gaze vs. mouse in games: the effects on user experience tersia //gowases, roman bednarik, markku...
TRANSCRIPT
Gaze vs. Mouse in Games: The Effects on User Experience
Tersia //Gowases, Roman Bednarik, Markku Tukiainen
Department of Computer Science and Statistics
University of Joensuu
Finland
Eye-movement tracking technique Rests on eye-mind hypothesis
Visual attention is linked to the location of the attended region
Eye-tracker reports a stream of saccades and fixations
Fixation duration is thought to be related to the depth of required processing.
Fixation count or sum of fixation durations on a certain element can be related to the importance of the element.
Numerous other ET measures exist
Eye-tracking
Eye tracking in games Eye-tracking as an input
First person shooters Noncommand input Educational games
Quake 2: (Left) When the player looks at the robot standing on the left-hand side of the screen (Right) the virtual world rotates so that the robot is positioned at the centre of the screen
[Smith and Graham, 2006].
The Little Prince Storyteller: The “Little Prince” gives a narration about the objects the user is looking at using synthesized speech [Starker and Bolt, 1990].
EyeChess: Gaze-based chess game that was developed to teach beginners how to play chess. Players play against the computer and try and checkmate the Black King in three
moves. [Spakov, 2005].
Immersion, fun, and user experience are recognized to be important
factors in any game genre, including educational gaming.
Study – 8 puzzle
Shuffled at the start Target solution
Gaze input in 8-puzzle -auto Interaction methods
Mouse Gaze-augmented Dwell-time
Gaze input in 8-puzzle -click Interaction methods
Mouse
Gaze input in 8-puzzle -click Interaction methods
Mouse Gaze-augmented
Gaze input in 8-puzzle -click Interaction methods
Mouse Gaze-augmented Dwell-time
Study 36 participants Between subject design
3 starting configurations Usability lab Tobii ET1750 eye tracker
Results
Question Dwell Time
Gaze Aug.
Mouse X2 (2) p
1 Did you like this interaction? 1.83 1.67 1.83 .33 .846
2 How easy was it to control the game using this interaction? 3.17 1.92 1.42 13.5 .001*
3 How natural was it to use this interaction?2.58 2.17 1.67 4.81 .090
4 How immersive did you find the game using this interaction? 1.83 1.75 2.50 7.44 .024*
Average rating2.35 1.88 1.86 8.11 .017*
Results – participants’ quotes Mouse - It feels quite natural since I’m used to
using the mouse Gaze-augmented - I wasn’t even aware that I
was thinking Dwell-time - difficult to think and use the eyes at
the same time, too much cognitive overload... I’m not used to the input method and had to concentrate too much
Conclusions Gaze-input methods received worse feedback
on easiness and naturalness than the computer mouse
Same feedback when considering user’s likes/dislikes
More immersed when using the gaze-based input methods than when using a conventional mouse.
