gaseous state theory_e
TRANSCRIPT
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"dmcasnoudmrpnysajs.ac" =
JN@DAZUWQ
KMZ@IPZ ZUMU@
Actrieujtaic .=: =25 k
[`aknt if mar easphmj`e 4 :
6
=2
=25=127.= 4 027.> =25 k
Rmy hime 4 wt. if mar easphmj`e (wt. if gmhhiic + wt. if kms) Rmy hime 4 027.> =25 ;>.=: =25 4575.6; =25 k
Kmy-hussmjs hmw
JN@DAZUWQ
@qumtaic if Ztmt` ; jmh/dih` 74 2.2> Hmtd/O/dih` =/=7
@xmdph`-== Zid` spn`rajmh gmhhiics `mjn if vihud` 7 hatr` mr ti g` fahh e watn nyerik`c kms mt ic` mtd & 7;J
frid m jyhace`r if vihud` 5 hatr`s. Un` pr`ssur` if tn` N7
kms acsae` tn` jyhace`r as 72 mtd mt =7;J.
Face cudg`r if gmhhiics wnajn jmc g` fahh`e usack tnas jyhace`r. Mssud` tnmt t`dp`rmtur` if tn`
jyhace`r as 7;J.
Zihutaic < Ci. if dih`s if kms tmo`c acatamhhy 4522W
572
4 7.5: H
Ci. if dih`s if kms h`ft ac jyhace`r 4:22W
5=
4 2.=67H
Ci. if dih`s if kms ti g` fahh`e ac gmhhiics 4 7.5: 2.=67 4 7.76>
H`t w` nmv` 'c' gmhhiics tnmt w` jmc fahh
Ci. if dih`s if kms tnmt jmc g` fahh`e ac = gmhhiic 4:222>7.2
7= 4 2.2>=
2.2>= c 4 7.76>c 4 7> gmhhiics.
Emhtics hmw if pmrtamh pr`ssur` .>6 jd Mcs.
6. Mc ip`c jictmac r if vihud` V jictmacs mar mt t`dp rmtur` 7;J ir :22 O.Un` jictmac`r as n`mt e ti sujn m
t`dp`rmtur` si tnmt mdiuct if kms jidack iut as 7/: if
(m)mdiuct if kms acatamhhy pr`s`ct ac tn` jictmac`r.
(g) mdiuct if kms facmhhy r`dmacack ac tn` jictmac`r.Face tn` t`dp`rmtur` ti wnajn tn` jictmac`r sniuhe g` n`mt`e.
Zih. (m) N`r` , R & V mr` jicstmct, c & U mr` jnmckack. H`t, acatamhhy tn` mdiuct if kms pr`s`ct g` c & t`dp
as 7;J ir :22O. Facmhhy mdiuct if kms pr`s`ct ac jictmac`r 4 c :
7c 4
c
:
=& facmh t`dp. g` U.U.
Un`c usack c=U=4 c7U7, w` nmv`,
c :22 4:
c U7U74 122O
a.`., facmh t`dp 4122O Mcs.
Zih. (g) H`t tn r` g` x dih`s if kms r`dmacack ac tn` jictmac r,:7 if x jid` iut
(x +:
7x) 4 c
:
x04 cx 4
0
c:
Psack c=U=4 c7U7 c :22 O 4 0c:
U7
U74 022Ofacmh t`dp`rmtur 4 022 O Mcs.
;. Face tn` haftack piw`r if m =22 hatr` gmhhiic fahh`e watn N` mt ;:2 dd mce 70J. (E`csaty if mar 4 =.70 k /H).
Zih. Zacj`, RV 4 cWU
RV 4D
[WU [ 4
WU
RVD4
;62
;:2
71>2>7.2
5=22
k
a.`., [t. if N` 4 =0.;7 k
[t. if mar easphmj`e 4 =22 =.70 k/H 4 =70 k
Haftack piw`r if tn` gmhhiic 4 =70 k =0.;7 k 4=21.7> k Mcs.
>. M w`mtn`r gmhhiic fahh`e watn nyerik`c mt = mtd mce :22 O nms vihud` `qumh ti =7222 hatr`s. Ic msj`ceack at
r`mjn`s m phmj` wn`r` t`dp`rmtur` as 702 O mce pr`ssur` as 2.0 mtd. Un` vihud` if tn` gmhhiic as (kav`c) ......... (=)
gut7I
k
r
r4
7/=
k
I
D
D7
(d`mc dihmr dmss if izicaz`e ixyk`c 4 Dk)
Fird(=)2.1> 4kD
:7
(2.1>)7 4kD
:7 Dk4 71>.2
:74 ::.:7
H`t % if I:g` x % I74 (=22 x) ac izicaz`e ixyk`c.
=22 :7x=22x5> 4 ::.:7
:722 + =6x 4 ::.:7 x 4=6
=:74 >.70 %
a.`. % if I:4 >.70 % Mcs.
=;. (a)Jmhjuhmt` tn` pr`ssur` `x`rt e gy =27: kms dih`juh`s, `mjn dmss =277 k ac m jictmac`r if vihud` ic`
hatr`. Un` rds v`hijaty as =20 jd/s`j.
(aa)[nmt as tn` titmh oac`taj `c`rky (ac jmh) if tn`s` pmrtajh`s 9
(aaa)[nmt dust g` tn` t`dp`rmtur` 9
Zih. (a)N`r` C 4 =27: dih`juh`s d 4 =277k , V 4 =H 4 =222 jd:
rds v`hijaty 4 =2
0
jd/s`jice
RV 4:
=Cd 7P
R 4:
=Cd 7P
4 :jd=222:
=
=27: =277k (=20)7jd7/s7
4:.:: =2; eyc`/jd7 Mcs.
(aa)Uitmh O . @ if tn` dih`juh`s
4
7
=Cd 7P
47
= =27: =270 ok (=2:d/s)7
47
L=22224 0222 L ==10.2 Jmh Mcs.
(aaa)Mvk O . @ if ic` dih`juh` 47
=d 7P 4 7
:oU
U 4:
=
o
Pd 7
4
:
=
:=5.>
=227:.6s/d=2Ok=2 7:7:70
O
CM
Wo
475=5.> O Mcs.
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"dmcasnoudmrpnysajs.ac" ::
JN@DAZUWQ
=>. Af fir twi kms`s if dih`juhmr w`aknts DM mce DG mt t`dp`rmtur` UM mce UG ? UMDG 4 UGDM, tn`c wnajn
prip`rty nms tn` smd` dmkcatue` fir gitn tn` kms`s.
(M) E`csaty (G) Rr`ssur` (J) O@ p`r dih (E) WDZ sp``e
Zih. Kav`c tnmt UMDG4 UGDM M
M
D
U4
G
G
D
U
Gut, r.d.s. 4D
WU:
r.d.sM 4M
M
D
WU:& r.d.sG 4
G
G
D
WU:
r.d.sM 4 r.d.sGMcs. (E)
=1. At nms g``c jicsae`r e tnmt eurack tn` firdmtaic if `mrtn N7kms wms mvmahmgh` mt tn` `mrtn. Gut eu` ti tn`
`xj`ssav` n`mt ic tn` `mrtn tnas nme g``c `sjmp`e. [nmt wms tn` t`dp`rmtur` if `mrtn eurack ats firdmtaic9
(Un` `sjmp` v`hijaty as =.= x =26 jd/s)
Zih. @sjmp` v`hijaty if N7sniuhe g` `qumh ti mv`rmk` v`hijaty if N7.
Mvk v`hijaty if N74 =.= =26 jd/s 4 =.= =25 d/s
Gut, mvk. v`hijaty 4D
WU>
=.= =25 4 :=27
U:=5.>>
ok=27k7D :N7
U 4
:=5.>>
=27=2=.= :75
O 4 ==5:2.0 O 4===0;.0iJ Mcs.
72. Pce`r jratajmh stmt`s if m kms fir ic` dih` if m kms, jidpr`ssagahaty fmjtir as
(M) >
:
(G) :
>
(J) = (E) 5
=
Zih. Fir = dih` if kms \ 4J
JJ
WU
VR(Pce`r jratajmh jiceataic)
Gut, RJ 4 7g7;
m, VJ 4 :g , UJ 4 Wg7;
m>
\ 4
7g7;
m
W
g:
m>
Wg7;4
>
:
Mcs. (M)
7=. Ic` hatr` if ixyk`c kms as pmss`e tnriukn m izicaz`r & tn` facmh vihud` if tn` daxtur` g`jid`s >72 dh. Af
tnas daxtur` as pmss`e tnriukn iah if turp`ctac . Face tn` facmh vihud` if kms r dmacack.
Zih. Un` r`mjtaic tnmt tmo`s phmj` ac izicaz`r ms :I7 7I:.
Af Vdh if I7iut if =222 dh as izicaz`e tn`c vih if I:igtmac`e 4 :
7V
Facmh vih if izicaz`e ixyk`c
4 (=222 V +:
7V) dH 4 >72 dH
=222 :
=V 4 >72
:
V4 =>2 V 4 052
I7r`dmacack 4 (=222 052) dH ( I:as mgsirg`e ac iah if turp`ctac`)4562 dH Mcs.
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