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GASKET MATERIALS

713.692.7114 • Fax 713.692.07351120 McDaniel • Houston, Texas 77022888.692.7114 • www.gulfrubberco.com

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SHEET MATERIALS

RED RUBBER

Red Styrene Butadiene Rubber. Excellent low cost material for flange gaskets. Non-oil resistant compound that resists flow under compression. Conforms well to uneven flange surfaces. Durometer 75 + or – 10/-5. Tensile Strength 400 psi. Temperature -20 F to 175 F.

PURE GUM RUBBER

Natural rubber used for high abrasion and resiliency applications. Conforms to irregular flanges. Resists most organic salts, acids, alkalis and ammonia. Not recommended for ozone or oil resistance. Durometer 40 + or – 5. Temperature -20 F or 150 F. Tensile strength 2000 psi. Elongation 600%.

HYPALON

Hypalon is highly resistant to most acids and other corrosives. It is most commonly used as a covering in soil burial as it is unaffected by soil chemical and moisture. Excellent ozone and UV resistance. Durometer 60 + or – 5. Temperature -20 F to 200 F. Tensile strength 1500 psi. Elongation 300%.

EPDM PEROXIDE CURED

Resistance to heat, chemical and ultraviolet light. Excellent for outdoor application. Good electrical and dynamic properties. Material is not oil resistant. Durometer 60 + or – 5. Temperature -40 F to 250 F. Tensile Strength 850 psi. Elongation 300%.

GASKETS & GASKET MATERIALS SHEET MATERIALS

RED RUBBER

Red Styrene Butadiene Rubber. Excellent low cost material for flange gaskets. Non-oil resistant compound that resists flow under compression. Conforms well to uneven flange surfaces. Durometer 75 + or – 10/-5. Tensile Strength 400 psi. Temperature -20 F to 175 F.

PURE GUM RUBBER

Natural rubber used for high abrasion and resiliency applications. Conforms to irregular flanges. Resists most organic salts, acids, alkalis and ammonia. Not recommended for ozone or oil resistance. Durometer 40 + or – 5. Temperature -20 F or 150 F. Tensile strength 2000 psi. Elongation 600%.

HYPALON

Hypalon is highly resistant to most acids and other corrosives. It is most commonly used as a covering in soil burial as it is unaffected by soil chemical and moisture. Excellent ozone and UV resistance. Durometer 60 + or – 5. Temperature -20 F to 200 F. Tensile strength 1500 psi. Elongation 300%.

EPDM PEROXIDE CURED

Resistance to heat, chemical and ultraviolet light. Excellent for outdoor application. Good electrical and dynamic properties. Material is not oil resistant. Durometer 60 + or – 5. Temperature -40 F to 250 F. Tensile Strength 850 psi. Elongation 300%.

EPDM SPONGE

Closed Cell EPDM sponge used in applications exceeding the temperature and performance capabilities of Nitrile sponge. Medium Density. Temperature -65 F to 250 F.

FLUOROELASTOMER (VITON)

Excellent high temperature capability with resistance to a wide range of chemicals and acids. Good abrasion resistance. Durometer 75 + or – 5. Temperature -20 F -400 F.Tensile strength 800 psi. Elongation 225%.

FLUOROELASTOMER (VITON) SPONGE

Medium density closed cell sponge sheet with excellent high temperature capability and resistance to a wide range of chemicals. Temperature -10 F to 400 F.

NEOPRENE

Good general service rubber. Most widely used in gaskets, sealing and weather stripping. moderate resistance to oil and ozone. Available in 40 and 60 Durometers. Temperature -20 F to 180 F. Tensile strength 850 psi. Elongation 300%.

BUNA (NITRILE)

Excellent rubber for all types of washers and gaskets that require resistance to conditions of oil and aromatic fuels. Good general service rubber. Available in 50, 60, 70 and 90 durometers. Temperature -20 F to 170 F. Tensile Strength 850 psi. Elongation 350%.

BUNA (NITRILE) WHITE

Good resistance to oily and greasy food products. Good resistance to abrasion. Non toxic and non marking. Manufactured from FDA approved ingredients. Durometer 55 + or – 5. Temperature -20 F to 170 F. Tensile strength 900 psi. Elongation 350%.

EPDM SPONGE






NEOPRENE


BUNA (NITRILE)




BUTYL

Butyl has a good resistance to gas permeation. Non-oil resistant. Good Resistance to abrasion and flexing. Durometer 60 + or – 5. Temperature -40 F to 180 F. Tensile strength 1100 psi. Elongation 400%.

SILICONE

Silicone provides high and low temperature capability and maintains good flexibility. Durometer 50 and 70 + or – 5. Temperature -80 F to 450 F. Tensile strength 700 psi. Elongation 250%. Red in color. Also available in white color.

SILICONE SPONGE

Medium density closed cell Silicone sponge. Temperature -80 F to 450 F. Red in color.

CLOTH INSERTED BLACK RUBBER

Good flange gasket material for air, hot and cold water, low pressure steam or hydraulic services. Works well in all types of gauges, meters and valves where pressure areas tend to move. SBR compound with cotton duck insertion. One ply per 1/16” thickness. Durometer 60 + or – 5. Temperature 0 F to 180 F. Tensile strength 400 psi. Elongation 200%.

CORRUGATED RUBBER MATTING

Rubber roll with 1/8” wide “ribs” providing good wear resistance and safety protection.

NEOPRENE COTTON DUCK INSERTED

Neoprene rubber diaphragm reinforced with cotton duck for balanced structural strength. Used to transmit motions between gases and fluids in valves and gauges. One ply per 1/16” thickness. Durometer 70 + or – 5. Temperature -20 F to 200 F. Tensile strength 1000 psi. Elongation 300%.

PLANT FIBRE

Excellent grade of vegetable fibre sheet packing, efficiently saturated with a glue- glycerin impregnant rendered insoluble by means of a tanning agent (formaldehyde) to give a strong, flexible, all-proof packing with properties retained during proper storage and use. Used in sealing oils, gasoline, greases, water and air. Temperature to 250 F. Tensile strength 2000 psi.

PLANT FIBRE/RUBBER CS-301

Made from cellulose fibre, cork and styrene butadiene rubber (SBR). A tendency to swell moderately without disintegrating in water or oil makes this fibre sheet a dependable seal in services not involving aromatic fuels and solvents. Temperature to 300 F. Tensile strength 700 psi minimum.

PLANT FIBRE/BUNA-N CN-705

Made from cellulose fibre, cork and Buna-N. It is generally suitable for oil, gasoline and water services. Combines high compressibility and high crush strength. Temperature to 300 F. Tensile strength 1000 psi.

CORK/NEOPRENE

Neoprene rubber blended with cork particles for gaskets with narrow flanges and for low bolt load applications. Soft, medium and firm density. Temperature to 275 F.

CORK/NITRILE (BUNA)

Buna rubber blended with cork particles for gaskets with narrow flanges and for low bolt load applications. For oil and non-aromatic petroleum derivatives. Soft, medium and firm density. Temperature to 275 F.

EPDM SPONGE






NEOPRENE


BUNA (NITRILE)




PLANT FIBRE






CORK/NEOPRENE


CORK/NITRILE (BUNA)


713.692.7114 • Fax 713.692.07351120 McDaniel • Houston, Texas 77022 Pg 3

EPDM SPONGE






NEOPRENE


BUNA (NITRILE)




EPDM SPONGE






NEOPRENE


BUNA (NITRILE)




BUTYL

Butyl has a good resistance to gas permeation. Non-oil resistant. Good Resistance to abrasion and flexing. Durometer 60 + or – 5. Temperature -40 F to 180 F. Tensile strength 1100 psi. Elongation 400%.

SILICONE

Silicone provides high and low temperature capability and maintains good flexibility. Durometer 50 and 70 + or – 5. Temperature -80 F to 450 F. Tensile strength 700 psi. Elongation 250%. Red in color. Also available in white color.

SILICONE SPONGE

Medium density closed cell Silicone sponge. Temperature -80 F to 450 F. Red in color.

CLOTH INSERTED BLACK RUBBER

Good flange gasket material for air, hot and cold water, low pressure steam or hydraulic services. Works well in all types of gauges, meters and valves where pressure areas tend to move. SBR compound with cotton duck insertion. One ply per 1/16” thickness. Durometer 60 + or – 5. Temperature 0 F to 180 F. Tensile strength 400 psi. Elongation 200%.

CORRUGATED RUBBER MATTING

Rubber roll with 1/8” wide “ribs” providing good wear resistance and safety protection.

NEOPRENE COTTON DUCK INSERTED

Neoprene rubber diaphragm reinforced with cotton duck for balanced structural strength. Used to transmit motions between gases and fluids in valves and gauges. One ply per 1/16” thickness. Durometer 70 + or – 5. Temperature -20 F to 200 F. Tensile strength 1000 psi. Elongation 300%.

GASKETS & GASKET MATERIALSNEOPRENE NYLON INSERTED

Neoprene rubber diaphragm reinforced with nylon to add structural strength. Durometer 70 + or – 5. Temperature -40 F to 200 F. Tensile strength 1500 psi. Elongation 300%.

BUNA (NITRILE) NYLON INSERTED

Buna rubber diaphragm reinforced with nylon. Durometer 70 + or – 5. Temperature -20 F to 200 F.

NEOPRENE FIBERGLASS INSERTED

Neoprene rubber reinforced with fiberglass. Thickness .024”

NON ASBESTOS COMPRESSED SHEET

Compressed gasket material utilizing NBR elastomer reinforced with both Aramid and mineral fiber. Designed for general service use. Excellent mechanical, thermal and chemical resistant properties. This material is produced using a two-roll calendering process under high compression resulting in high density composite with greater stability. Colors green, blue, white. Temperature -40 F to 480 F continuous.

NITRILE PVC SPONGE

Black closed cell Nitrile PVC sponge sheet. Well suited for stripping and die cut parts. Medium density. Temperature -20 F to 160 F. Tensile strength 70 psi. Elongation

100%. Available in firm density also. With our without pressure sensitive adhesive back.

FIBERGLASS CLOTH

Fiberglass woven fabric 14 oz weight. Temperature to 1000 F. Available in tan and red colors.

PLANT FIBRE






CORK/NEOPRENE


CORK/NITRILE (BUNA)


EPDM SPONGE






NEOPRENE


BUNA (NITRILE)




PLANT FIBRE






CORK/NEOPRENE


CORK/NITRILE (BUNA)


CORK AND SPONGE RUBBER ADHESIVE BACKED

Cork and sponge rubber composition that combines lasting resilience with high surface friction. Eliminates squeaks, and absorbs shock. Pressure sensitive back. Die cut gaskets or strip.

FELT

Felt is used for its anti-vibration qualities and has excellent oil retention properties, providing a range of uses in most industries. Die Cut gaskets and strip. F-1 White firm felt F-3 Grey firm felt F-13 Grey medium felt

CERAMIC FIBRE PAPER

Paper is an alumino-silicate ceramic fiber based non-woven fabric. Manufactured through a special paper-making process with high purity washed fibers. White color, light weight, flexible, good handling strength and good uniformity. Low thermal conductivity, low heat storage, and thermal shock resistant. Good dielectric strength. Resists most chemicals except hydrofluoric, phosphoric acids and concentrated alkalis. Good for die-cut and automatic stamping. Density 10 lb/cu. Ft. Temperature 1,888 F for continuous use, 2300 F maximum. Tensile strength 25 psi.

TEFLON

Teflon has high tensile strength, low coefficient of friction, and excellent temperature capability and is resistant to most acids and chemicals. PH range 0-14. Temperature -450 F to 500 F. Tensile strength 5000 psi.

EXPANDED TEFLON

Soft expanded Teflon sheet is made from virgin PTFE and is more conformable than standard Teflon sheet. Resistant to chemical attack, high creep resistance, high compressibility and excellent memory. Temperature to 500 F. Tensile strength 1500 psi.


Non-Asbestos Gasket Materials

Syntheseal Latent Cure Nitrile Binder(Interface Solutions N-8090)Syntheseal non-asbestos gasket materials are designed to be a direct substitute for asbestos-containing materials. Style 0N8090 is a reinforced cellulose fiber and a Latent Cure nitrile butadiene binder. The Latent Cure system is formulated for initial conformability which helps seal rough flanges. The presence of heat in the application activates ingredients which vulcanize the material to provide the benefits of Fully Cured products. This provides Style 0N8090 with outstanding sealing characteristics. Excellent oil resistance. Temperatures below 350ºF. Minimum tensile strength 2000 PSI.

Syntheseal Fully Cured Nitrile Binder(Interface Solutions N-8092)Syntheseal non-asbestos gasket materials are designed to be a direct substitute for asbestos-containing materials. Style 0N8092 is a reinforced cellulose fiber and a Fully Cured nitrilebutadiene binder. The Fully Cured system contains rubber binders which are are vulcanizedduring formulation or in subsequent processes for added initial strength and fluid resistance. Style 0N8092 excellent crush resistance at high flange pressures. For sealing oil, fuels, and water. Temperatures below 350ºF. Minimum tensile strength 1600 PSI.

STYLE N8090

STYLE N8092

NON-ASBESTOS MATERIALS


Non-Asbestos Gasket Materials

Plant Fibre Rubber Beater Saturated(Interface Solutions CS-301)Made from cellulose fibre, cork, and styrene butadiene rubber (SBR). A tendencyto swell moderately without disintegrating in water or oil makes this fibre sheet adependable seal in services not involving aromatic fuels and solvents. Tensile strength minimum 700 PSI. Temperatures to 300ºF.

Plant Fibre Buna-N Beater Saturated(Interface Solutions CN-705)Made from cellulose fibre, cork and Buna-N. It is generally suitable for oil, gasoline, and water services. Combines high compressibility and high crush strength. Tensile strengthminimum 1000 PSI. Temperatures to 300ºF.

STYLE 782

STYLE 783

NON-ASBESTOS MATERIALS


FIBERGLASS TAPE

Fiberglass tape (plain) withstands temperatures up to 1000ºF.Applications include wrapping steam tracer lines, hose, piping,tadpole tapes, gasketing, and curtains for high temperatureovens.

FOLDED NON-ASBESTOS TAPE

Folded non-asbestos tape. Woven fiberglass tacky cloth with brass wire inserted in both directions. Rated to 400ºF. Standardthicknesses: 1/8”, 3/16”, and 1/4”. Call for other possible thicknessesand widths.

Thickness Width Length1/16”1/16”1/16”

1”1 ½”2”

100’100’100’

1/16”1/16”1/8”

3”4”1”

100’100’100’

1/8”1/8”1/8”

1 ½”2”3”

100’100’100’

1/8” 4 100’

STYLE 912

TAPE CATALOG


CERAMIC FIBRE PAPER

STYLE 798

CERAMIC FIBRE PAPER

Paper is an alumino-silicate ceramic fiber based non-woven fabric. It is manufactured through a special paper-making process with high purity washed fibers.

Main Characteristics:

White color, light-weight, flexible, good handling strength and good uniformity Resists temperature as high 2300 degrees F, fire resistant

Low thermal conductivity, low heat storage, thermal shock resistant

Good dielectric strength

Excellent corrosion resistance (Resists most chemicals except hydrofluoric, phosphoric acids and concentrated alkalis)

Good for die-cut and automatic stamping

Chemical and Physical Data:

Density 10 lb/cu. ft.

Chemical Composition: A1203: 47% Total A1203 and Si02>9

Tensile Strength: 25 PSI

LOI: <9%

Working Temperature: 1,888 degrees F for Continuous Use: 2,300 degrees F Maximum


GASKETS & GASKET MATERIALS


GASKET DIMENSIONS


GLOSSARYGlossary

AA | Breakout friction

This glossary does not give all the definitions for a word, only those which apply to the use of the word as found in this manual. The reader should also refer to a standard English dictionary or consult factory for definitions of trademarks or special terms.

AA. Arithmetic Average. A term for surface finish measurement. It is the same as Ra and CLA, and is calculated by measuring the average deviation of surface irregularities from a mean line.

abrasion resistance. The property of a material which resists the cutting action of sharp edges or hard particles.

abrasive. 1. a substance which abrades the seal, such as sand or dirt. 2. Exerting a cutting action on the seal, such as sand or dirt. 2. Exerting a cutting action on the seal (e.g. a rough mating surface can be abrasive to the seal).

acrylonitrile-butadiene copolymers. Abbr. NBR. A family of copolymers ranging from about 18 to 50 % of acrylonitrile and sometimes including small amounts of a third monomer. The family includes the German materials Perbunan and Buna-N and the nitrile rubbers. These materials are known for excellent resistance to oils, fats and hydrocarbons such as motor fuels, making them useful for gaskets, abrasion linings, conveyor belts, and hoses for handling oils and fuels.

aging. 1. The process of, or the results of, exposure of plastics to natural or artificial environmental conditions for a prolonged period of time. 2. Refers to a degradation of material properties resulting from exposure to heat (heat aging) or chemicals.

aliphatic. The class of organic compounds such as petroleum and propane whose molecules have their carbon atoms linked in open chains and not arranged in a ring structure. Compare aromatic.

ambient temperature. The surrounding temperature of the environment, assumed to be 70ºF unless otherwise stated.

anneal. To subject a material (such as glass, plastic, etc.) to a process of heating and slow cooling in order to increase toughness, reduce brittleness, or improve dimensional stability.

aqueous. Pertaining to, similar to, containing, or dissolved in water; watery. Refers to media that are water-based, or aqueous solutions.

aromatic. Of, pertaining to, or containing the six-carbon ring characteristic of the benzene series or related organic groups. Also see aromatic hydrocarbon.

aromatic hydrocarbon. A hydrocarbon with a molecular structure involving one or more rings of six carbon atoms, and having properties similar to benzene, which is the simplest of the aromatic hydrocarbons. Other members of this family include many solvents for plastics.

autoclave. 1. A strong, pressurized, steam-heated vessel, used to establish special conditions for chemical reactions, for sterilization, and for cooking. 2. To subject a food-handling or medical instrument to sterilization in an autoclave to disinfect or sterilize the component.

bar. A unit of measure of pressure equal to 105 newtons per square meter of 0.987 standard atmospheres.

benzene. A clear, colorless, flammable liquid C6H6 derived from petroleum and used in, or to manufacture a wide variety of chemical products including detergents, insecticides, and motor fuels. Also called “benzol”. Also see hydrocarbon.

bidirectional. Operating in two directions at once, such s bidirectional pressure. A seal which is bidirectional can seal two different media, or media acting from two opposing directions, especially when the pressure differential switches from one side of the seal to the other.

blend. 1. To combine or mix so as to render the constituent parts indistinguishable from one another. 2. That which is blended, a mixture. Blend typically refers to a seal material made with a base resin such as PTFE compounded with fillers such as carbon or graphite.

breakout friction. The initial frictional force between two unmoving surfaces which must be overcome to get one surface into motion against the other.

GlossaryAA | Breakout friction

This glossary does not give all the definitions for a word, only those which apply to the use of the word as found in this manual. The reader should also refer to a standard English dictionary or consult factory for definitions of trademarks or special terms.

AA. Arithmetic Average. A term for surface finish measurement. It is the same as Ra and CLA, and is calculated by measuring the average deviation of surface irregularities from a mean line.

abrasion resistance. The property of a material which resists the cutting action of sharp edges or hard particles.

abrasive. 1. a substance which abrades the seal, such as sand or dirt. 2. Exerting a cutting action on the seal, such as sand or dirt. 2. Exerting a cutting action on the seal (e.g. a rough mating surface can be abrasive to the seal).

acrylonitrile-butadiene copolymers. Abbr. NBR. A family of copolymers ranging from about 18 to 50 % of acrylonitrile and sometimes including small amounts of a third monomer. The family includes the German materials Perbunan and Buna-N and the nitrile rubbers. These materials are known for excellent resistance to oils, fats and hydrocarbons such as motor fuels, making them useful for gaskets, abrasion linings, conveyor belts, and hoses for handling oils and fuels.

aging. 1. The process of, or the results of, exposure of plastics to natural or artificial environmental conditions for a prolonged period of time. 2. Refers to a degradation of material properties resulting from exposure to heat (heat aging) or chemicals.

aliphatic. The class of organic compounds such as petroleum and propane whose molecules have their carbon atoms linked in open chains and not arranged in a ring structure. Compare aromatic.

ambient temperature. The surrounding temperature of the environment, assumed to be 70ºF unless otherwise stated.

anneal. To subject a material (such as glass, plastic, etc.) to a process of heating and slow cooling in order to increase toughness, reduce brittleness, or improve dimensional stability.

aqueous. Pertaining to, similar to, containing, or dissolved in water; watery. Refers to media that are water-based, or aqueous solutions.

aromatic. Of, pertaining to, or containing the six-carbon ring characteristic of the benzene series or related organic groups. Also see aromatic hydrocarbon.

aromatic hydrocarbon. A hydrocarbon with a molecular structure involving one or more rings of six carbon atoms, and having properties similar to benzene, which is the simplest of the aromatic hydrocarbons. Other members of this family include many solvents for plastics.

autoclave. 1. A strong, pressurized, steam-heated vessel, used to establish special conditions for chemical reactions, for sterilization, and for cooking. 2. To subject a food-handling or medical instrument to sterilization in an autoclave to disinfect or sterilize the component.

bar. A unit of measure of pressure equal to 105 newtons per square meter of 0.987 standard atmospheres.

benzene. A clear, colorless, flammable liquid C6H6 derived from petroleum and used in, or to manufacture a wide variety of chemical products including detergents, insecticides, and motor fuels. Also called “benzol”. Also see hydrocarbon.

bidirectional. Operating in two directions at once, such s bidirectional pressure. A seal which is bidirectional can seal two different media, or media acting from two opposing directions, especially when the pressure differential switches from one side of the seal to the other.

blend. 1. To combine or mix so as to render the constituent parts indistinguishable from one another. 2. That which is blended, a mixture. Blend typically refers to a seal material made with a base resin such as PTFE compounded with fillers such as carbon or graphite.

breakout friction. The initial frictional force between two unmoving surfaces which must be overcome to get one surface into motion against the other.


Buna N – CNC |

Buna-N. See acrylonitrile-butadiene copolymers.

burnish. To polish, smooth, or make glossy as if by rubbing.

CAD. Computer Assisted Design.

Calcium silicate. Symbol: CaSIO³ (Wollastonite). A naturally occurring mineral found in metamorphic rocks, used as a reinforcing filler in polyester molding compounds, low-density polyethylene, and other thermosetting resins. It imparts smooth molded surfaces and low water absorption.

cantilever beam. A beam with one end projecting beyond the point of support, free to move in a vertical plane under the influence of vertical loads placed between the free end and the support.

cantilever beam spring. A type of spring used in seals. A metal strip stock is formed into a “V” shape which appears as two cantilever beams when viewed on the cross-section.

carbon fiber. An additive used in certain blends to increase wear resistance, extrusion resistance, and high-temperature capability.

cc/min. Cubic centimeters per minute.

CFC. Abbreviation for chlorofluorocarbon.

cgs. Centimeter-gram-second. Of relating to, or being a system of units based upon the centimeter as the unit of length, the gram as the unit of mass, and the mean solar second as the unit of time.

chamfer. 1. To cut off the edge or corner of; bevel. 2. A flat surface made by cutting off the edge or corner of something, such as the end of a shaft or entrance to a housing or bore.

chlorofluorocarbons. Chemicals containing only chlorine, fluorine, and carbon, eg. Freon®.

chrome plating. An electrolytic process of depositing chromium on metals either as a protection against corrosion or to increase the surface-wearing qualities. Also see hard chrome and thin-dense chrome.

chromium oxide. An extremely hard coating applied by a thermal-spray-coating process to improve wear resistance of moving parts.

CLA. Center Line Average. A type of surface finish measurement, the same as Ra and AA.

clearance fit. A condition where one mechanical part is fitted into another in such a way as to leave a small gap or clearance between the parts. Compare interference fit.

clearance-gap. See extrusion-gap.

clearance-seal. A type of seal which does not make direct positive contact with its mating surface. Typically there is a small clearance, ora series of clearances between the seal and its mating surface, which create pressure drops to reduce the flow of a fluid past the seal. Compare positive seal.

coating. A thin layer of material covering something else. Examples: a thin layer of metal applied to a shaft or bore surface to increase hardness and wear resistance, or a Teflon® coating for chemical compatibility or self-lubricating properties.

coefficient. A numerical measure of a physical or chemical property that is constant for a system under specified conditions.

coefficient of friction. The numerical constant expressing the ratio of the force required to overcome friction in order to slide an object along a surface, and the mass of that object. For example: a ten-pound mass resting on a specified surface and required 5 pounds of linear force to move it has a coefficient of friction of 0.5 on that surface.

CNC. Abbreviation for Computer Numerically Controlled. CNC refers to machining equipment where tool motion and spindle speeds are controlled by a computer program.

GLOSSARYBuna N – CNC |























Buna N – CNC |























Buna N – CNC |
























Cold drawn | Differential pressure

cold drawn. Drawn or pulled, as a wire through a die, without prior heating.

cold flow. Distortion of a material under load (such as a plastic seal molding itself to the shape of the gland due to media pressure). Also see creep.

cold work. The deliberate deformation of a metal at relatively low temperatures to improve strength or surface hardness.

compound. A combination of two or more elements or parts. Example: Tucson compounds are a combination of PTFE and various reinforcing agents such as glass, graphite, etc.

compression molding. The method of molding a material in a confined cavity by applying pressure and usually heat.

compression set. A permanent deformation, or set, resulting from compressive stress.

counterbore. A flat-bottomed, cylindrical recess, normally intended to permit the head of a fastening device, such as a bolt, to lie recessed in the part.

cpm. Cycles per minute. In reciprocating service a cycle includes one complete execution of the forward and backward stroke of a rod or piston. CPM designates the number of such cycles completed in one minute. Also see cycle rate.

cps. Cycles per second. Also see hertz.

creep. The time-dependent part of strain resulting from stress.

cross-section. 1. A section formed by a plane cutting through an object, usually at right angles to an axis. 2. A piece so cute or the graphic representation of such a piece.

CRS. Cold-rolled steel.

cryogenic. Of or relating to cryogenics. Cryogenic temperature typically refers to a very low temperature below about -200º F.

cryogenics. The science of low-temperature phenomena.

cycle rate. The rate at which a piston, rod or other device reciprocates, generally stated in cycles per minute (cpm) or cycles per second (ops or hertz).

dead volume. Also dead space. The unfilled area of a pump or seal cavity where air or other fluids can be trapped reducing the pump’s efficiency.

deflection. 1. The movement of a structure or structural part as a result of stress. 2. The deviation from zero shown by the indicator of ameasuring instrument.

degradation. A deleterious change in the chemical structure, physical properties, or appearance of a plastic.

degrees of rotation. The total number of radial degrees (typically between 0 and 360) that an oscillatory shaft moves in one direction before reversing its motion.

Delrinº. A registered trademark of E.I. Dupont for their acetal resins which are crystalline thermoplastic homopolymers made by polymerization of formaldehyde. They are characterized by high mechanical strength and rigidity, low friction, resistance to moisture, fuels, and solvents; and wear resistance in load-bearing applications.

diametral clearance. Also diametrical clearance. The gap between two cylindrical metal surfaces, measured as the difference between the diameter of the inner piece and the diameter of the cylinder in which it rides.

differential pressure. The difference in pressure from one side of a seal to the other. .

GLOSSARY


Dry service | Flange diameter

dry service. Dry means free from liquid or moisture; not wet, damp or moistened. In sealing applications, dry service refers to sealing with a lack of lubricating fluid, making a high-wear condition.

duty cycle. Duty refers to the work capability of a machine under specified conditions. The duty cycle is the frequency and duration of times that a piece of equipment is in operation, as opposed to sitting idle. Example: a pump operates 7 days per week, 35 times per day, for 3 minutes each time.

elastomer. 1. Any of various polymers having the elastic properties of natural rubber. 2. A macromolecular material that at room temperature returns rapidly to approximately its initial dimensions and shape after substantial deformation by a weak stress and release of the stress.

elongation. In tensile testing, elongation is the increase in length of a specimen at the instant before rupture occurs. Percent elongation is expressed as the increase in distance between two gauge marks at rupture, divided by the original distance between the marks, the quotient being multiplied by 100.

embrittlement. The condition of becoming brittle.

EP. See ethylene-propylene rubber.

EPA. Environmental Protection Agency. Responsible for developing and enforcing regulations concerning air quality, water quality, ozone protection, and related issues.

ethylene-propylene rubber. (EPR, EPM, EPDM) A group of elastomers obtained by the copolymerization of ethylene and propylene (EPM), or one of these two monomers and a third monomer such as diene (EPDM). Their properties are similar to those of natural rubber in many respects.

external-face seal. A face seal which handles pressures acting on the outside diameter of the seal.

extrusion. 1. Deformation of a seal material caused by forcing it into a gap in the hardware under pressure. Extrusion increases at higher temperatures but can be minimized by reducing the gap in the hardware or using a separate backup ring. 2. A molding process in which heated or unheated plastic is forced through a shaping orifice (a die) in one continuously formed shape, as in film, sheet, rod or tubing.

face seal. A seal working against two faces, usually compressed like a gasket on the top and bottom surfaces, e.g. when sealing the lid of a pressure vessel. Compare radial seal.

fatigue. Weakness in metal, wood or other material resulting from prolonged stress.

FDA. Food and Drug Administration. Responsible for developing and enforcing regulations concerning safety of foods, drugs, food-handling equipment, etc.

feet per minute. Abbr. fpm. The distance in feet traveled in one minute. Example: a piston with a 3 inch stroke, moving at a rate of 10 cpm has a surface speed of 5 fpm. Also see sfpm.

FEP. See fluorinated-ethylene propylene.

fill. A finely processed material (such as glass fiber, carbon, or graphite) added to a base-polymer resin (such as PTFE) to improve physical properties or performance. Also called a filler.

finish. See surface finish.

flange. A protruding rim, edge, rib or collar, as on a wheel or pipe shaft, used to strengthen an object, hold it in place, or attach it to another object.

flange diameter. The diameter of the outer edge of a flange.

GLOSSARY


Fluid | Hertz

fluid. A liquid, gas or any substance that is regarded as existing as a continuum characterized by low resistance to flow and the tendency to assume the shape of its container.

fluorinated ethylene propylene. Abbr. FEP. This member of the fluorocarbon family of plastics is a copolymer of tetrafluorethylene and hexafluoropropylene, processing most of the desirable properties of PTFE but having a melt viscosity low enough for processing in conventional thermoplastic molding or extrusion equipment.

fluorocarbons, or fluorocarbon resins. Thermoplastic resins chemically similar to the polyolefins, with all of the hydrogen atoms replaced with fluorine atoms. They are made from monomers composed only of fluorine and carbon. The main members of the fluorocarbon-resin family are polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), fluorinated-ethylene propylene (FEP), and polyhexafluoro-propylene.

fluoroelastomers. Elastomer compounds (such as Du Pont’s Viton®) containing fluorine, to improve corrosion resistance and high-temperature resistance.

fluoroplastics. The ASTM term for plastics based on polymers with monomers containing one or more atoms of fluorine or copolymers of such monomers, the fluorine-containing monomer(s) being in greatest amount by mass.

fluoropolymer. Another term for fluoroplastics.

foot-pound. A unit of torque equal to the work done by a force of one pound acting through a distance of one foot in the direction of the force of one pound acting through a distance of one foot in the direction of the force.

fpm. Feet per minute. A measurement of velocity in terms of the distance travelled in feet over a period one minute.

free height. The measured height of a spring in the unloaded, free state.

Freonº. A registered trademark of Du Pont for their trichloro-fluoromethane CCI³F (Freon 11) blowing agent for foam plastics; dichlorodifluoromethane CCI²F² (Freon 12) aerosol propellant and refrigerant; and other Freon compounds used for various purposes.

friction. A force tangential to the common boundary of two bodies in contact that resists the motion or tendency to motion of one relative to the other.

ft-lbs. See foot-pounds.

gasket. Any of a wide variety of seals or packages used between matched machine parts or around pipe joints to prevent the escape of agas or fluid.

gland. A general term used for various types of cavity into which a seal, bearing, or other item is installed. There are several types of seal

gm-cm. Gram-centimeter. A unit of torque.

graphite. A crystalline form of carbon with atoms arranged hexagonally, characterized by a soft, greasy feel. It occurs naturally, and is also produced synthetically by heating petroleum coke or other organic materials under controlled atmospheric conditions. In powder form, graphite is used as a lubricating filler for fluorocarbon resins.

groove. A narrow funnel or channel cut into the hardware to house the seal. Also see piston groove.

halocarbon plastics. A term listed by ASTM for polymers containing only carbon and one or more halogens.

halogenate. To treat or cause to combine with a halogen.

halogen. The elements fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, and astatine.

hardness. The relative resistance of a metal to denting, scratching, or bending. Hardness of metallic shafts is typically expressed as arelative value from the Rockwell C or Brinell hardness scales.

hertz. Abbr. Hz. A unit of frequency equal to one cycle per second.

GLOSSARY


High Modulus | Load

high-modulus. Refers to those materials having a relatively high modules of elasticity (more rigid, harder plastics such as PEEK), as compared to softer, more flexible seal or backup-ring materials such as Teflonº or Nylonº.

homopolymer. A polymer resulting from the polymerization of a single monomer; a polymer consisting substantially of a single type of repeating unit.

housing. A frame, bracket or box for holding or protecting a mechanical part. Examples: wheel housing, bearing housing, seal housing.

H²S. See hydrogen sulfide.

hydrocarbon. Any of numerous organic compounds, such as benzene and methane, that contain only carbon and hydrogen.

hydrogen sulfide. Symbol H²S. A colorless, flammable, poisonous compound having a characteristic rotten-egg odor, and used as a precipitator, purifier, and reagent. Also see sour gas.

hydrophobicity. The state of being antagonistic to, shedding, not tending to combine with, or incapable of dissolving in water. Refers to a material property-particularly of PTFE compounds-which prevents the formation of a fluid film on the surface of the material when sealing water-based media.

Hz. See hertz.

ID. Inside diameter. A measurement taken from a point on the inner wall surface of a circular object, along a straight line through the center of the object to a point on its opposite inner-wall surface.

interference. The dimensional intrusion of one mechanical part into another. See also interference fit, and seal interference.

interference fit. The condition whereby one part slightly oversized is fitted tightly into another. Example, a 1.000 inch pin pressed into a .998 inch hole has an interference fit of .002 inches. A seal installed in a gland usually has an interference fit. Compare clearance fit.

internal face seal. A face seal that handles pressure acting on the inside diameter of the seal.

Kalrez®. A registered trademark of E.I. Du Pont for their corrosion-resistant, high-temperature, perfluorinated elastomer compound.

Kel-F™. A trademark of 3M Corporation for their melt-processable fluoropolymer PCTFE. See Polychlorotrifluoroethylene.

key-way. A slot in a wheel hub or shaft for a key. The key connects the shaft to a rotary-drive mechanism.

kilogram. Abbr. kg. 1. The fundamental unit of mass in the international System, about 2.2046 pounds. 2. The force equal to a kilogram weight; that is, the product of a kilogram mass with the acceleration of gravity.

kilorad. One thousand rads.

Kynar®. A registered trademark of Pennwalt Corporation for their melt-processable fluoropolymer PVDF. See polyvinylidene fluoride.

leakage. Passage of a fluid medium or other material past a seal.

leakage rate. The rate at which a fluid medium or other material passes a seal.

line-to-line fit. Also called line-fit. An assembly where one part fits into another with a close sliding fit, without significant clearance or interference.

lip. Refers to the rim edge of a seal, especially at the point where sealing contact is formed against the mating surface.

load. The overall force to which a structure is subjected in supporting a weight or mass, or in resisting externally applied forces. Also see spring load.

GLOSSARY


Lubricant | Nylon

lubricant. Any of various usually oily liquids or solids, such as grease, machine oil, or graphite, that reduce friction, heat, and wear when applied as a surface coating to moving parts.

mating surface. The surface of a hardware component (such as a shaft, bore, etc.) that contacts the seal to prevent leakage. The qualities of the mating surface are important for their influence on seal performance.

media. The fluids or other substances being sealed. Plural or medium.

megarad. One million rads, a unit of radiation dosage.

melt-processable. Said of thermoplastics which are processable into final shapes by methods employing heat, such as extrusion, injection molding, and hot compression molding.

memory. The tendency of a material to return to its original shape after release of a load that caused a deformation.

metal-encased. Enclosed in a metallic shell. Refers to a seal or lip designs which are surrounded by a metal case that is press-fit into a housing.

meter. Abbr. m. The fundamental unit of length (equivalent to 39.37 inches) in the metric system.

metric. Designating, pertaining to, or using the metric system, a decimal system of weights and measures based on the meter as a unit length and the kilogram as a unit mass.

MIL-G-5514. Mil-G-5514F “Gland Design: Packings, Hydraulic General Requirements For” is the military specification which gives basic design criteria for seal glands in hydraulic equipment. All of the grooves specified are the solid (one-piece) style. The specification for O-ring-seal groove dimensions includes a list of standard sizes designated by dash numbers -006 through -460. The gland diameters vary slightly from standard inch-fractional sizes. Compare inch-fractional.

mks. Meter-kilogram-second. Of relating to, or being a system of units based upon the meter as the unit of length, the kilogram as the unit of mass, and the mean solar second as the unit of time.

mm. Abbreviation for millimeter. A unit of length equal to one thousandth of a meter or 0.0394 inch.

modulus of elasticity. The stress required to produce a given strain depends on the nature of the material under stress. The ratio of stress to strain, or the stress per unit strain, is called an elastic modulus of the material. The larger the elastic modulus, the greater the stress needed for a given strain. Also see high modulus.

molybdenum disulfide. Symbol: MoS² Also molybdic sulfide, molybdenum sulfide. A white, shiny crystalline material used as a lubricant in nylon, fluorocarbons and polystyrene to reduce wear and friction. It also acts as a strength-improving reinforcement.

monomer. A relatively simple compound, usually containing carbon and of low molecular weight, which can react to form a polymer by combination with itself or with other similar molecules or compounds.

MoS². See molybdenum disulfide.

MPa. Megapascal. One million pascals. See pascal.

newton. The unit of force which when, applied to a body having a mass of one kilogram gives it an acceleration of one meter per secondper second.

nitrile. Refers to nitrile rubber, an elastomeric (synthetic rubber) compound containing trivalent nitrogen (N³) in a cyanogen group. See also Buna-N.

nylon. Also Nylon®, originally a trademark word coined in 1938 by E.I. Du Pont. Any of numerous strong, tough, elastic, synthetic polyamide materials that are fashioned into fibers, filaments, bristles, sheets, rods, tubes, and so on, and used especially in textiles and plastics.

GLOSSARY


OD | Rad

OD. Outside diameter. A measurement taken from a point on the outer surface of a round object, along a straight line through the center of the object to a point on its opposite outer surface.

organic. Of, or designating carbon compounds.

Pa. See pascal.

pascal. The SI unit of pressure is one pascal, equal to one Newton per square meter. A related unit is one bar, defined as 105 Pa.

PEEK. See polyetheretheketone.

perfluorinated. Thoroughly or completely fluorinated. Fluorinate means to treat or case to combine with fluorine. A perfluorinated elastomer is a synthetic rubber enhanced by combining with fluorine, to produce a compound with better high-temperature properties and high corrosion resistance.

perfluoroalkoxy resins. Abbr. PFA. A class of melt-processable fluoroplastics in which perfluoroalkyl side chains are connected to the carbon-fluorine backbone of the polymer through flexible oxygen linkages. Introduced by Du Pont in 1972, PFA resins have the desirable properties typical of fluoroplastics plus superior creep resistance, and are more easily processed by extrusion and injection molding.

perfluoroeslastomer. Introduced by Du Pont in early 1977 under the trademark Kalrez®, this elastomer is said to combine the properties of a conventional fluoroeslastomer such as Du Pont’s Viton® with those of fluorocarbon plastics like PTFE. Applications include gaskets, O-rings, and other parts that must withstand temperatures to 550ºF, and have high resistance to chemicals and solvents..

polyamide. A compound characterized by more than one amide group, especially a polymeric amide (such as nylon).

polyetheretherketone. Abbr. PEEK. A high-modulus, high-temperature engineering thermoplastic. It has very good chemical compatibility, high strength and wear-resistance, making it an excellent backup ring or bearing material.

polyether sulfone. Abbr. PES. A high-temperature engineering thermoplastic consisting of repeating phenyl groups linked by thermally stable ether and sulfone groups. The material is highly wear-resistant, tough, rigid, strong, has outstanding long-term resistance to creep, and is capable of being used continuously under load at temperatures of 358ºF, and higher in low-stress applications.

Polyhexafluoropropylene. A fluorocarbon resin based on the gas C³F5. It can be copolymerized with tetrafluoroethylene to form the FEP family of fluorocarbons.

polyimide. A highly-temperature thermoplastic with excellent wear properties, and excellent strength and rigidity.

polymer. A chemical compound or mixture of compounds formed by polymerization and consisting essentially of repeating structural units.

polymerization. A chemical reaction in which two or more small molecules combine to form larger molecules that contain repeating structural units of the original molecules.

press-fit. An assembly of mechanical components whereby one piece, due to dimensional interference with another piece, fits so tightly that it must be pressed into place with some force. Also called interference fit. Compare clearance fit and line-to-line fit.

pressure. The application of continuous force by one body upon another that it is touching; compression.

pressure-actuated. Put into action or motion by means of pressure. Refers to the seal design feature whereby the sealing lips are forced against the mating surface by the action of fluid pressure.

psi. Pounds per square inch. A unit of measure for pressure acting on an area.

qc. Quality control.

rad. A unit of energy absorbed from ionizing radiation, equal to 100 ergs per gram of irradiated material.

GLOSSARY


Radial | Shaft seal

radial. 1. Radiating from or converging to a common center. 2. Moving or directed along a radius. Refers to a line from the center of a rod, shaft, or other part outwards in the radial direction. Compare axial.

radial clearance. Also called E-gap, or extrusion-gap. It is the distance of a gap normally equal to 1 / 2 the diametral clearance, although it can be greater (up to the full diametral clearance) due to sideloading, and depending on the quality of bearings or bushings. See also diametral clearance.

radial envelope. The total radial space available to the seal designer for placement of a seal assembly in the hardware.

radial interference. The dimensional interference of a seal in relation to the mating surfaces of the seal gland as measured across one radial cross-section.

radial seal. A seal that is compressed in the radial direction, such as a rod or piston seal, as opposed to a face seal which is compressed in the axial direction.

radius. A line segment that joins the center of a circle with any point on its circumference.

reciprocate. To move back and forth alternately. Reciprocate usually refers to a linear back-and-forth motion, while oscillate refers to arotary back-and-forth motion.

retainer. Any device that holds a mechanical part (such as a seal or a bearing) in a particular place or position.

RMS. Root-mean-square. A measure of surface roughness. The term RMS, while continuing in use, is actually obsolete per ANSI B46 standard on surface texture. The modern term is Rq.

Rockwell hardness test. The Rockwell hardness tester is essentially a machine that measures hardness by determining the depth of penetration of a penetrator into the specimen under certain fixed conditions of test. The penetrator may be either a steel ball or a diamond sphero-conical point. The hardness number is related to the depth of indentation and the number is higher the harder the material.

rod. A slender, straight round bar. A rod is the same as a shaft. However, the term “rod” is typically used to refer to a reciprocating part, while “shaft” is used to refer to a rotary part.

rod seal. A seal mounted in a housing and having a dynamic mating surface against a reciprocating rod.

rotary. Of, pertaining to, causing, or characterized by rotation.

rotation. Motion in which the path of every point in the moving object is a circle or circular arc centered on a specified axis, especially on an internal axis. Example: the rotation of the earth.

rpm. Revolutions per minute. Unit of measure for rotary motion, designating the number of complete revolutions of an object over a period of one minute.

rq. Geometric-average roughness, or Root Mean Square (RMS) is the geometric-average height of roughness-component irregularities measured within a sampling length on a mechanical part. It is more sensitive to occasional highs and lows than Ra.

RTV. Room Temperature Vulcanizing. Refers to RTV silicone-gel two-component compounds. One component (a liquid or paste) cures with the addition of a second compound (a curing agent) to a strong, durable, resilient silicone-rubber.

Ryton®. A registered trademark of Phillips Petroleum Company for their PPS organic polymer. See polyphenylene sulfide.

seal cross-section. The nominal distance from a point on the ID of a seal, along a radius to a point on the OD of the seal. Example: the 100 series seal has a nominal 3/32 inch cross-section.

set. Strain remaining after complete release of the force producing the deformation. When a spring or seal “takes a set” it no longer returns to 100 % of its original free height.

shaft seal. A seal mounted in a housing and having a dynamic contact surface against a rotary shaft.

GLOSSARY


Sideload | U-cup

sideload. Force applied to one side of a rod or shaft, which tends to movie it out of true alignment. Depending on the amount of sideload, it may distort the seal, interfere with sealing contact, cause leakage, or contribute to excessive wear.

silicone. Any of a group of semi-organic polymers based on the structural unit R²SiO where R is an organic group, characterized by wide-range thermal stability, high lubricity, extreme water repellance, and physiochemical inertness, used in adhesives, lubricants, protective coatings, paints, electrical insulation, synthetic rubber, and prosthetic replacements for bodily parts.

sour gas. Gas containing hydrogen sulfide, encountered in some oil-well-drilling operations. Usually combined with high temperatures and pressures in deep wells, it has corrosive effects on certain metals, elastomers, and plastics.

Static. Having no motion; at rest. Refers to a condition where no relative motion occurs between a seal and its mating surface, as opposed to dynamic.

stress. An applied force or system of forces that tends to strain or deform a body.

surface finish. The texture produced by the last treatment or coating on the surface of an object, especially on the mating surface contacted by the seal.

Teflon®. A registered trademark of Du Pont for their fluoropolymer resins, films and fibers. The Teflon trademark is used in conjunction with three fluoropolymers, PTFE, PFA, and FEP.

temperature range. The temperature range of an application includes all operating temperatures from lowest to highest that a seal will be subjected to in actual service. The temperature range of a material or a device includes all temperatures at which the material or device is capable of functioning properly.

tensile. Of or pertaining to tension, the act of stretching or the condition of being stretched.

TFM. A variation of polytetrafluoroethylene with improved properties for special applications. It has the same friction, thermal, chemical, and electrical properties as PTFE, but lower deformation under load, and better wear-resistance.

thermal spray coatings. Various types of thermal-spray processes and used to deposit extremely hard and wear-resistant metal-oxide, carbide, or ceramic coatings on critical parts (such as rotary-shafts). The coating materials are typically heated to very high temperatures and sprayed at high velocity. Also see plasma-spray coating, tungsten carbide, aluminum oxide, and chromium oxide.

thermoplastic. 1. Becoming soft when heated and hardening when cooled. 2. A thermoplastic resin, such as polystyrene or polyethylene, which repeatedly can be softened by heating and hardened by cooling, and in the softened state can be shaped by flow into articles by molding or extrusion.

thermoplastic elastomer. Abbr. TPE. A class of material combining the properties of elastomers with engineering thermoplastics.

thermoset. A plastic that, after having been cured by heat or other means, is substantially infusible and insoluble.

thermosetting. Permanently hardening or solidifying on being heated, said of certain synthetic resins.

tolerance. The permissible deviation from a specified value of a structural dimension. Example: A shaft with a 1.000 +/- .002 inch diameter can measure anywhere from 0.998 to 1.002 inches and be considered within tolerance.

torque. Torque is defined as the movement of a force, a measure of its tendency to produce torsion and rotation about an axis, equal to the vector product of the radius vector from the axis of rotation to the point of application of the force, by the force applied.

torsion. 1. The act of twisting or turning. 2. The condition of being twisted or turned. 3. The stress caused when one end of an object is twisted in one direction and the other end is held motionless or twisted in the opposite direction.

TPE. See thermoplastic elastomer.

U-cup. A seal configuration roughly resembling a “U” shape when viewed on the cross-section.

GLOSSARY


UHMWPE | Wear pattern

UHMWPE. Also UHMWP. See ultrahigh-molecular-weight polyethylene.

µin. Microinch(es). A microinch is one millionth of an inch.

ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene. Abbr. UHMWP or UHMWPE, a polyethylene resin having a molecular weight of 3.2 to 6 million. The properties of UHMWPE include outstanding abrasion resistance, a nonstick surface, and excellent chemical compatibility.

µm. Micrometer(s). A micrometer is one millionth of a meter.

vacuum. Containing air or gas at reduced pressure, typically less than atmospheric.

vapor pressure. The pressure of vapor in equilibrium or solid at any temperature is called the vapor press substance at that temperature.

virgin material. A plastic material in the form of pellets, granules, powder, or liquid that has not been subjected to use or processing other than that required for its initial manufacture.

viscosity. The property of resistance of flow exhibited within the body of a material.

Viton®. A registered trademark of Du Pont for a series of fluoroelastomers used as gaskets, O-rings, oil seals, etc. Valuable properties include high-temperature capability and resistance to steam, hot water and chemicals.

vulcanize. To improve the strength, resiliency, and freedom from stickiness and odor of (rubber) by combining with sulfur or other additives in the presence of heat and pressure.

wear life. The service life of a seal or other device during which the critical components eventually wear away.

wear pattern. A distinguishing set of marks or other evidences of wear obtained over a period of time in service, which reveal a pattern ofstresses applied to a seal, bearing, or other device.

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GLOSSARY

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