gary hegland associate research fellow small urban & · pdf filegary hegland associate...
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Gary HeglandAssociate Research Fellow
Small Urban & Rural Transit CenterNorth Dakota State University
Fargo, North Dakota
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What is our primary purpose in
conducting training in the transit
environment?
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“What I hear, I forget;What I see, I remember;But what I do I understand.”
-Confucius, 451 BC
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0 20 40 60 80 100
Read
Hear
See
Hear & See
Say
Say & Do
Retention
Retention
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For teaching—Knowledge ◦ To facilitate a good discussion& disseminate
information
For training—Skill ◦ To demonstrate the proper techniques
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1___________________________2.___________________________3.___________________________4.___________________________5.___________________________6.___________________________7.___________________________8.___________________________9.___________________________10.__________________________
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Know your subject and prepare wellProvide relevant instructionCreate a safe learning environmentUse a variety of teaching methodsEvaluate constructivelyBe sensitive to individual concerns and responsive to feedback
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Listening
Evaluation
Variety
Knowledge & Preparation
Relevance
Safety
Interactivity
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◦ The Six P’s of an Effective Presentation
Proper Presentation and Practice, Prevents Poor Performance
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“People are born with intrinsic motivation, self-esteem, dignity, curiosity to learn, joy in learning.”
-Dr. Edwards Deming
Why have we lost it?-Taught primary by lecture-Taught in extremely large groups-Tested, threatened & shamed…
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1. As a person matures, his/her self-concept moves from that of a dependent personality toward one of a self-directing human being.
2. An adult accumulates a growing reservoir of experiences, which is a rich resource for learning.
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3. The readiness of the adult to learn is closely related to the developmental task of his/her social role.
4. There is a change in time perspective as people mature from future application of knowledge to immediacy of application. An adult is more problem-centered than subject-centered in learning.
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Self-directedConditioned by life experienceProblem-centeredMotivated by self-interest
If adults recognize that a learning activity is relevant and will benefit them in a tangible way, they will set aside their resistance to learning.
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Make certain that what we teach our students will further their
personal or professional goals
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Create an environment where adult learners feel comfortable & safe…or they will
◦ Fight◦ Flee◦ Freeze
If any of this happens…there will be no learning
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Discuss handouts
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* Demonstration* Simulation* Anecdotes & scenarios* Writing exercise* Small group discussion* Interactive lecture* Audio/visual
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Is the most common teaching method◦ take your time
◦ be thorough
◦ you must pace yourself
◦ allow time for practice
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Is an exercise in duplication
Role playing
An airplane simulator
Wheel chair tie-down
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Anecdotes: describes a real-life situation that sheds light on the instructional material
Scenarios: convey information & test knowledge
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Effective way to get students to organization their thoughts
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To conduct group discussion you must understand the principle of group dynamics
Forming◦ The initial stage when members come together
Storming◦ When the participants recognize the value of the session
Norming◦ When individual issues are resolve & individuals start working
togetherPerforming
◦ Final stage, the group functions as a unit and they work together productively
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This promotes involvement by:Prepare thoroughly, use note cards, do not readSpeak loud, clear, slowly so everyone understandsAvoid turning your back to the audienceDon’t create or allow distractionsUse body movement to keep people’s attention & focusPay attention to group dynamicsHave fun, but be instructive.
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The skills of seeking an interactive audience
Encourage interaction and questionsRespond very well to the first questionObserve non-verbal behaviorRemind group there is no stupid questionParaphrase question before answeringPause after calling for questionsNever ask for questions just prior to breaksDon’t imply that you are rushed for time!
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Videos & PowerPoint presentations must be high qualityDon’t put all your information in the PowerPoint and read to the classChose videos that are relevant, innovative, visually pleasing, and memorable
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GuidelinesBe objective, don’t favor friendsUse the C-R-C Method
give one or two Commendations then one or two Recommendations finally a strong Commendation
Display honesty & sincerity Regardless of quality,
be professional build confidenceshow respect
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Even instructors have 2 ears and 1 mouthBe prepared to hear some criticismEncourage feedback to improve your performanceConsider conversation, body language, and innuendos
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There are six principles to effective to professional trainingMake presentation relevant and problem solvingCreate and environment conducive to learning
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Always use more than one method of teaching in every teaching situation.Be honest, careful & constructive in your evaluationsListen to your students