instruments for decision support in spatial observations and tool for planning and development. Contains huge amount of data collected about population, economy and urban development, infrastructure, land use and resources for regionaldevelopments. Methods: Capture, update, visualisation on basis of a common reference system.

Input, Management, Analysis, Presentation (IMAP)- Free data modelling and management of permanent data- High amount of descriptive data- Analysis is main component- Vector data, in future possibly hybrid systems- Thematic cartography should be aimed at- High interactivity (flexible queries)- Origin: regional planning, statistics etc.

SICAD

ALK-GIAP

TIGRISTIGRIS

20

SICAD

SICAD SICAD

SICAD

SICAD

SICAD

SICADALK-GIAP

ALK-GIAP

40

40

45

10

15

Applications




Environmental Information Systems (EIS)

Advanced GIS for capture, storage, processing and presentation of hazards and pollutions in space, time and context. These data are the basis for describing the status of the environment to decide on protective measures (Jaeschke & Pillmann, 1990).

- Free data modelling - Management of permanent data- High interactivity- GIS is only one module- Simulation of environmental processes- 2 - 3D, additional dimension: time- high amount of attribute data- rather smaller scale, raster data dominating - Origin: spatial planning, environmental planning

Techno-sphere

AIR SOIL

WATER

manyothers

Input, Management, Analysis, Presentation (IMAP)

Applications


Specialist Information Systems (SIS)

Special class of Geo-Information Systems. Special applications that are not covered by other classes. Examples:

• Management of real estate

• Vehicle navigation

• Telecommunication

• Hotel- and tourism-information systems

• Geo-marketing

• Military

• others

Applications




Typical scale factors for GIS applications

Scale

1000000

100000

10000

SpatialInformationSystems

GIS

LISRIS

UIS

1000

NISBIS

Applications


GIS applications in local government administration

GIS-applications

Economic development

Urban planningStreets/traffic

Environmental protection

Urban renewal

School development

Real estate

Zoning plansEmergency service

Citizen information/-services

Tourism

Cadaster/topographic maps

Energy/climate

Nature/landscape

Housing and living

Waste management

Soil protection/contaminations

Air cleaningHealth care

Statistics and elections

and many others

… wherever spatial data occur and spatial analysis is needed

Exam

ples




Planning: Zoning/housing

Housing planZoning plan

Exam

ples


Planning: Landscape planning (Aalen)

Exam

ples




Planning: Economic development (Main-Kinzig-Kreis)

• “Online site information system” (www.wfmkk.de)

Internet basedinformationon free industryand trade areasas well as economic sites in the region

Exam

ples


Planning: Water supply/waste water network (Aalen)

Exam

ples




Environment: Water (Wuppertal) E

xamples


Environment: Open space planning (Offenbach)Indicator overview related to nature protection and landscape maintenance

Reclassification in the core area

Result afteraggregation

very important free spaceimportant free space

Exam

ples




Environment: Urban climate (Frankfurt)E

xamples


Environment: Cemetery register (Mosbach)

Exam

ples




Traffic: General traffic plan (Frankfurt)E

xamples


Traffic: Noise emissions (Frankfurt)

Exam

ples




Traffic: Parking places (Würzburg) via SMS

leere SMS an

0174 3008474

Exam

ples


Public services: School administration (Würzburg)

Exam

ples




Public services: Statistics/elections/parcel values (Würzburg)E

xamples


Public services: Tourism (Aalen/Frankfurt)

Exam

ples




Integration: Spatial data warehouse (Aalen)E

xamples


1000s of GIS products

Adalin

AGIS

GFis

ALK-GIAPARC/INFO

Atlas*GIS

AutoGIS

CADdy

CARIS

Carto-2D

cart/o/INFO

CD-Atla

s

CISIG

CRISP

DIRIS/Win

EASI/PACE

ERDAS ImagineEZS-i

FUNK

GDS/AMS

Genamap

Geo Package

GEO

/SQL

GIMMS

GINIS GIROS

GIS/Plus

GRASS

GRIPS

GTI-RDB

Hunter GIS

IDIMS

IDRISIEPPL 7

Gradas-Ges

INFOCAM

INFORMAP

LZ-GIS

MapBox

MapProfessional

MGE

MicroStation Geographix

MIPS

PAFEC-GIS

PANGAEA

PanTerra Phocus

PROCART

Resource

Roots

Saladin

SICAD-HYGRIS

SmallworldGIS

System 9

terra.logic

Themak2

TURBOMAP

UFIS

VALIS

VESPA

span

s

Markt & VertriebsmonitorWinGIS

SICAD-Open

Map-Info

Map&Guide

Tigris

LIS

PCMap

RDB

Arc View

Areal Gis

ER Mapper

DAVID-Auskunft

MA Publisher

Sis NET

Map & Market

Arna GeoAutark

Autodesk Map Guide

AutoCAD Map

Autodesk WorldCADdy

Cad Map

CKRDY

DATAFLOR

Easy MapRegio Graph

Raste 66

Tellus Vision

TRIAS

Win CAT

Zoom!

Distriet Manager

FRAMME

GAUSZ

GeoGis

Geo MediaGIS Mobil

Gras Fw

GRIPS

HomageInka

KAT-GIS

KAT-IS 7

LIDS

Li SCAD

MGSMMic Open

Nebis

Poly Gis

RAN

Rosy

Strada AtlasTopoL

Visor

Win Map

Productoverview




GIS product development in the 90s

UniversalGIS

DesktopGIS

InternetGIS

specialists normal user

normal user,everyone

costs/ practice expense data availability

Productoverview


GIS product types in cooperation

High-End GISUniversal GIS Desktop GIS Internet GIS

Web GISLow cost GIS

PC GIS Query GIS

GIS-Server/Map-Server/DB-Server

Specialised GIS-Applications

SupplyData

Server

Client

Data Query

Productoverview




GIS products today: Hardware

• GIS runs on high-performance hardware at relatively low cost• GIS follows the client-server architecture• GIS available on mobile computers• GIS integrates new peripheral equipment

• particularly for data capture (GPS, digital photogrammetry, mobile pen computers)

=> In fact, Hardware is not a topic anymore!

Productoverview


• GIS runs on all types of operating systems • essentially WindowsXP, NT, .., Linux, Unix

• GIS offers user-friendly interfaces• Windows, icons, menus and pointers (WIMP)

• GIS supports Windows-standards such as OLE/COM, DDE etc.• GIS based on standard programming languages C, C++, Java • GIS supports database language SQL• Trend to open systems and standardisation

• Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC)• International Organisation for Standardisation (ISO)

• => data interoperability

=> Basic software is actually not a topic anymore!

GIS products today: Basic software

Productoverview




• GIS is an hybrid system supporting vector- and raster data• GIS runs on data bases for geometry and feature data• GIS offers relational, object-oriented and object-relational

data models• Geoinformation availability is permanently increasing• Geoinformation available via the internet

=> The time of added value due to data is about to start!

GIS products today: DataP

roductoverview


GIS products today: Open-Source alternatives

• Many Free/Open-Source (FOSS) GIS products are at least as advanced as commercial products

• Particularly in the domain of map/geodata-servers, spatial databases and Internet-GIS• Databases: Postgres/PostGIS, MySQL• Servers: UMN MapServer, GeoServer, deegree• Clients: mapbender, uDIG, Community Mapbuilder

• Also many FOSS toolkits for developing specialist spatial analysis applications• GeoAPI, GeoTools, deegree, Java Topology Suite (JTS)

• Basic GIS analysis can also be accomplished using FOSS tools• GRASS as an example of mainly raster-based GIS

• For desktop-GIS and large-scale analysis, there is not (yet) a real alternative to commercial products

Productoverview




ESRI ArcGIS® - platform for our course

• Input:• Digitising, data import, GPS-support, CAD-exchange• Embedding of data from the internet (WMS, WFS)

• Management:• Geodatabase with integrated management of geometry

(raster and vector) and attributes or file-based (.shp ..)• Storage in Personal-GeoDB (Single user) or linking via

SDE to a multi user Geodata base (e.g. Oracle, DB2)

• Analysis:• selective queries, different sets of analysis functions

offered

• Presentation:• maps, tables, charts, 3D-views (3D-Analyst, ArcGlobe,

ArcScene)

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ArcGIS – a scalable framework

• ArcGIS based on a modular component-based library of commonly used GIS software components calledArcObjects™

• ArcGIS Desktop clients – Suite of GIS applications• ArcGIS Engine – Development component• Server GIS – ArcSDE, ArcIMS or ArcGIS Server• Mobile GIS – ArcPad or ArcGIS Desktop (Tablet PC)

Source: ESRI, http://www.esri-germany.de

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ArcGIS – a scalable framework

• Single user - desktop • Enterprise/Organisation

Source: ESRI Germany, http://www.esri-germany.de

Files

Files

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ArcGIS 9 – a GIS product family

Concentration on ArcGIS desktop client

Source: ESRI Germany, http://www.esri-germany.de

Files

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ArcGIS Desktop

• covers different integrated applications:• ArcCatalog (Geodata browser, Metadata editor)• ArcToolbox (Data conversion, analysis and other functions)• ArcMap (Data visualisation, map layout)

• ArcGlobe (Extension)• ArcScene (Extension)• ModelBuilder (Geoprocessing)

• available in three functional product levels• ArcView (ArcGIS ArcView for analysis)

• Data capture (Shape files, Personal Geodatabases), analysis, visualisation, mapping, output and reporting

• ArcEditor (ArcGIS ArcEditor for extended editing)• Data modeling, topology, multi-user feasability, full functionality for geodata

bases• ArcInfo (ArcGIS ArcInfo for Geoprocessing)

• Further analytical functionality, geoprocessing, polygon processing, complete GIS (Input, Update, Query, Analyse, Mapping), for larger GIS infrastructures / GIS professionals

Function

ality

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ArcGIS ArcView

Source: ESRI

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ArcGIS ArcEditor

Source: ESRI

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ArcGIS ArcInfo

ArcView + ArcEditor +

ArcMap

ArcCatalog

ArcToolbox

ArcGlobe

ModelBuilder

Source: ESRI

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ArcCatalog – user interface

Data set

ToolboxCatalogue/ Table of content

Data view

• Geodata explorer• Views (Geometry,

attributes and metadata)

• Format conversions• Creation of ESRI shape

files, geodatabases• Metadata management• Setting up/changing

projections and reference systems

• Additional toolboxeswith various functions(ArcToolbox)

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ArcMap – user interface

Map document

Data or layout view(here: layout)

Data frameLayer 1...Layer n

Table of content

Menu bars

Display priority

Status

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ArcMap – map document

• File-based representation of an interactive map• Shows thematic views (Layer) of spatial data, that are organised in

the table of content (legend)• Maintains the display of spatial information• Stores links to the data – data are not part of the map document,

they are stored at other places• Contains information belonging to the elements of a map (e.g. data

frame, charts, tables, layout, selections, annotation)

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ArcMap – map document

Map document(*.mxd)

Data frame

Non-spatialtables

Charts

Layout

Macros1:n

1:n 1:n

1:11:n

Settings

1:n

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Modelling in ArcView

City

Streets

Main road

Name Width Pavement

Main road 12.0 AsphaltBremer road 10.5 Asphalt

Parcels

Parcel 125/1

Nr Area Owner

125/1 982.2 Bill125/2 876.5 Bartelme

ExampleView

Themes

Features

Geometry

Attributes

Tables

View as spatial visualisation and organisationTables as database views or tabular organisation form E

SR

iArcG

IS


Literature

• Gorr, W.L., Kurland, K.S.. (2007): GIS Tutorial. Updated forArcGIS 9.2. Paperback: 374 pages, ESRI Press, USA; ISBN-978-1-58948-178-7, Price 69.95$

• Tomlinson, R. (2007): Thinkingabout GIS. Geographic Information System Planning for Managers. Paperback: 254 pages. ESRI Press. USA. ISBN: 978-1-58948-158-9 . Price $24.95

• Further material see: http://store.esri.com/esri/

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Literature – Internet resources

• ESRI Virtual Campus • http://www.campus.esri.com – Internet courses

• ESRI Library (White Paper, brochures, portal for productspecific publications)• http://www.esri.com/library, ESRI Support Center

• ESRI resources (Portal for technical resources, scripts, knowlegde data base, data models, updates, etc.)• http://support.esri.com/,

• Conceptional descriptions (White Papers)• ESRI (2004): What is ArcGIS®?• ESRI (2002): ArcGIS Spatial Analyst: Advanced GIS Spatial

Analysis Using Raster and Vector Data, Internet ESRI Library• ESRI (1996): ArcGIS 3D-Analyst: Three Dimensional

Visualization, Topographic Analysis and Surface Creation, Internet ESRI Library

• ESRI (2004): ArcGIS for Developer, Internet ESRI Library

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