gateway to arabic book 1(a)

7/28/2019 GateWay to Arabic Book 1(a)

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GATEWAY TO ARABICBook One

Dr. lmran Hamza AlawiyeA foundation course in reading and writing Arabic


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- ~ - -

...-----

Names of the Pronunciation Arabicletters guide letters

Sheen sh :.u.uSa ad s ~Daad d .~To t ..bZa z j;cAyn c t.Ghayn g.b. t.Faa f wQaaf ..q (.,.9Kaaf k ~Loam JMeem m 'Noon n uHaa hWaaw wYaa y (.S


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Write over the letters below, then continue copyingto complete the page. ' ,... ____

I QID Is- '

l . ' ,:;'

~

~

~

~ Ij11'

~'


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Write over the letters below, then continue copyingto complete the page. -...----

4


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Write over the letters below, then continue copyingto complete the page.

:-~ - - ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ L - - - I J

.._ ___ _(Ib.aa)

( Jeem )___ - - .....


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7

.,... ___ _


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8

(Daal)

( .Qbaal)

,... ___ _

3


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9

.-----( Raa )

3( Zaa ) ~

~ 1J;!!)2


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Write over the letters below, then continue copyingto complete the page. ~ - - - -

( Seen )

( .s.Deen)


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/ ; , t i t i { ~ i '\. '"::.,;;'"',,,(';_,

~ - - - -

( Saad) 1

( f?aad)


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Write over the letters below, then contJnue copyingto complete the page.

~ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ~

12

..-----

( ~ _ ~ a ~ )


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( -I I '

e-i - - - - - - - - - ~ - - - - . . . . ; _ ' - - -...


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( Faa )

( Qaaf)

....---

5


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Write over the letters below, then continue copyingto complete the page. .,... ___

2

(Loam)


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)

(Noon)347

~ - - - -


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17

_.... ___ _( Haa)

(waaw)


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Write over the letters below, then continue copyingto complete the page. ,... ___

( Yaa)


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Here is the complete Arabic alphabet.Can you read all the letters?

--J--

..

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - ~

Start here~ - - - -

..


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Can you fill in the missing lettersin the alphabet below?

--E~---- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - --- f- -

~- --------- - _......\.I '

-- - ~ - - --

- ~ ---

-...---

'- ~

~

-- --

..--4J_---..,aJ


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The Short VowelsThe following are the three short Arabic vowels. Theyare written above or below the Arabic letters.

i) F a t ~ a This is a short diagonal stroke written above an Arabic letter.It is pronounced 'a', as in the English word 'cat'.

Read the alphabet below with f a t ~ a on each letter. .... ___ _/ / / / / ~~ ~ ~ 4.,...) \

/ / / / / J ~ ~ ~ ~/ / / / /..)' ~ ~ 4.1" J/ / / / / ~ ~t t

/ / / / /

~ J ~ ..~ 4J/ / /

4.$ J ..Jb..21


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The Short Vowels - Continued

ii) Kosro This is a short diagonal stroke written below on Arabic letter.It is pronounced 'i', as in the English word 'bit'.

Read the alphabet below with kosro on each letter.~ - - -

~ \~ ~ 4.-.) ~- / / / J . ~ ~ ~ ~/ /

d' uP ~ d J/ / / / / ~ ~t t / /

~ J ~ .. .~ 4J/ / / / /~ J .A../ / /

22


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The Short Vowels - Continued

iii) ~ ? a m m o This is like a very small 'waaw' written above an Arabic letter.It is pronounced 'u', as in the English word 'bull'.

Read the alphabet below with qamma on each letter. .,... ___ _Jl Jl Jl Jl ~~ ~ ~ 4..,) \

Jl Jl Jl Jl Jl J ~ ~ ~ ~Jl Jl Jl J. Jl..)' 4-J" ~ ._rJ JJl Jl Jl Jl J. l; ~t tJl Jl Jl Jl Jl '

~ J ~ ..~ 4JJ. J. Jl

4.$ J Jb..23


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Practise reading your alphabet with f a t ~ a ,kasra and 9amma (a, i, u).y. / y. /:. :. :. .. .. ..~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

/ /---------- - .. -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ~ - f - - - - -

y. / y. /~ ~ ~ . . .C ~ C

f---------- - - ----------y. / y. /. . .'-.f '-.f '-.f ) ) )/ /- ------- -- -------- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ~ - - -----

y. / y. /J, J, J, . uP uP uP/ /

- - - - - - ~ - - - - -----. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ----y. / y. /. . . . . .4-.J 4-.J 4-.J t L tf------------ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ---

y. / J J J\ \ /- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ~ - - - - - ---------------y. / y. /(.$ (.$ (.$ j j j

. .. ../ /

Can you read the following Arabic words?.J. / ..

he stops '-.J '-' '-.S he thanked../

.._ ___y. / y. / \ ~ ~ ~ I I. . .

/ /----------- --y. / y. /

C ~ C c c cy. / y. /. . .) ) ) ~ ~ ~

/ /------------y. / y. /:. :. :.uP uP uP '-.f '-.f '-.f/ /

---- -------------y. / y. /J;, J;, J;,t t- t /

-- -

- ~ ~ y. /.!J .. .. ..~ ~ ~/ /- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1-- -

y. / y. /~ ~ ~ 0 0 0/ /

...., ___/ !J / / / /:. $!. .._) J he read '.J '-'

/ / / .J. / / / he desired, ~ t_.J he was good :JJ che understood \ ~ '-.Jwished

/ /

/ / / .J. / / !Jhe laughed .!J .. ~ ~c ~ he was '-'j.J he wrote ~endowed with / /~ c J .J. /he joined it was known he describes '-.J ~ '-.S..

/ / /


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Joining up Arabic letters (For an explanation, please see p. 27)By itself Joined End Middle Beginning

\ \ \ L L \4...) '-- ..J ~ -- ..J ~ ~ ...J ~ .. ..= -- ..J

.. 4.:.1 .. ..** 0 "- .. ..J-- . . . :. :.~ ~ t J ~ -- ..J~ ~ ~ ~ ~c ~ e- ~ ~ ~ -="- ~

~ ~ ~ wL ~ ~ ~ ~ wL wL ~

J JJJ J J JJJ r r J

~ t . N i u ~ - ~

jJ :. :. :. :. :. ~ ~ ~ _...,._ ~*The six starred 'naughty' letters cannot be joined to the left. For an explanation, seep. 27.

*

***

'*


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By itself Joined

w a a ~I 4--

JP w" .a ..PI_1, bbb

~ t;,t;t;

t ~ ~

~ ~ Q J.. ~-'

.:j ~J J-U

J JJJ

End

~.k.A.t-t-

~..4J-

~J-

Middle

QI

-(2I.JQ..

.A .

.A.....A..

..L

---+

Beginning

..;p

~_&,

_&,J..J

J

J *


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Joining up Arabic letters- continuedSo for, we hove learned how to write the Arabic letters when they ore not joinedtogether. However, Arabic words ore usually written in a joined-up form. Most letters ofthe Arabic alphabet can be joined on either side. The shape of each letter changesaccording to its position within a word. These different forms must be learnt so that onecon recognise the letters when they ore combined together to make words.Each letter has four forms: beginning, middle, end and by itself. On the previous twopages you will find a table showing how each letter is written according to its position ina word.The 'Naughty' LettersThere ore six 'naughty' letters which refuse to join on to any letter after them (in otherwords, to the left of them). However, they do allow other normal letters to join them fromthe right. The 'naughty' letters ore:.) J JA normal letter written after a naughty letter cannot toke the middle form. It will tokethe beginning form instead, unless it is the lost letter of a word, in which case it will tokethe 'by itself' form.Exerc.iseWrite out the Arabic alphabet in the boxes below,and draw a circle around the six 'naughty' letters.

~ ~27

.,... ___ _CD


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Practice with the 'Naughty' Letters

-W ~ ~ + "-...)

j_, ~ J +) Y . J ~ Y + . J

What happens when both the letters are naughty?

_)_) ~ _) + _) _)_) ~ _) + _)


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Practice with joining lettersCopy out the words onto the lines provided, and learn how to join the letters. ~... ___ _

,; ,; ,; ,; ,; ,; ,; ,; ,;:. :. :.he looked for- ~ ~ ~ _,) '-.,..) /""" '-.,..)he researched '-- ,; ,;,; ,; ,; ,; ,; ,; ,;L. . . :. ( .. :. J..:.,.,_ ,) " ' " ~e stood firm _j ~ _,) "

,; ,; ,; ,; ,; ,; :. :.he drank '-.,..) ~ '-.,..) - ~ ~ ' .,;J.J J - '-"/' / ' / ',; ,; ,; , ; ,; ,; ,; ,; ,; (J. we sr.nttArArl ~ - ~ _,) _1J J -

~ , ; , ; ~ ,; ,; ~ ,; ,;, .. .. ..he left ,_) _jooooo_ _,) \ '-.,..)- - --,; ,; ,; ,; ,; ,; ,; ,; ,;...:-..w ..he covered - ~ ~ \ "' .._, .,;Jconcealed J J - '-"

29


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Practice with joining lettersCopy out the words onto the lines provided, and learn how to join the letters. ~

he athered

he rotectedguarded

he ex lained

/ / /

/ //:.

/

,... ___

:.


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~ - - - -,/ , / , / ,/ , / ,/ ,/ ,/ , /i - ~ ..r:::Je shouted ,... - ~ ~ '- '---_J L J ' - '

, / , / , / ,/ ,/ , / , / ,/ ,/ . ; . . ~ ~ ~P. h r ~ \ .,..... (he was proud J _J J L

, / ~ ~ ,/ l ,/ , / \ , / ,/> - ~ ~e entered .,.....~ ~ -

,/,/,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ , / ,/ ,/

he turned uo ~ , ~ , .) ,-J - J - J~ " " 1 , ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ 1,e chased awav; ~ - _b, ~ 'e repelled J J -

'

,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/p. jJ ...L ~ LJhe reoretted p. ...) p.' ' / ' /31


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Practice with joining lettersCopy out the words onto the lines provided, and learn how to join the letters. ~..----

/S1 / / / !J /s he remembered ......_ ~ ' ~J J J

/ /. / / /. / / / /hA n11rifiArl '" ..) l..tb " ..) l Jb " J ~ ~

/. / / /. / / / / /1;...\ -L ->- ' te took ~ ..,....L/:s:: / ~ / / /,J / .:. :. :.he thanked ... ~ ... ~

'JJ

J J .J v

/ // / / / / / / he roiserl ~ ' ~ ~ ' y r....JJ \._... J \._... . J'

/ / / / / / / / /

- ~ , ~ /JA y he claimed ....... ' alleged \ .J \ .J \ L .J

32


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~ - - - -/ / / / / / / / /

he fastened lA::>- ;a .>- :A ~he was resolute \-"' \J \ ...1 L

/ ,, :' /\ / / "'1 / / /\e descended I :.J I + J went down - . . . . . ~ - .J ~ J -

// / / / / / / he uraed incited ~ ~ A. ..::>- __( ~ ~l_.I .J J L

/// / / / / / /$! .. ' .. 1 ..he read \._9 - J ' I ~J _.I J -/l/ / ,L / / : / / he washed c ~ ~

"'-' '-' - u L/ / / / / / / / / c.. / 'e dozed he ~ j ~ . --&... _...)_ iJwas sleepy '-" '-" u L

33


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Practice with joining lettersCopy out the words onto the lines provided/ and learn how to join the letters. .... __

:. hA wnc:. nr t ivA . . )u/energetic

'Il / :. ~ ~ / _h / / _b /hP- wns thirstv :. ~ :. yA wtJu u u L/ /

hP- wns nntient .. " ...)_;

3 / ..{ ~P- sttJck rs.th.) u -~ ~ 1 ~ l / - - - ~ j / ~P- lntJnhed .::>- ~ .,....~ u / /

tl/ / / / / / / / /

.. . .. ..t deer ~ " . ..a. .JJ. J ~ I ~became less u u u -34


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Practice with joining lettersCopy out the words onto the lines provided, and learn how to join the letters. f...., ___ _

/ / / / / / / / / ~e arose oot uo ~ ~ .a.. . . .L .J ~ .!,../ "' !,../ "' !,../

/1/ / 1 / / /J; / LA lnnkArl ot J .J _ lJ J J

/ / / / / / / / /~ ~ ~ _;;, ~A rl ' .... ~ ~\ \ \ !,../

/. L ~ / 1/ / /_b /.. ..

he c:11t -'t ~ - ~ { ~L \,...._ ~

/b/, /.b.. / / /.b / /hA tiArl __,J_ _1_ ( . ) 'J J J'

/ / ~ ~ / / 1 / / /t,he oooeared ..a. ' ~J\1 .....; \,1 J


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it became smalllittle

he o ened

he stood

/ //

/ //

/ / /

/ //. .

/

/

/ / /

/ / /. ..

36

/

y.

.,.. ___


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Practice with joining lettersCopy out the words onto the lines provided, and learn how to join the letters. ~... ___ _

/ / / :, 1 / / / /he arabbed I.., 1 ..... ..4 .A JJ /fJiseized u \

/ 1"" / 1 / / ~ \ /~ .. ..he turned s.th "' L. ~ '" .J I ~ - ~over~ / _L / / \ /he swallowed A ,_ __, y "--'\....... \...... -

/ // / / / / / /'

he orever red .. ~ --" ..A y ( /fJihe forbade \...... \...... '/ J. / / J. / / J. /

it wos nice ..._. ..>- .JtJ ..,..good, suitable u u u L

'

/ / / / / / I C ( .he foraot J .AJ'...:?, ~ ~ u/' / '


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Practice with joining lettersJoin the groups of letters to make words in the boxes provided.

he prostrated

it rained/ /

he made room/space for

he accepted/

/

he was allowed, permitted

he advised/ / /

he ripened/ / /

he bowed

he went

,... ___

/ he was full up (food)

he sat

he was astonished/ /

:. ../t:J ~/he knew

/ / /


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Practice with joining lettersJoin the groups of letters to make words in the boxes provided. ~.._ ___ _

he withdrew, pulled out it was shortJ1

.. ..

it was numerous he emptied; he finished

he endowed with..

/he matured; it ripened

/

/ he spent the night awake

/he was sorry, regretted

/he was ill, unwell

/

he passed (an exam)

39

/ / /

he demanded, requested

he triumphed

/he was quick, fast

he abstained from/

/

he gathered, assembled

he was angry/ /


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TanweenThe three short Arabic vowels, fatl)a, kasra and9amma, can be doubled. This is known as "tanween",and it changes the sound of the vowels.

i) Tanween f a t ~ a ( f a t ~ a t a a n ) __ This is two short diagonal strokes written above aArabic letter. It is pronounced 'on', as in the Englisword 'man'. It is usually supported by an alit.

Read the alphabet below with tanween f a t ~ a on each letter..,... __

~ ~ ~ ~ ~~ \j lJ Lt ~\~ ~ ~ ~ ~

'J \ ~ \ ~ ~ ~~ ~ ~ ~ ~Lp ~ ~ L-t \j

~ ~ ~ ~ ~\ j ~ '-" Ub lb~ ~ ~ ~ ~u Lo ~ \S li'

~ ~ ~

Lt 'J lA..


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Tanween (Continued)

ii) Tanween kasra (kasrataan) This is two short diagonal strokes written belowan Arabic letter. It is pronounced 'in', as in theEnglish word 'win'.

Read the alphabet below with tanween kasra on each letter..,... __ _

~ \~ ~ ~ 4,.,) ~~ ~ ~ ~ J ~ ~ ~ c ~ c~ ~ ~

d' ~ ~ ~ J~ ~ ~ ~ ~ Jb ~~ t ~ t ~ ~

~ J .!J .." ~ ~~ ~ ~ ~;..-'~ J 0..~ ~ ~41


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Tanween (Continued)

iii) Tanween


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Practice with tanweenPractise reading the following words that have been written with tanween. Copy eachword out onto the empty line below the word. .._ __

// ';.u ~ l 3 ) _~ - - - - k ~ - - pen boy father \.-)\.! - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ~ - - - - - - - ~ - -

/ / / / ~ ~ / / .. \ J. J 1 .N'L Q V e L ~ - ~ hundred ~ hand lion~ / ..f-----

'// ~ ~ / / ~ ~ // /

.. ~ .jJOrSEL _ _ ~ j present i.\...! goat $ :- mouth -.JJ .. I I/ ~-------- - - - - - ~ - -

~ ~ \:L1/ /

_b_QLL______ ~ ~ - -.. . .

cherries lip 4 Q.;, never ~ - - - --- -- -

~ // ~ ~ - - / ~ ~ /_klo_g_______ m Q u n t a i n ~ CQrrot ~ brother ;-i :)J L1---------- - ------------- ----

// ~ / / / ~ ~ / / /.. :. cQmel l . l l o ~ "b . 'pyrQmid f-J.A tree ~ m_an\ . . . . ~ - . . ~- - - - - - ~ - - -

43


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The Long Vowels (Madd)Three letters of the Arabic alphabet are usedto lengthen the sounds of the short vowels

f a t ~ a , kasra and 9amma. These letters are:

i) Alif al-madd

J

Alit is used to lengthen the "a" sound of fatt)a intoan "aa" sound.Note the special shape of loam when it is joined to alifbelow.

I + 1Read the alphabet below with alif al-madd (the long f a t ~ a ) on each letter...._ __

/ / / / -~ \j \J L '/ / / / /'J ' ~ ' ~ \_;.. ~/ / / / /

Lp Lp ~ ~ \j/ / / / /\j '-" ~ ~ lk/ / / / /

u Lo ~ \S Li '/ / /L 'J LA..

44


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The Long Vowels (Madd) - Continued { ~-

ii) Vaa al-maddYaa al-madd is used to lengthen the "i" sound of kasra into an "ee" sound.

Read the alphabet below with yaa al-madd (the long kasra) on each letter..,... __ _

~ '.. ..~ 4$ 4$ ~ .. e- ,. - ,. - ,. - ,. '-?J ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~. ..,. ,. ,. - ,. - ,.

~ ~ ~ ~ ~ .. )- ,. - ,. - ,. - ,. ,. ~ ~~ ~,. - ,. - ,. - ,. - ,.J ~ .. ~ '4$ ~,. - ,. - ,. - ,. - ,.

4$. '-?J ~,. ,. - ,.


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The Long Vowels (Madd) - Continued Q {C.-

iii) Waaw al-maddWoow ol-modd is used to lengthen the "u" sound of 9ommo into on "oo" sound.

Read the alphabet below with woow al-modd (the long c;iommo) on each letter......, __

y. y. y. y. ~. .. J': y y J-!y. y. y. y. y. JJ J ~ J ~ F F

y. y. y. y. y.

J4' ~ ~ ~ JJy. y. y. y. y. ya, ~JJ J-'- J-'-y. y. J. y. y.y ~

.. ..

_JJj-4y. y. y.y.. JJ ~

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Practice with MaddRead the words below, then copy them out onto the lines provided. ...,. ___

Jl Jl /.. .~ .J

47


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SukoonA small circle called sukoon, written above a letter of the Arabic alphabet, is used toshow that the letter below it has no vowel:_0_ . All you hear is the shortened sound ofthe letter, so jeem becomes 'j', kaaf becomes 'k ' and sheen becomes 'sh' etc.

0 0 0Try reading the following words: . .~When there is a fatha followed by a yaa with a sukoon on it, it makes an '-ay' sound.

/ 0e.g.

When there is a fatha followed by a waaw with a sukoon on it, it makes an '-ow' soun.\Y / 0 /.. .'-'.YRead the words below, then copy them out onto the lines provided.

.J. .J. 0 /

.J. .J. / / 0 .J. .J. / 0~ 6 ~ ~ ~/ /

.J. .J. / 0 /

48

.(_JJ~ - - -

.J. .J. 0/

w

..( 0 d

.J..J. 0/..l ~..


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ShaddaShadda is a symbol written above a letter to show that the letter has been doubledand therefore sounds stronger.The symbol for shadda looks like this: __The short vowels are written with shadda like this: or- - - - ~ ~ - - - - - - - - - - ~ - - - - - - -Study these examples: ,.. __

0 / / 0 / ~ ~ ~ 0... ~_r. = J + J + w YJ - w + w + J \' - \ + \ + / ~ /Read the words below, then copy them out onto the lines provided. . . . . - - - ~


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Similar sounding lettersAs you will have realised by now, some pairs of Arabic letters have similar sounds, sextra care must be taken to pronounce each letter correctly. Below are some pairswords which illustrate this point. Incorrect pronunciation would change their meaninFor example:

0/ 0/~ means hearL whereas ~ means dog!. .Practise reading the words below and copy them into your exercise book. When yofeel confident that you can tell the difference between the similar sounds, ask yoArabic teacher to test you by reading them aloud to you as a dictation exercise.

he perished, died; he wasannihilated, destroyed

he was good, pleasant,agreeable

he shaved

he repented

a dog

J S ~it was still, motionless,stagnant

a heart

/ //...liJhe slept; went tobed, lay down

f---- - - - - - - - - - - - ~ ~ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ~ - - - - - 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ' -

/ /clay, soil a fig (of merchandise) it foundno market; it didn't sell he intended - - - - ----------------------------+----------------------

/shady, shaded

l . ~-.he poured,emptied

/despicable, contemptible;lowly, abject, servile

he insulted, reviled;he cursed, swore

.Y_rPhitting, beating,striking

some, a few

a path, trail, track;a mountain pass/ 0 /

after----. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - . . , . , . - - . , - ~ __ - - ,

~he offered a morningdrink (to someone) ~he swam he went astray,lost his way he led, he showedtheway t:...:>- ..L. . J-. . . L. . 1 ~ L . . .JvJ_l_. .. . . ~ ~ - ~ - _ .4 ~ j - .


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c ~ ~ - . . L _ . . . L _ ~ ) c (t t- ...,>,:,...watermelon peach cucumber bread

' ~ ; ; 0 / ; ; / ;;o;. . L.;.. .c.r- j .. _r:.>-/

grasshopper cockerel

;; 0 / ;; ; 0 ;~ ' - ' ~ .shoe sweetcorn

;; 0;..~ ~Complete the wor.ds below by filling in the missing letter or letters,

and also all the vowel sounds.

Jl:- ~ - ~ . _;-':- - ~ ..'-". ~ . j - ~ - . >- ...::>-


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cd u----) c j - j - j ) c rrJ- - - - - - ~ )

carrot

squirrel

/

cherries

bread gazelle giraffe

eagle pineapple

Complete the words below by filling in the missing letter or letters,and also all the vowel sounds.

0 / /

feather

' - - ' ~ . ~ \ _ ) . . ~ - - _)\. - ~ j . .SJlL.. / J . / .u r . .....Y. ~ . .-.J .- .J

54


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beans

egg

~ / 0 ~ / o_.,~ ~ ..iWL (:,?. I-= I : ; t/ /

y.y._., /

lioncub

onions

table

0. . ~ ./

y.y.

:.--

0

sun

molartooth

d.rP/


Y)- .\.; .. .. J-.. ~ "-- . ...;....) J_ r .....J... .. ~ - .. ... ~ . _.o "-- ~ - . ~ . - ~_r ..


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wall

watermelon birds aeroplane

; ; ; ;) ~spectacles antelope

envelopes

square grapes scorpion.

; ; ;>' ; ; ;>' 0 ;>'..y ~----:_c.


:. ..0l.-::- lS . -- . ....) . ....) .r'-. ..

..

l>-r'- / o. ......) "=-- _,._. 56


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plum

wrist parrot crow

.~ Jmushrooms whistle

hedgehog bag, briefcase

jljl / /.. ..~ ..


I))

gazelle

elephant

train

j\j-. .. y\_r . . .lk-..- . - - . J 0_) _,_p . . S _;1-.. .. ... . . _r. _;_j ~ . ->-

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c J-...LJwindow sugar

tail heart

j l j l o,.... ~.eraser

)ball

scissors

/..

book

lioness

banana .

JlJl,....o,....oj_rComplete the words below by filling in the missing letter or letters,and also all the vowel sounds.

I))o ~ . ~ .. .J .. . '"--"' l:.... O__r. 0J..r .. .. .. Oy- . J . _ J ~ ' - -- . J ..>r:..J..


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spider

present

fruit teeth

j l j l , 0 /.. ..0-* jljl ;0 /0 ~ i


.. .. La>- -.L OJ- . J J I ..

. -.L.

u ~ . . L . ~ rr - ~ _r _,4 ~ .


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/

bed

y.y. 0 /':.

eye

y.y. 0 /

puppy

y.y. 0 /

kitten


.. ..

hand

:;s:.. ~ r .\.b 0 ~ ) O_.r _.r


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The moon letters

The Arabic word for 'the' is 'al' (alif followed by loam). It is not writtenseparately. Rather, it joins onto the word it defines.The Arabic alphabet is divided into two groups of letters: the moon letters and the sunletters. The moon letters are shown above. When 'al' is followed by a word beginningwith a moon letter, then 'al' is written with asukoon on the loam.In the first example below, 'arnabun' (a rabbit) becomes 'al-arnabu' (the rabbit). Nothow the tanween at the end of a word without 'al' changes into a single short vowelonce 'al' is added. e.g. arnabun becomes al-arnabu.

0 / 0; ~ ~ 0 /~ ~ ~ ~ . y. ;0 / 0; ;0 /~ J ~ J ' \ ~ ~ J i// 0; ~ ~ // /~ \ ~ ~ ..~ y .

0;~ \ ~ ~y.y. / /

..

0 0; y.y. 0fl_r>J \ fly..>-/ /

ExerciseCopy out the following words on the lines provided, adding 'al' to each word.Remember to change the two 9ammas at the end of each word into one 9amma.

/ ;Y . ~ ~J ~ y \ ~ ., > l , /; , ~ ~ ~.. " " ' ' '" , ,/

y . ~ / / ~ ~ 0 y . ~ ko ~ L w J ..~ . r/ /

/ 0 y.y. y...u ..~ ~ ~.


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The sun letters. "'" ," ' ; " ', . . ', ' . " 'J Q J;, j;, ~ (._p? ~ J j,) ~ ~ ~ ~The sun letters ore shown above. Sun letters are written with a shadda when they comestraight after 'all. The loam of 'all does not take a sukoon. Instead/ it becomes a silentletter.In the first example below/ 'taajun/ (a crown) becomes 'at-taaju/ (the crown). Noticethe strong sound of the 'to/ / and note how you cannot hear the 'loam/ at all.Once again/ the tanween at the end of a word without 'or changes into a single shortvowel once 'or is added. e.g. taajun becomes at-taaju.

ExerciseCopy out the following words on the lines provided/ adding 'all to each word.Remember to change the two 9ammas at the end of each word into one 9amma.

~ ~ 0 / ~ ~ / J ;.j / ~ ~H \I .._;-!.__rW ~ ) ...,__ ~/ /

~ ~ 0 / ~ ~ / / ~ ~ / / /rJ ~ ~ ~ ~~ ~ /0 / ~ ~ / / ~ ~ / 0 /~ ~ _ , l b o ~ j

/'


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ExerciseSort out the words in the box below into two groups: those beginning with sun lettersand those beginning with moon letters. Write them in the columns provided, adding'al' to the beginning of each word.

Sun Letter Words Moon Letter Words/ 0 ;SJ /;)..5' ~ J \


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Al-alif al-maqsuraAl-alif al-maqsura is a type of alit which appears at the end of some words.It always has a fatt)a before it. Read the examples below and copy themout into your exercise book.

/ /f.! Jl- . > ' ~ ' // __9. ~ / / //

.. ~y ~/ / 0 ,..o ~ /~ ~ ~ ~ ?

/

/ / 0 __9. ~ ~~ ~ ~ a - 4 ~~ I~ / __9. ,.._y. //

..

~ _ ; - A l>_r ~ _ )/ 0 ,..o __9. 0 ~ __9. / /

~ \ ' - . > ' ~ ~/ 0 ,..o __9. 0 ~ / 0 /~ ~ \ ~/ / / // . ~ ~ ~ \ / ~ / / 0 ~ / J1>- l>jj\ ~ _ ) ~ \' - . > ' ~ ~. / /

/ 0 / 0 / ,..o / / / / / / . /- ~ ~ \ f.! ~ . . U i j -'-.>' JJ ~ . . U \ J. ? ' _)/ /

....-o ..- o )2,., Jl( ~ " ~ \ oJ_,-)


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Reading practice with hamzaBelow are examples of hamza in its various forms and positions. Read thewords out loud and copy them into your exercise book.

JI.Jl / /~ .JI.Jl 0 /

Jl Jl Jl Jl~i f j ) _ )

JI.Jl 0/...wt... Jl Jl Jl Jl J!u ~ '/

JLJl Jl

> - ~.. /Jl Jl Jl Jl

/

\ + ~.w . . .w -w..

J!.J!./ J!.J!.

65


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Reading practiceRead the following familiar Islamic phrases and learn their meanings.

;;; "' "' oJ I.ill\ 0 ~

;;; Jl 0 / 0/. ill .L...>JI/ ; ; ; Jl 0 /0 /ill\ . . J!.. , -: 1 .. \. f

;;; / 0 ;;; / ;;; Jl Jl /. ) \ 0 \ , b ~ : . . J \ ~ i l l ~ _yi,... / ,.. / "" ,..

~ o . . . . - Jlu:J ""' ,.,,... \ ~ i l l \ ~ ~ ~~ 0 , . ; / /. \ ~ i l l \ ~ ~ ~

In the name of Allah, the Gracious, theMerciful.Allah is Greater.

Glory be to Allah.

What Allah wishes. (A phrase used toexpress praise or admiration).God willing.

Praise be to Allah.(Thanks be to Allah).

I ask Allah's forgiveness.

I testify that there is no god except Allah.

I testify that Muhammad is the Messengerof Allah.

May the blessing and peace of Allah beupon him. (A phrase spoken aftermentioning our Prophet's name).

I seek protection in Allah from the accursedShaytan.(To a boy or man): May Allah reward yougreatly.(To a girl or woman): May Allah reward yougreatly

~ " ' JJ \ ~ j " ' o ( ' ~ I - ; . . . _ ~ ~ ~ May the peace and blessings of Allah beJ ,. r - ' ~ \ upon you. (Islamic greeting).. ~ ; ) JJ \ ~ J ~ ~ I ~ " S Q ~ j And may the peace and blessin9s of Allah,. \ be upon you too. (Reply to Islamic greeting)


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Ninety-nine perfect names of AllahRead the beautiful names of Allah listed below and copy them into your exercise boseparating them into two groups according to whether the letter after the initial 'al-'sun letter or a moon letter.

/ 0~ I.

0

c .... Q \..

/ 0~ I..

/ 0~ Iill'-...J q... :.r

0~ I.. .

-& 0J ~ l

ill~ I./ 0~ I

/

/ 0~ I/

ill / 0Li;J\.)

/ 0 ill~ ) \ill~ ) \

/

/ 0~ I

/ i l l\')LJ\0 0

~ r - J I


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nine perfect names of Allah,J / 0

. . e ~ \;'

~ I.. ;'0 ,J 0~ \.. ,.,

0 j l 0~ \.. ; '

,. o.. U\

~ . ; '

j l /0~ W \,.,J\}\.. ; '

/ / j l 0J ~ \.. ; '

~ \

Jl , .oJ l o

I' c ~ \; '

oJl o Jl ,..,.~ \ ~ ~/ /

/ / 0 j l- J ~ \ j ~/

i ~ j l j/

j l 0 j l 0~ \

j l j l 0~ \.0 j l 0

~ \.. /j l j l 0~ \.~ I

.

j l / 0~ \ _ , . H

/

j l / 0~ W \

Jl , . . ,oJlo~ \/

, . J l 0~ \\, . J l 0_;- j.-


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In the name of Allah, the Gracious, theMerciful.Praise be to Allah, Lord of the Worlds,The Gracious, the Merciful, Lord of the.Day of Judgment.You alone do we worship, and to Youa l o n ~ do we turn for help.Guide us on the straight path,The path of those whom You havefavoured,

Not the path of those who earn Youranger, nor of those who go astray.

God - there is no god but Him, theEver-Living, the Self-Subsisting.slumber nor sleep overtake

To Him belong all that is in the heavensand ail that is on the earth.Who is there that could intercede withHim, unless it be by His leave?He knows all that lies open before menand all that is hidden from them,

/ - . ) ~ . i1i "--, ...... 0 0,// . . . .9 0 / 0 . \I - t \ )J l c. . _ \\ e f t ~ . J ~ ~ Y ~ ~,... . ,.. ,. ,..,

gateway to arabic book 1(a)

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