gas/electric partnership - cat offshore emissions ...gas generation comparison 18 hp) hp) no x (50.4...
TRANSCRIPT
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OFFSHORE EMISSIONS & TEC NOLOGY
Micki J. JainProduct Definition Manager – Offshore
Global PetroleumHouston, Texas
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OFFSHORE EMISSIONS & TECHNOLOGY SCR GAS
ENGINES
OFFSHORE EMISSIONS & TECHNOLOGYOFFSHORE EMISSIONS & TECHNOLOGY
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Page 3Page 3
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Agenda OverviewEmission Regulations for Offshore
• Applicability• International Maritime
Organization (IMO)• US Emission Control
AreasTechnologies
• Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR)
• Gas Engines• Dual Fuel
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Applicability of Regulations
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IMO – International NOx Regulation for Vessels, from NOx Technical Code MEPC58
•IMO II Diesel engines over 130 kW installed on vessels engaged in international voyages with Keel laid onor after 1/1/2011.
• Applies to any diesel engine over 130 kW that undergoes a “major conversion” on or after 1 January, 2011.A major conversion is:
–The engine is replaced*.
–Any substantial modification exceeding emissions.
–Rating Increase 10%.
The regulation does not apply to emergency engines. Also, all engines solely dedicated to the exploitationof sea bed minerals are exempt from IMO requirements (Regulation 3 of Annex 5, Formerly Regulation 19)
*An exact replacement is allowed. Engines which are not exact, must be upgraded to IMO standard ineffect at the time of replacement.
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IMO I & II & III Emissions Limits
•IMO II, NOx = 44 x N-0.23 Where N is rated RPM
–Effective Jan 1, 2011
•IMO III, NOx = 9 x N-0.20 Where N is rated RPM
–** Effective Jan 1, 2016
•Effective date refers to date ship’s keel laid
•**Note: Applies only within designated Emissions Control Areas (ECA) zones
02468
1012141618
0 250 500 750 1000 1250 1500 1750 2000 2250 2500 2750 3000
IMO I
IMO II
IMO III
9.84 g/kw-hr
NOx (g/kw-hr)
RPM
7.66 g/kw-hr
1.96 g/kw-hr
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North America IMO III NECA zoneFrom EPA
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USA NECA Zone is now in effect, August 2012 http://www.epa.gov/oms/oceanvessels.htm#emissioncontrol
IMO Tier III NOx Emissions limits take effect for all vessels with keels laid 1/1/2016 when operating in the zone
Fuel Sulfur limits are now in effect in the NECA zone.
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Outer Continental Shelf (OCS) Regions
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Additional EPA requirements for OCS regions
Who?– Drillships, jack up rigs, platforms that attach to the sea floor, regardless of flag
What?– Marine propulsion engines and auxiliaries must meet current stationary engine standards
(NSPS & NESHAP) in certain geographic locations (See OCS regions below)– (Reasonably Available Control Technology)
– EPA has Prevention of Significant Deterioration (PSD) for these regions• Adopted stationary regulations (1992) to keep attainment areas from deteriorating into
non-attainmentWhere?– East of 87.5 degree longitude in US Gulf– Offshore regions of Alaska
When?– This regulation has been in place since 1992– NESHAP 2013, Tier 4i is current RACT
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Diesel NSPS Limits and NESHAP
Diesel NSPS limits currently are at Nonroad Tier 4i for non emergency engines < 2237 bkW, Tier 2 for engines > 2237 bkW and < 15L/cyl– Marine limits for engines >15L cyl < 30L cyl (C280)
NESHAP has myriad of service interval and maintenance requirements, and latest addition of the rule 40CFR63 subpart ZZZZ would have required a DOC
– Due to comments from the EMA and Industry, EPA has re-opened the proposed rule to public comment prior to November 2, 2012.
– EPA’s proposed rule would require only maintenance practice and no DOC.
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EMISSIONS TECHNOLOGY
SCR
Selective Catalytic Reduction
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Selective Catalytic Reduction
Advantages: •Highly efficient (removes up to 95% NOx)
•Can be turned on and off for varying emissions standards
•Engine optimized fuel economy
•Proven emissions solution
•No new engine components to require maintenance
•No additional equipment required for tier 4 final emissions levels
How it works: •Process by which oxides of nitrogen (NOx) contained in diesel exhaust are reduced to nitrogen (N2) and water (H20)
•Requires diesel exhaust fluid (DEF)
•Airless or Air assisted DEF injection system
•Exhaust flows through a Clean Emissions Module to eliminate NOx
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SCR System Overview
Urea Tank
DEFCompressed AirWire Harness
Dosing Cabinet
Air Compressor*
Urea Transfer Pump
Clean Emissions Module
*Images Shown Not to Scale
*In most applications
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Offshore Drilling Installation with SCR
SCR Top View
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EMISSIONS TECHNOLOGY
SCR
GAS ENGINES
Gas Engines
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Emissions, Noise, Water, Local RegulationsIncreasingly challenging emissions regulationsEnvironmental concern and activism in existing and prospective oil and gas areas
NAAQS limits are changingNO2 and Ozone limits
Flaring LegislationIncreasing costs of Diesel fuel
Utilizing natural gas offers quick payback by offsetting diesel cost with low cost gas
Main Drivers for Natural Gas Use in Power Generation
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Comparison
3 X 1356 kW (1818 hp)
3 X 1,101 kW (1476 hp)
•Total NOx 22.86 kg/hr (50.4 lb/hr )
•Total PM .08 kg/hr (.18 lb/hr)
•Total NOx 2.72 kg/hr (6lb/hr)
•Total PM 0 kg/hr
Diesel Gas
Reduce NOx by 88.1%, PM by 100%
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CATERPILLAR EMISSIONS TECHNOLOGY
SCR
Dual Fuel Engines
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Dual Fuel: Technology
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Dual Fuel: How it works
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Dual Fuel: EmissionsNOx limit values according to IMO II:– 10.53 g/kWh (n = 500
rpm)Main Engine: diesel electric drive:– 10.0 g/kWh
Auxiliary genset: – 10.0 g/kWh
NOx limit values according to IMO III:– 2.59 g/kWh (n = 500
rpm)Gas mode– 2.50 g/kWh
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Key Take AwayNeed for awareness of different types of
regulations depending on location and application
Different technologies available to address these regulations
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Thank You