Gardening without harmful invasive plantsA guide to plants you can use in place of invasive non-nativesSupported by:

2 GARDENING WITHOUT HARMFUL INVASIVE PLANTS 3A PLANTLIFE / RHS GUIDE

Gardening without harmful invasive plants

With over 70,000 plants to choose from and with new varieties being

introduced each year, it is no wonder we are a nation of gardeners.

However, a few plants can cause you and our environment problems.

These are known as invasive non-native plants. Although they

comprise a small minority of all the plants available to buy for your

garden, the impact they can have is extensive and may be irreversible.

Around 60% of the invasive non-native plant species damaging our

natural habitats originate from gardens and garden ponds.

Some invasive non-native plants might be

straightforward for you to keep in check in your

garden or garden pond if you can tend to them

frequently, but in the wider countryside, where

such pruning and weeding effort is not feasible,

these plants can cause problems for native plants

and animals. Trying to get rid of problem plants

from natural habitats, especially important nature

conservation sites, is expensive and diffi cult.

Often complete eradication of such plants from the

wild becomes impossible, and many hundreds of

thousands of pounds are spent each year in an effort

to limit their spread.

Other invasive non-native plants can cause you diffi culties too. They

may quickly outgrow their space or become entrenched so that no

matter how hard you try to eliminate them, and regardless of how

much of your fl ower bed is dug up, new shoots may keep on appearing.

At the moment, many invasive plants are still available to buy from

garden centres, aquatics centres and other plant retailers. Cuttings

from a friend’s garden may be taken from invasive plants.

Make sure you know what you are buying and take

care before giving or accepting cuttings!

These websites provide more information about invasive

plants that you may have in your garden or pond and

how to remove them if you wish to:

Plantlife - www.plantlife.org.uk

Royal Horticultural Society - www.rhs.org.uk

Non-Native Species Secretariat - www.nonnativespecies.org

Alternatively, you can contact Plantlife on 01722 342730.

This guide, produced by the wild plant conservation charity

Plantlife and the Royal Horticultural Society, can help you choose

plants that are less likely to cause problems to the environment

should they escape from your garden. Even the most diligent

gardener cannot ensure that their plants do not escape over the

garden wall (as berries and seeds may be carried away by birds or

the wind), so we hope you will fi nd this helpful.

There are laws surrounding invasive

non-native plants. Dumping unwanted

plants, for example in a local stream or

woodland, is an offence. Government also

has powers to ban the sale of invasive

plants. At the time of producing this

booklet there were no sales bans, but it

is worth checking on the websites below

to fi nd the latest legislation that may be

relevant to you:

Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs - www.defra.gov.uk

Scottish Government -

www.scotland.gov.uk/invasivespecies

An unsuspecting sheep fl ounders in a river. Invasive Floating Pennywort can cause water to appear as solid ground.

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4 GARDENING WITHOUT HARMFUL INVASIVE PLANTS 5A PLANTLIFE / RHS GUIDE

Symbols under each plant highlight particular conditions the plant requires (for example, wet, dry, acid or alkaline soils, or full sun). Plants able to grow in shade are also indicated. A plant with no symbols is able to cope with a broad range of conditions. The index at the back of this booklet provides full details of each plant’s cultivation tolerances.

Tolerant of shade

/ low light levels

Fine autumncolours

Submergedaquatic plant

Needs sun

Bears ornamental

fruit

Floatingaquatic plant

Needs acid conditions

Windbreak

Bog gardenplant

Needs alkaline conditions

Structural feature or screening/

hedging

Marginal / emergent

aquatic plant

Needs drier soils

Berries for birds

Needs wetter soils

Nectar source

Attractive fl owers

Provides shelter/cover

for wildlife

Attractive foliage

Groundcover plants 6

Naturalising plants (including bulbs) 10

Architectural plants 15

Climbers / Plants to cover walls 19

Shrubs 23

Trees 30

Plants for wildlife 33

Plants for ponds and bog gardens 38

Cultivation chart & index 45

How to use this guide

Much of the fun of growing plants comes from the reward of

beautiful fl owers, scents or foliage. Your choice of plants will often

also refl ect what you want a plant to do – such as provide nectar

to bees and butterfl ies, be able to thrive in a boggy area of your

garden, or provide a screen to separate one area from another.

Invasive plants have sometimes been used in the past for those

diffi cult areas of your garden – a particularly exposed patch, for

example, or where a bare wall needs to be covered quickly. Meanwhile

plants for other aspects of gardening, like summer bedding plants,

are unlikely to be invasive. This booklet covers those areas of the

garden where, traditionally, invasive plants have most been used.

The notorious invasive plant Japanese Knotweed, popular in

Victorian times, for example, was sought after for its grand size

and attractive leaves. We suggest safer tall feature plants with

attractive foliage to try in the ‘Architectural plants’ section.

CONTENTS Our suggested plants are divided into eight sections PAGE

Although the plants we suggest shouldn’t cause you undue

problems, as always with gardening, no matter which

plants you use you will need to manage your garden by

weeding, thinning and pruning at regular intervals.

Please remember that ALL unwanted plant matter should be disposed

of responsibly. Compost or throw unwanted plant matter into your

green waste bin collection, or take it to your local recycling centre.

The Be Plant Wise website has more information

about safe disposal of excess plant matter:

www.nonnativespecies.org/beplantwise

Happy invasives-free gardening!

Within each section the recommended plants cover a range of different sites and cultivation requirements. For example, we list shrubs which offer spring or summer fl owers or stunning autumn colours, shrubs that are good for hedging or providing background structure to your borders, and shrubs for sunny or shady spots.

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6 GARDENING WITHOUT HARMFUL INVASIVE PLANTS 7A PLANTLIFE / RHS GUIDE

Groundcover plants Groundcover plants

Sunny/exposed sites Sunny/exposed sites

Ceratostigma plumbaginoides Hardy Plumbago

Rhizomatous perennial, woody at the base with wavy-margined, bright green leaves (to 10cm long) turning red in autumn. Produces clusters of bright blue fl owers in late summer.

Aubrieta deltoideaAubretia

Mat-forming perennial to 5cm tall with small, hairy leaves and brightly coloured cross-shaped fl owers usually in shades of red or purple. Double-fl owered cultivars are available.

Genista pilosaHairy Greenweed (pictured: cultivar ‘Vancouver Gold’)

Deciduous, prostrate shrub with dark leaves to 1.5cm long which are covered in silky hairs on the underside. Yellow pea fl owers appear in late spring and early summer.

Frankenia laevisSea-heath

Evergreen, prostrate perennial with tiny leaves and the general appearance of a heather. Produces small, fi ve-petalled, pink fl owers.

Geranium 'Mavis Simpson'Crane's-bill 'Mavis Simpson'

Herbaceous perennial to 30cm tall with silvery, lobed leaves. It bears open fl owers (to 3.5cm wide) that are pale pink with darker veins.

Lathyrus japonicus subsp. maritimusSea Pea

Prostrate perennial with hairless, glaucous pinnate leaves and clusters of purplish pea fl owers.

Silene unifl ora 'Robin Whitebreast'Sea Campion 'Robin Whitebreast'

Semi-evergreen perennial with lance-shaped grey-green leaves borne on prostrate stems. Bears white, double fl owers with cut petals.

Stachys byzantinaLamb's-ear

Spreading perennial to 45cm tall with elliptic leaves to 10cm which are covered in thick white wool. Small pinkish fl owers are carried on woolly stems in summer and autumn.

Veronica perfoliataDigger's Speedwell

Evergreen perennial bearing low, arching stems with pairs of stalkless, rounded, glaucous, leathery, toothed leaves to 5cm long. Attractive racemes of blue fl owers are borne in late summer.

Geranium sanguineum var. striatumStriped Bloody Crane's-bill

Herbaceous perennial to 10cm with deeply cut leaves on long spreading stems. Produces large, very pretty, open fl owers with very pale pink petals that are darker along the veins.

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8 GARDENING WITHOUT HARMFUL INVASIVE PLANTS 9A PLANTLIFE / RHS GUIDE

Bergenia cordifolia & hybrids Elephant-ears

Robust perennials spreading on thick, branching rhizomes. Leaves are large, glossy and paddle-like and purple-tinged in winter. The fl owers are usually in shades of pink, borne on fl eshy stems.

Astrantia majorMasterwort

Ground-hugging perennial to 90cm (though often less extensive) with glossy, lobed basal leaves and umbels of small fl owers surrounded by white, pink or red bracts.

Pachysandra terminalisCarpet Box

Evergreen perennial spreading on smooth stems from which are produced deeply cut, glossy, dark green leaves. Small white fl owers are produced in early summer.

Leucothoe fontanesianaDrooping Laurel

Shrub to 2m or so with arching branches carrying evergreen, leathery, lance-shaped leaves and small white fl owers in spring. Variegated cultivars are available. Needs a sheltered position.

Sarcococca hookeriana var. humilisChristmas Box

Low-growing, suckering shrub grown for its glossy, dark green, narrow leaves and small but fragrant, pink-tinged white fl owers produced in winter. The fl owers are followed by dark, shiny fruit.

Waldsteinia ternataSiberian Waldsteinia

Rhizomatous, semi-evergren perennial with lobed, toothed leaves above which are borne bright yellow, open fl owers to 1.5cm across in late spring and early summer.

Calluna vulgarisHeather

Variable shrub to 60cm with tiny, densely packed leaves and bell-shaped, often pink fl owers. A great range of cultivars selected for fl ower and foliage characters is available.

Crambe maritimaSea-kale

Spreading perennial to 75cm tall with large, thick, lobed, glaucous leaves and dense racemes of white, cross-shaped fl owers in early summer.

Viola odorataSweet Violet

Rhizomatous perennial bearing toothed, heart-shaped leaves and, in winter or early spring, perfumed blue or white spurred fl owers.

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10 GARDENING WITHOUT HARMFUL INVASIVE PLANTS 11A PLANTLIFE / RHS GUIDE

Naturalising plants

Aubrieta deltoideaAubretia

Mat-forming perennial to 5cm tall with small, hairy leaves and brightly coloured cross-shaped fl owers usually in shades of red or purple. Double-fl owered cultivars are available.

Aethionema 'Warley Rose'Stone Cress 'Warley Rose'

Semi-evergreen subshrub with narrow glaucous leaves (to 1cm) and abundant racemes of pink, cross-shaped fl owers in late spring and summer.

Digitalis purpureaFoxglove

Biennial forming a neat rosette of hairy leaves in the fi rst year followed in the second by graceful, one-sided spikes to 2m of tubular, purple fl owers with maroon spots on the inside.

Campanula rotundifolia

Harebell

Spreading perennial to 30cm tall with heart-shaped leaves. Slender stems bear nodding, bell-shaped fl owers, usually in shades of blue.

Echium vulgareViper's-bugloss

Bushy biennial bearing bristly, narrow leaves and in the second year purple, pink-tinged, bell-shaped fl owers in dense infl orescences.

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Iberis saxatilisAlpine Candytuft

Evergreen subshrub with fl eshy leaves to 2cm long (becoming fl atter on fl owering shoots). The small, white, cross-shaped fl owers are borne in late spring and summer.

Lunaria annuaHonesty

Annual or biennial with toothed, heart-shaped leaves above which appear racemes of four-petalled, bright purple fl owers. Can grow to a height of 90cm.

Asphodeline luteaYellow Asphodel

Tall, fl eshy-rooted perennial forming clumps of narrow, glaucous leaves topped by dense spikes of fragrant yellow fl owers. Grows to 1.5m high.

Camassia quamashCommon Camassia

Vigorous, bulbous perennial to 80cm producing bright green, channelled leaves and large, upright spikes of star-shaped, showy blue fl owers.

Eryngium giganteumTall Eryngo

Architectural biennial (to 90cm) bearing a rosette of heart-shaped leaves. Above these, cylindrical umbels of fl owers are set upon a ruff of spiny, silvery bracts.

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12 GARDENING WITHOUT HARMFUL INVASIVE PLANTS 13A PLANTLIFE / RHS GUIDE

Naturalising plants

Colchicum speciosumGiant Meadow Saffron

Vigorous, cormous perennial to 18cm with narrow leaves. Goblet-shaped fl owers are pink-purple, often with a white throat.

Colchicum autumnaleMeadow Saffron

Cormous perennial producing copious pink, goblet-shaped fl owers (to 15cm), followed by lance-shaped leaves. Double-fl owered cultivars are available.

Crocus bifl orusSilvery Crocus

Variable cormous perennial to 6cm carrying fl owers which have yellow throats and can be found in shades of blue or white, sometimes with purple striping.

Crocus banaticusByzantine Crocus

Cormous perennial to 10cm producing solitary, purple fl owers. The outer tepals are large and boat-shaped, the inner much smaller. Leaves are dark green and linear.

Crocus chrysanthusGolden Crocus

Cormous perennial to 5cm with fl owers which can vary in colour from pale cream to deep yellow, often with a purplish suffusion on the exterior.

Naturalising plants

Crocus laevigatusSmooth Crocus

Variable cormous perennial to 8cm with usually white to lilac, fragrant fl owers often with distinct feathering. Flowers are produced simultaneously with the dark green, linear leaves.

Crocus nudifl orusAutumn Crocus

Spreading, cormous perennial to 20cm. Its purple fl owers with a long tube are produced before the narrow leaves.

Crocus tommasinianusEarly Crocus

Variable cormous perennial to 10cm with pale-striped linear leaves and fl owers which can be pale lilac to deep purple.

Cyclamen coumEastern Sowbread

Tuberous perennial to 8cm with silver-patterned, rounded, deep green leaves and fl owers in shades of pink with swept back tepals.

Crocus etruscusTuscan Crocus

Cormous perennial to 8cm usually seen with lilac-blue fl owers that are silvery brown on the outside. Leaves are produced after the fl owers.

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14 GARDENING WITHOUT HARMFUL INVASIVE PLANTS 15A PLANTLIFE / RHS GUIDE

Naturalising plants

Dierama pulcherrimumAngel's Fishing-rod

Cormous perennial to 1.5m with narrow, grass-like leaves and graceful, arching stems of pendant, bell-shaped fl owers in shades of pink. It requires plentiful water when in growth and may be susceptible to hard frost.

Cyclamen hederifoliumSowbread

Tuberous perennial producing waxy heart-shaped or triangular leaves with pale patterning. The fl owers are in shades of pink, borne singly on upright stems and have twisted, swept back tepals.

Galtonia candicansSummer Hyacinth

Bulbous perennial with fl eshy, lance-shaped leaves and leafl ess stems to 1.2m tall. Bears pendant, white, bell-shaped fl owers that are each 5cm long. Soils need to be moist in spring and summer but drier over winter.

Fritillaria meleagrisSnake's-head Fritillary

Bulbous perennial to 30cm with delicate stems that carry heavy, pendant fl owers (to 4.5cm long). The fl owers are in shades of pinkish purple with dark checkering.

Narcissus 'Actaea'Daffodil 'Actaea'

Strongly fragrant bulbous perennial to 45cm. The white fl owers have a short, cup-shaped corona which is yellow margined red. Leaves are narrow and hairless.

Naturalising plants

Scilla sibericaSiberian Squill

Bulbous perennial to about 15cm with shiny, lance-shaped leaves and pendant, bright blue fl owers to 1.5cm across.

Angelica gigasPurple Angelica

Herb to 2m tall with toothed, pinnate leaves. Dark red umbels of fl owers are borne on red stems in late summer. Biennial or short-lived perennial.

Aralia cachemiricaAngelica-tree

Huge leaves to 1.2m long divided into shiny leafl ets above which appear spikes of starry umbels to 3m tall.

Crambe cordifoliaGreater Sea-kale

Huge clumps of heart-shaped foliage to 1.5m across are topped by branching sprays of small white fl owers to 2m high.

Narcissus 'Hawera'Daffodil 'Hawera'

Bulbous perennial producing multiple fl owers per bulb, each of which are buttery yellow and wide-spreading with a short, broad corona.

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16 GARDENING WITHOUT HARMFUL INVASIVE PLANTS 17A PLANTLIFE / RHS GUIDE

Architectural plants

Eupatorium maculatum Atropurpureum GroupJoe Pye Weed

Perennial to 3m with domed heads of purple fl owers over whorls of dark foliage.

Datisca cannabinaCretan Hemp

Slender stems to 3m bear delicate, dissected leaves and tassels of green fl owers.

Levisticum offi cinaleLovage

Herb to 2.5m tall with glossy, pinnate leaves and umbels of yellow fl owers in midsummer.

Ferula communisGiant Fennel

Robust perennial to 3m tall with fi nely cut pinnate leaves and dramatic, much-branched infl orescences bearing umbels of yellow fl owers.

Rheum palmatumOrnamental Rhubarb

A huge ornamental rhubarb to 2.5m tall or more with large, deeply lobed leaves and upright spikes of small greenish fl owers.

Architectural plants

Thalictrum rochebrunianumMeadow-rue

Much-divided foliage bears frothy lavender and yellow fl owers to 3m or more in height.

Veronicastrum virginicumCulver's Root

Perennial to 2m or more bearing architectural whorls of toothed foliage and tall wands of lilac fl owers.

Astelia chathamicaSilver Spear

Clump-forming perennial to 1.2m tall bearing clumps of broad, channelled, silvery leaves. Yellowish green fl owers are sometimes produced and followed by orange berries.

Chusquea culeouChilean Bamboo

Erect, clump-forming bamboo with solid, yellow-green stems growing to 6m in ideal conditions with a spread of 2.5m.

Rodgersia aesculifoliaChestnut-leaved Rodgersia

Large, wrinkled basal leaves are palmately divided and bear branching stems of small pink or white fl owers. Forms clumps to 1.5m across.

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18 GARDENING WITHOUT HARMFUL INVASIVE PLANTS 19A PLANTLIFE / RHS GUIDE

Architectural plants

Phyllostachys nigraBlack Bamboo

Clump-forming bamboo with arching, slender canes turning deep black. Grows to 5m with a spread of 3m.

Fargesia nitidaFountain Bamboo

Graceful, slow-growing bamboo forming clumps of slender, dark purple canes growing to a height of 5m with a spread of 1.5m.

Stipa giganteaGolden Oats

Forms dense, evergreen clumps over which are carried high plumes of golden fl owers.

Pleioblastus simoniiSimon's Bamboo

Fairly small bamboo to 3m in height. The variegated cultivar 'Variegatus' has linear, white-striped leaves.

Climbers / Plants to cover walls

Akebia quinataChocolate Vine

Striking, purple, sausage-shaped fruits to 10cm long are borne on a twining semi-evergreen climber. The leaves are in fi ve parts and the fragrant brownish fl owers are attractive. Climbs to 10m.

Ceanothus arboreus 'Trewithen Blue'Californian Lilac 'Trewithen Blue'

Evergreen shrub to 5m or so with glossy, dark green, oval leaves to 10cm long. In spring and summer frothy heads of blue fl owers are borne in abundance. May be damaged by frosts.

Chaenomeles japonicaJapanese Quince

Spreading, thorny shrub to 1m tall and 2m across bearing large orange-red fl owers in spring as the glossy leaves appear. The fruits are red, tinged with yellow and around 4cm long.

Chaenomeles superba 'Rowallane'Japanese Quince 'Rowallane'

Spiny deciduous shrub to 1m bearing glossy green leaves and scarlet fl owers to 4cm across. Flowers may be followed by yellowish fruit.

Actinidia kolomiktaKolomikta

Vigorous twining climber to 5m or more, rarely producing its small fl owers but bearing large leaves that become attractively variegated white and pink in the upper half.

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20 GARDENING WITHOUT HARMFUL INVASIVE PLANTS 21A PLANTLIFE / RHS GUIDE

Climbers / Plants to cover walls

Clematis cultivarsClematis

'Hagley Hybrid' (pictured) is a robust large-fl owered climber bearing broad pinkish fl owers in summer. Place its roots in shade.

Clematis cultivarsClematis

'Etoile Rose' (pictured) is a reliable small-fl owered climber carrying nodding, bell-shaped pink fl owers from midsummer to autumn. Place its roots in shade.

Euonymus fortunei 'Silver Queen'Spindle 'Silver Queen'

Evergreen shrub to 2.5m with fl exible stems bearing waxy, white-margined leaves. White fruit opening to reveal orange-coated seeds may be produced after the small fl owers.

Elaeagnus ebbingeiEbbinge's Silverberry

Evergreen shrub to 4m with a dense, leafy habit. Leaves are leathery with silver scales on the underside. The fl owers, produced in autumn are small, white and extremely fragrant. There are several variegated cultivars.

Hedera algeriensis 'Gloire de Marengo'Ivy 'Glorie de Marengo'

Large-leaved ivy with creamy marginal variegation with long, easily trained stems. Tolerant of a wide range of conditions once established.

Hydrangea petiolarisClimbing Hydrangea

Deciduous climber with leaves turning yellow before falling. Grows to 10m or more and carries domes of white fl owers with bracteate fl owers at the margins. Avoid shallow, chalky soils.

Indigofera heteranthaHimalayan Indigo

Spreading shrub to 3m bearing pinnate, grey-green leaves to 10cm long on arching branches. Throughout summer racemes of purple-pink pea fl owers are produced.

Itea ilicifoliaHolly-leaved Sweet-spire

Evergreen shrub with arching, fl exible shoots to 5m tall with sharp-pointed, glossy leaves to 10cm long. Pendant racemes (to 30cm long) of small, greenish fl owers make a graceful display from midsummer into autumn. Needs shelter from cold winds.

Jasminum nudifl orumWinter Jasmine

Deciduous shrub to 3m with wiry, green stems which bear pinnate leaves to 3cm long in summer. Bright yellow fl owers to 2cm across appear in winter and early spring.

Hedera colchica 'Sulphur Heart'Persian Ivy ‘Sulphur Heart’

Large-leaved ivy with a large central, golden variegation growing to perhaps 5m. Tolerant of a wide range of conditions once established.

Climbers / Plants to cover walls

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22 GARDENING WITHOUT HARMFUL INVASIVE PLANTS 23A PLANTLIFE / RHS GUIDE

Vitis coignetiaeCrimson Glory-vine

Vigorous, tendril climber with large, lobed leaves to 30cm across that turn yellow, then bright red, in autumn.

Wisteria fl oribunda cultivarsJapanese Wisteria

Numerous wisteria cultivars are offered. 'Yae-kokuryu' (pictured) has large, very fragrant racemes of double fl owers.

Abelia grandifl oraGlossy Abelia

Semi-evergreen shrub to 3m bearing glossy, dark green leaves and fragrant pinkish white tubular fl owers that fall to reveal persistent pink calyces.

Acer palmatum var. dissectumCut-leaved Japanese Maple

Rounded shrub bearing deeply cut, sometimes purple, foliage that colours up well in autumn and is often accompanied by ornamental winged fruits. Protect from cold, drying winds.

Trachelospermum jasminoides 'Variegatum'Variegated Star Jasmine

Glossy-leaved, twining climber with foliage margined and splashed with white. Bears starry, fragrant white fl owers in summer. Requires shelter from cold winds and may be susceptible to frost.

Climbers / Plants to cover walls

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Climbers / Plants to cover walls

Myrtus communisCommon Myrtle

Evergreen shrub to 3m bearing a dense coverage of dark green aromatic foliage and, from midsummer, white fl owers with prominent stamens which are followed by black fruit. Not fully hardy; shelter from cold winds.

Lonicera periclymenum 'Graham Thomas'Honeysuckle 'Graham Thomas'

Strong-growing, twining climber to 7m. Very fragrant white fl owers, aging yellow, are followed by red fruit.

Rosa 'New Dawn'Rose 'New Dawn'

A vigorous climbing rose with arching stems bearing glossy leaves and full, palest pink fl owers. Suitable for sun or partial shade. A great range of climbing roses, providing for different aspects and effects, are available.

Pileostegia viburnoidesClimbing Hydrangea

Evergreen climber to 6m with attractively leathery, oblong leaves and creamy white fl owers in late summer. May suffer in the coldest winter weather

Stachyurus praecoxEarly Stachyurus

Deciduous shrub to 4m with arching stems and egg-shaped leaves. In spring stiff, hanging racemes of bell-shaped greenish yellow fl owers are borne on the bare stems. Needs shelter from cold winds.

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24 GARDENING WITHOUT HARMFUL INVASIVE PLANTS 25A PLANTLIFE / RHS GUIDE

Enkianthus campanulatusRedvein Enkianthus

Deciduous shrub to 4m or so with toothed leaves on whorled branches turning yellowish in autumn. Dainty, pendant, bell-shaped, creamy fl owers (with red on the veins) are produced in late spring.

Escallonia macranthaEscallonia

A fi ne shrub to 4m but easily pruned with dark, glossy, aromatic leaves and tubular, rosy fl owers. Good as a windbreak, though may be susceptible to frost in inland areas.

Forsythia intermediaForsythia

Easily propagated, pollution-tolerant deciduous shrub to 2m tall bearing bright golden fl owers on bare stems in spring. Good for background structure or screening.

Garrya ellipticaSilk-tassel Bush (pictured: cultivar 'James Roof')

Hard-wearing evergreen shrub to 4m with glossy, grey-green, opposite leaves. Highly ornamental catkins are borne in winter and early spring. Good windbreak.

Elaeagnus ebbingeiEbbinge's Silverberry

Evergreen shrub to 4m with a dense, leafy habit. Good for background structure or screening. Leaves are leathery with silver scales on the underside. Variegated cultivars are available. Extremely fragrant, small, white fl owers are produced in autumn.

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Buxus sempervirensBox

Dense-growing, rounded shrub eventually to 5m but responding well to pruning. Leaves evergreen, small and dark green. Produces small and yellowish fl owers in spring. If positioned in full sun it will need a moist soil.

Aucuba japonica 'Crotonifolia'Spotted-laurel

Dependable shrub to 3m tall grown primarily for its glossy, toothed leaves (to 20cm long) which are speckled with yellow markings. Small purple fl owers may be followed by bright red berries. Grows best in partial shade.

Cornus albaWhite Dogwood

Hardy and resilient deciduous shrub to 3m tall bearing red bark and available as several variegated cultivars. Good for background structure or screening. Grow in full sun for most striking stem colour.

Camellia japonica cultivarsCommon Camellia

Evergreen shrubs to 4m or more, with glossy, toothed elliptic leaves. A huge number of cultivars have been selected often with large double fl owers in shades of pink.

Cotinus coggygriaSmoke Tree

Shrub to 5m with oval leaves turning rich orange and red in autumn and retaining whispy panicles after fl owering. Purple-leaved forms available. Coloured-leaved cultivars perform best in full sun.

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26 GARDENING WITHOUT HARMFUL INVASIVE PLANTS 27A PLANTLIFE / RHS GUIDE

Ligustrum lucidumChinese Privet

Evergreen shrub or tree easily pruned to size with glossy, dark green leaves. Variegated cultivars are available. Good for background structure or screening.

Magnolia stellataStar Magnolia

Deciduous shrub, becoming spreading with age, bearing narrow leaves to 10cm long. Silky buds carried on the bare branches open into white, star-like fl owers, 12cm across. Shelter from cold winds and avoid transplanting.

Magnolia soulangeanaChinese Magnolia

Variable large shrub to 6m with dark green leaves to 20cm long. Large goblet-shaped fl owers (to 30cm across) ranging from white to purple. Shelter from cold winds and avoid transplanting.

Nandina domesticaHeavenly Bamboo

Bamboo like stems carry graceful compound, evergreen leaves that turn vivid red in autumn and winter. Small, starry fl owers are sometimes followed by bright red fruit. Requires a sheltered site to thrive.

Ilex aquifoliumHolly

Hardy evergreen shrub bearing spiny, glossy foliage when young. Available in a range of variegated cultivars. Female plants bear red berries. Good as a windbreak.

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Hebe rakaiensisRakai Hebe

Dense shrub to 1m with glossy green leaves to 2cm long thickly covering a rounded bush. The white racemes of fl owers (to 4cm long) are borne in summer. Good for hedging. Will tolerate maritime exposure but not very cold winds.

Hamamelis vernalisSpring Witch-hazel

Upright shrub bearing spidery yellow or orange fl owers on bare twigs in winter and spring. The leaves turn clear yellow in autumn.

Hydrangea macrophyllaMophead Hydrangea

Compact, deciduous shrub to 2m with opposite, broad leaves to 20cm long. There are many cultivars which bear domes of fl owers in a great range of colours, some formed of entirely sterile bracts and others with fertile fl owers at the centre.

Hebe topiariaTopiarist's Hebe

Dense, low-growing shrub to 60cm with glossy, grey-green leaves to 1.5cm long. Racemes of white fl owers to 2cm are carried in summer. Good for hedging. Will tolerate maritime exposure but not very cold winds.

Hydrangea serrataLacecap Hydrangea

Deciduous shrub with opposite leaves to 15cm long and fl attened domes of fl owers which bear colourful sterile bracts at the margins. Many cultivars are available.

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28 GARDENING WITHOUT HARMFUL INVASIVE PLANTS 29A PLANTLIFE / RHS GUIDE

Sarcococca hookerianaSweet Box

Small, suckering shrub to 1.5m forming neat clumps of upright stems which bear glossy, broadly lance-shaped leaves. In winter, clusters of sweetly fragrant, small white fl owers form and are followed by shiny black fruit.

Skimmia japonica 'Nymans'Skimmia 'Nymans'

A spreading shrub to 1m x 2m bearing glossy, evergreen, aromatic foliage. Fragrant white fl owers and round, red fruits are freely produced.

Viburnum betulifolium Birch-leaf Viburnum

Deciduous shrub with an upright habit growing to 3m tall. The white fl owers in early summer are followed by pendant clusters of bright red fruit which persist well through the winter.

Viburnum burkwoodii cultivarsBurkwood Viburnum

Evergreen shrub to 3m with dark green, shiny leaves. Globes of very fragrant white fl owers to 10cm across open from pink buds and are sometimes followed by small red fruit (turning black).

Pieris japonicaLily-of-the-valley Bush

Evergreen shrub of neat habit to 4m tall with toothed elliptic leaves that are reddish when young. Panicles of numerous urn-shaped, white fl owers appear from pink buds. Several cultivars are available. Protect young growth from late frosts.

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Olearia haastiiDaisy-bush

Tough, bushy evergreen shrub to 2m tall with dark green leaves felted on the underside. Produces daisy fl owers in summer. Good for background structure or screening.

Olearia macrodontaNew Zealand Holly

Shrub, eventually to 5m, with holly-like, greyish leaves. Profuse heads of fragrant, daisy-like fl owers are borne in summer. A good windbreak.

Philadelphus coronariusMock-orange

Shrub to 3m bearing toothed, deciduous leaves and highly fragrant, creamy, cup-shaped fl owers (to 2.5cm across) in early summer.

Osmanthus burkwoodii Burkwood Osmanthus

Evergreen shrub to 3m with a dense habit and toothed, dark green leaves. The small, tubular white fl owers are extremely fragrant.

Photinia fraseriChristmas Berry

Evergreen shrub growing to 5m but easily pruned to size. White fl owers are carried in spring and young foliage is bright red. Good for background structure or screening. Needs protection from cold winds.

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30 GARDENING WITHOUT HARMFUL INVASIVE PLANTS 31A PLANTLIFE / RHS GUIDE

Liquidambar styracifl uaSweet Gum

Conical tree to 20m with neatly lobed leaves turning deep bronze, red and orange before falling. For best autumn colour plant in full sun. Can tolerate alkaline conditions where soils are deep.

Magnolia grandifl oraLarge-fl owered Magnolia

Magnifi cent tree to 10m or more with large, very glossy, bright green leaves that are rusty brown on the underside. Bears huge, cup-shaped, fragrant white fl owers. May be damaged by very cold weather.

Malus 'Golden Hornet'Crab Apple 'Golden Hornet'

Deciduous tree to 8m with a rounded habit. White fl owers in spring are followed by copious, spherical, golden yellow fruit to 2cm across which are carried over a long period.

Nyssa sylvaticaTupelo

Broadly conical tree to 15m. Leaves produce spectacular fi ery shades in autumn. Shelter from cold winds and plant out when young.

Fraxinus ornusManna Ash

Deciduous tree to 15m with pinnate leaves that turn red in autumn. Creamy white fl owers are followed by pendulous clusters of winged yellow or red fruit.

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Trees Trees

Arbutus andrachnoidesHybrid Strawberry Tree

Tree to 8m with peeling red bark and glossy, toothed leaves that are glaucous on the underside. The small fl owers are white and appear in autumn. Alkaline soils may be tolerated but acid is preferred. Shelter from cold winds.

Acer palmatumJapanese Maple

Small tree bearing graceful, lobed leaves that become scarlet in autumn. Many choice cultivars are available.

Crataegus laevigata 'Paul's Scarlet'Hawthorn 'Paul's Scarlet'

Thorny, deciduous tree to 8m. Bears a great profusion of bright red-pink, very double fl owers in late spring.

Cercis siliquastrumJudas Tree

Deciduous tree to 10m bearing pink, pea fl owers which appear on the bare stems. The attractive foliage is glossy and heart-shaped.

Crataegus lavalleei Lavalleei's Hawthorn

Spreading, semi-deciduous tree to 7m bearing domed heads of white fl owers followed by orange-red fruits to 2cm across that persist through the winter.

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32 GARDENING WITHOUT HARMFUL INVASIVE PLANTS 33A PLANTLIFE / RHS GUIDE

Aster linosyrisGoldilocks Aster

Clumping perennial with erect stems of golden yellow fl owers to 70cm high in late summer and early autumn.

Aster novi-belgiiMichaelmas Daisy

Clump-forming perennial to 1.2m. Available as a wide range of cultivars mostly with violet, daisy fl owers in late summer and autumn.

Buddleja globosaOrange-ball-tree

Erect, deciduous shrub with orange fl owers borne in eye-catching spheres in June. May be damaged by hard frosts.

Ceanothus thyrsifl orusCalifornian Lilac

Dense evergreen shrub providing cover and shelter for wildlife. Bears bright blue fl owers in early summer. Hardy in all but the coldest areas.

Anthriscus sylvestris ‘Ravenswing’Cow Parsley ‘Ravenswing’

Biennial, or short-lived perennial, to 1m tall with lacy, dark foliage. Umbels of pink fl owers on slender stems are carried early in the season.

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Prunus cerasifera 'Pissardii'Cherry Plum 'Pissardii'

Purple-leaved deciduous tree to 10m bearing cup-shaped fl owers (2.5cm across) that are pink, fading to white.

Parrotia persicaPersian Ironwood

Spreading tree to 8m tall bearing peeling bark and spidery, bright red fl owers in winter and early spring. Produces fi re-coloured autumn foliage. Grow in acid soil for best autumn colour.

Sorbus thibetica 'John Mitchell'Tibetan Whitebeam 'John Mitchell'

Tree to 20m or so with very broad, round, silver-grey leaves with heads of white fl owers in spring followed by yellowish fruit to 1.5cm across.

Sorbus 'Joseph Rock'Mountain Ash 'Joseph Rock'

Deciduous tree to 10m bearing pinnate leaves that colour well in autumn. Spring white fl owers are followed by round, pale yellow fruit to 1cm across.

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34 GARDENING WITHOUT HARMFUL INVASIVE PLANTS 35A PLANTLIFE / RHS GUIDE

Hyssopus offi cinalisHyssop

Dwarf semi-evergreen shrub to 60cm with small, dense, aromatic foliage and spikes of two-lipped, dark blue fl owers from midsummer.

Ilex aquifolium 'J. C. van Tol'Holly 'J.C. van Tol'

Self-fertile tree to 6m with glossy evergreen, fairly spine-free leaves and copious bright red berries.

Ilex altaclarensisHighclere Holly

Evergeen shrubs providing cover and shelter for wildlife, with broad, glossy leaves that are variegated in many cultivars. Female plants bear fruit. May be damaged by hard frosts.

Kniphofi a rooperiRooper's Red-hot-poker

Imposing perennial to 1.2m with clumps of broadly linear leaves and impressive, fat heads of red hot poker fl owers in autumn.

Hesperis matronalisDame's-violet

Biennial, or short-lived perennial, to 1m forming a rosette of basal leaves. Leafy stems bear cross-shaped fl owers to 4cm across, in white or shades of purple.

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Chimonanthus praecox 'Luteus'Wintersweet 'Luteus'

Deciduous shrub to 4m with open, clear yellow fl owers.

Chimonanthus praecoxWintersweet

Strong-growing deciduous shrub to 4m with glossy lanceolate leaves to 20cm. Nodding, deliciously fragrant, greenish-yellow fl owers are produced on the bare twigs in winter. The fl owers are often stained purple inside and are up to 2.5cm across.

Hamamelis intermediaIntermediate Witch-hazel

Shrub to 4m with upright branches which carry green leaves (to 15cm) that turn yellow in autumn. In winter the bare twigs bear spidery, fragrant fl owers in shades of yellow, orange or red. Various cultivars are available.

Erica darleyensisDarley Dale Heath (pictured: cultivar 'Arthur Johnson')

Low-growing shrub with needle-like leaves, bearing fl owers in late winter and spring. Flowers are urn-shaped, usually in shades of pink and form racemes to 10cm long. Many cultivars are available. Alkaline soils may be tolerated.

Heliotropium arborescensCommon Heliotrope

Bushy, low-growing shrub best grown as an annual with dark, wrinkled leaves and fl at heads of violet-blue fl owers that are carried in summer.

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36 GARDENING WITHOUT HARMFUL INVASIVE PLANTS 37A PLANTLIFE / RHS GUIDE

Sedum spectabileButterfl y Stonecrop

Easily propagated, fl eshy perennial with fl at heads of (usually) pink fl owers. For best wildlife value sterile hybrids should be avoided. Neutral, moderately fertile soil is best.

Silene noctifl oraNight-fl owering Catchfl y

Annual to 60cm with hairy leaves and upright sticky stems bearing fragrant, yellowish, pink-tinged fl owers which open at night.

Valeriana offi cinalisCommon Valerian

Pinnate-leaved, clump-forming perennial to 80cm tall or more with upright stems bearing fl at-topped pink or white fl owerheads.

Viburnum bodnantenseBodnant Viburnum

Deciduous shrub to 3m bearing toothed leaves to 10cm that have a reddish tinge when young. The highly fragrant, tubular fl owers in shades of pink are borne in clusters at the ends of the branches.

Nicotiana sylvestrisFlowering Tobacco

Biennial, or short-lived perennial, to 1.5m tall. Produces a rosette of dark leaves from which emerges an infl orescence bearing strongly fragrant white fl owers with long tubes to 10cm. May survive outdoors but best raised from seed each year.

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Malus 'Golden Hornet'Crab Apple 'Golden Hornet'

Deciduous tree to 8m with copious, spherical, golden yellow fruit to 2cm across which are carried over a long period. White fl owers are produced in spring.

Mahonia mediaYellow Lily-of-the-valley Bush

Upright shrub, eventully to 5m, with leathery, hairless, sharp-pointed pinnate leaves to 45cm long and racemes of fragrant yellow fl owers to 35cm long at the ends of the shoots. If planting in full sun requires damp soil.

Narcissus cultivarsDaffodil

Bulbous perennials fl owering in late winter and spring. Flowers are mostly in shades of yellow (sometimes white or pink) and have outer tepals and a central corona. Choose single-fl owered cultivars for best wildlife value.

Matthiola longipetala subsp. bicornisNight-scented Stock

Annual with linear or lobed, grey-green leaves to 8cm long. In summer four-petalled fl owers (2cm across) in shades of pink and purple are borne in loose racemes.

Nicotiana alataSweet Tobacco

Perennial but usually grown as an annual. Forms a rosette of leaves from which emerge loose racemes of strongly fragrant fl owers, spreading at the mouth from a long tube. Flowers are greenish yellow outside and white within.

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38 GARDENING WITHOUT HARMFUL INVASIVE PLANTS 39A PLANTLIFE / RHS GUIDE

Myriophyllum verticillatumWhorled Water-milfoil

Perennial oxygenator with whorls of deeply divided leaves and linear leafl ets borne on stems to 1m or more. In summer very small yellowish fl owers are carried just above the surface of the water.

Potamogeton crispusCurled Pondweed

Perennial oxygenator bearing submerged, dissected, almost transluscent leaves and leathery, fl oating leaves with very undulating margins. The fl owers are very small and whitish, carried just above the water.

Ranunculus aquatilisCommon Water-crowfoot

Pretty annual/short-lived perennial with submerged branching stems and fi nely divided leaves and fl oating lobed, kidney-shaped leaves. Produces white fl owers (2cm) at the water's surface in summer. Prefers shallow water with good nutrient levels.

Hydrocharis morsus-ranaeFrogbit

Stoloniferous perennial spreading on the surface of water and producing rounded, glossy leaves to 3cm long. White, bowl-shaped fl owers, 2cm across, yellow at the centre are borne in the summer. Less vigorous in deeper water.

Myriophyllum spicatumSpiked Water-milfoil

Perennial oxygenator with whorls of deeply divided leaves borne on stems to 1m or more. In summer small reddish fl owers are carried just above the water.

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Plants for ponds and bog gardens

Plants for ponds and bog gardens

Ceratophyllum demersumRigid Hornwort

Submerged oxygenating plant with low light requirements. Perennial with stiff stems eventually growing to 1m if left unchecked. Leaves are dark green and forked into linear, toothed segments. Prefers quite nutrient rich water.

Callitriche stagnalisCommon Water-starwort

Oxygenating perennial with narrow, opposite submerged leaves that become broader in the open air. The fl owers are small and insignifi cant, borne in summer.

Fontinalis antipyreticaWillow Moss

Attractive, evergreen, oxygenating moss lacking proper roots with shoots to 15cm long and tightly packed leaves to 5mm.

Eleocharis acicularisNeedle Spike-rush

Rhizomatous oxygenating perennial to 10cm with rush-like leaves and fl owers in spikelets to 5mm (not produced when submerged).

Hottonia palustrisWater-violet

Perennial oxygenator with whorled, pinnate, narrow-lobed leaves. Whorls of lilac, yellow-throated fl owers to 2.5cm across are borne on upright stems that appear above the surface of the water in spring.

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Canna 'Erebus'Water Canna 'Erebus'

Tender, rhizomatous perennial to 1.2m with erect, dark green, paddle-shaped leaves and spikes of exotic salmon fl owers to 8cm across in summer and autumn. Lift tubers and overwinter in frost-free conditions.

Canna 'Ra'Water Canna 'Ra'

Tender, rhizomatous perennial to 1.8m with erect, slender, green leaves and spikes of exotic lemon yellow fl owers in summer and autumn. Lift tubers and overwinter in frost-free conditions.

Chrysosplenium davidianumDavid's Golden-saxifrage

Mat-forming perennial to 8cm tall with hairy, rounded, dark green leaves and greenish yellow, cup-shaped fl owers above leafy bracts.

Lysimachia nummularia 'Aurea'Golden Creeping-Jenny

Prostrate perennial grown for its rounded, golden leaves in opposite pairs but also bearing yellow, cup-shaped fl owers in summer.

Canna 'Endeavour'Water Canna 'Endeavour'

Tender, rhizomatous perennial to 1.8m with erect, glaucous, paddle-shaped leaves and spikes of narrow-petalled red fl owers to 5cm across in summer and autumn. Lift tubers and overwinter in frost-free conditions.

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Plants for ponds and bog gardens

Plants for ponds and bog gardens

Nymphaea hardy hybridsGarden Water-lily

There are many hybrids to choose from. Nymphaea 'Marliacea Albida' (pictured) has cup-shaped fl owers to 15cm across that are white with yellow centres.

Nymphaea albaWhite Water-lily

Perennial with fl oating, rounded, dark green, often red-tinged leaves to about 30cm across. The starburst fl owers to 20cm or more across are white with yellow centres. FOR LARGE PONDS ONLY.

Butomus umbellatusFlowering-rush

Perennial to 1.5m with rush-like, twisted leaves emerging purple and turning green. Umbels of fragrant pink fl owers to 2.5cm across are borne in late summer on tall stems. Grow in mud or water to 25cm deep.

Alisma plantago-aquaticaWater-plantain

Perennial to 1m bearing linear submerged leaves and rosettes of long-stalked, lance-shaped, greyish leaves above the water. Produces very pale pink fl owers to 1.5cm on much-branched infl orescences in summer. Best in water 15-30cm deep.

Caltha palustrisMarsh-marigold

Rhizomatous perennial bearing kidney-shaped leaves to 10cm long. Open, waxy, yellow fl owers are carried on stems to 45cm in spring.

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42 GARDENING WITHOUT HARMFUL INVASIVE PLANTS 43A PLANTLIFE / RHS GUIDE

Carex elata 'Aurea' Bowles's Golden Sedge

Rhizomatous, perennial sedge to 70cm, dying back in winter with leaves that bear a central, golden variegation. Small fl owers are produced in spring and early summer.

Darmera peltataIndian-rhubarb

Slow-spreading rhizomatous perennial bearing umbrella-like leaves to 60cm across, preceded by heads of bright pink fl owers on long stalks. Will tolerate drier conditions in a shady position.

Eriophorum angustifoliumCommon Cottongrass

A spreading, perennial member of the sedge family growing to about 40cm and producing spikes of cotton-like fl owers in summer. Survives in water to 5cm deep.

Hosta 'Sum and Substance'Plantain Lily 'Sum and Substance'

Large, ribbed, heart-shaped yellow or green leaves and spikes of bell-shaped lilac fl owers in summer.

Astilboides tabularisCommon Astilboides

Clump-forming perennial with large, round leaves to 90cm long. Small, white fl owers are borne on long stalks in summer. Can cope with wet but not waterlogged soils.

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Plants for ponds and bog gardens

Plants for ponds and bog gardens

Menyanthes trifoliataBogbean

Rhizomatous perennial forming fl oating mats of three-parted leaves with leafl ets to 6cm long. Erect infl orescences of white, star-shaped fl owerrs are sometimes produced in summer. WILL NEED REGULAR TRIMMING; FOR LARGE PONDS ONLY.

Mentha aquaticaWater Mint

Rhizomatous perennial to 90cm with purple stems and narrow, toothed, hairy and aromatic leaves. In summer dense spheres of tubular lilac fl owers are produced. Grows in water to 15cm deep. Plant in baskets to contain spread.

Sagittaria sagittifoliaArrowhead

Spreading perennial bearing arrow-shaped leaves with long lobes at the base and 1m tall infl orescences carrying white fl owers to 2.5cm across. In deep water long, fl oating leaves may also be produced. FOR LARGE PONDS ONLY

Myosotis scorpioidesWater Forget-me-not

Creeping, rhizomatous perennial with leaves to 10cm and, in summer, a profusion of bright blue, very open fl owers to 8mm across with a paler eye. Grows best in water to 10cm deep.

Thalia dealbataPowdery Alligator-fl ag

Perennial to 2.5m bearing lanceolate grey-green leaves on long stalks. Striking, violet fl owers are borne in slender spikes in summer. Not fully hardy and may be deciduous in cold weather.

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Plants for ponds and bog gardens

Iris pseudacorusYellow Iris

Vigorous, rhizomatous perennial to 1.5m tall with lance-shaped, greyish leaves and bright yellow fl owers with darker markings. FOR LARGE PONDS ONLY.

Iris ensataJapanese Iris

Rhizomatous iris to 90cm with narrow leaves. Purple or reddish fl owers are borne in midsummer.

Ligularia 'Gregynog Gold'Leopard Plant 'Gregynog Gold'

Award-winning hybrid with rounded leaves to 35cm long. Bears pyramids (to 1.8m tall) of golden daisy fl owers 10cm across in late summer and autumn. Needs protection from very hot sun.

Iris sibiricaSiberian Iris

Rhizomatous iris to 120cm tall with narrow leaves and bluish fl owers. A parent of many fi ne cultivars.

Zantedeschia aethiopicaAltar-lily

Rhizomatous perennial with large, arrow-shaped, glossy green leaves and big, white, arum-like fl owers on stems to 1m or more. May need winter protection with fl eece or a mulch.

Aubrieta deltoidea 6

Ceratostigma plumbaginoides 6

Frankenia laevis 6

Genista pilosa 6

Geranium 'Mavis Simpson' 6

Geranium sanguineum var. striatum 7

Lathyrus japonicus subsp. maritimus 7

Silene unifl ora 'Robin Whitebreast' 7

Stachys byzantina 7

Veronica perfoliata 7

Astrantia major 8

Bergenia cordifolia & hybrids 8

Leucothoe fontanesiana 8

Pachysandra terminalis 8

Sarcococca hookeriana var. humilis 8

Viola odorata 9

Waldsteinia ternata 9

Calluna vulgaris 9

Crambe maritima 9

Aethionema 'Warley Rose' 10

Aubrieta deltoidea 10

Campanula rotundifolia 10

Digitalis purpurea 10

Echium vulgare 10

Eryngium giganteum 11

Iberis saxatilis 11

Lunaria annua 11

Asphodeline lutea 11

Camassia quamash 11

Colchicum autumnale 12

Colchicum speciosum 12

Crocus banaticus 12

Crocus bifl orus 12

Crocus chrysanthus 12

Crocus etruscus 13

Crocus laevigatus 13

Crocus nudifl orus 13

Crocus tommasinianus 13

PLANT PAGE

CONDITIONS

Cultivation chart & index

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46 GARDENING WITHOUT HARMFUL INVASIVE PLANTS 47A PLANTLIFE / RHS GUIDE

Itea ilicifolia 21

Jasminum nudifl orum 21

Lonicera periclymenum 22

Myrtus communis 22

Pileostegia viburnoides 22

Rosa 'New Dawn' 22

Stachyurus praecox 22

Trachelospermum jasminoides 23

Vitis coignetiae 23

Wisteria fl oribunda cultivars 23

Abelia grandifl ora 23

Acer palmatum var. dissectum 23

Aucuba japonica 'Crotonifolia' 24

Buxus sempervirens 24

Camellia japonica cultivars 24

Cornus alba 24

Cotinus coggygria 24

Elaeagnus ebbingei 25

Enkianthus campanulatus 25

Escallonia macrantha 25

Forsythia intermedia 25

Garrya elliptica 25

Hamamelis vernalis 26

Hebe rakaiensis 26

Hebe topiaria 26

Hydrangea macrophylla 26

Hydrangea serrata 26

Ilex aquifolium 27

Ligustrum lucidum 27

Magnolia stellata 27

Magnolia soulangeana 27

Nandina domestica 27

Olearia macrodonta 28

Olearia haastii 28

Osmanthus burkwoodii 28

Philadelphus coronarius 28

Photinia fraseri 28

Pieris japonica 29

Cyclamen coum 13

Cyclamen hederifolium 14

Dierama pulcherrimum 14

Fritillaria meleagris 14

Galtonia candicans 14

Narcissus 'Actaea' 14

Narcissus 'Hawera' 15

Scilla siberica 15

Angelica gigas 15

Aralia cachemirica 15

Crambe cordifolia 15

Datisca cannabina 16

Eupatorium maculatum Atropurpureum Group 16

Ferula communis 16

Levisticum offi cinale 16

Rheum palmatum 16

Rodgersia aesculifolia 17

Thalictrum rochebrunianum 17

Veronicastrum virginicum 17

Astelia chathamica 17

Chusquea culeou 17

Fargesia nitida 18

Phyllostachys nigra 18

Pleioblastus simonii 18

Stipa gigantea 18

Actinidia kolomikta 19

Akebia quinata 19

Ceanothus arboreus 'Trewithen Blue' 19

Chaenomeles japonica 19

Chaenomeles superba 'Rowallane' 19

Clematis 'Etoile Rose' 20

Clematis 'Hagley Hybrid' 20

Elaeagnus ebbingei 20

Euonymus fortunei 'Silver Queen' 20

Hedera algeriensis 'Gloire de Marengo' 20

Hedera colchica 'Sulphur Heart' 21

Hydrangea petiolaris 21

Indigofera heterantha 21

PLANTPLANT PAGEPAGE

CONDITIONS CONDITIONS

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48 GARDENING WITHOUT HARMFUL INVASIVE PLANTS 49A PLANTLIFE / RHS GUIDE

Sedum spectabile 37

Silene noctifl ora 37

Valeriana offi cinalis 37

Viburnum bodnantense 37

Callitriche stagnalis 38

Ceratophyllum demersum 38

Eleocharis acicularis 38

Fontinalis antipyretica 38

Hottonia palustris 38

Myriophyllum spicatum 39

Myriophyllum verticillatum 39

Potamogeton crispus 39

Ranunculus aquatilis 39

Hydrocharis morsus-ranae 39

Nymphaea alba 40

Nymphaea hardy hybrids 40

Alisma plantago-aquatica 40

Butomus umbellatus 40

Caltha palustris 40

Canna 'Endeavour' 41

Canna 'Erebus' 41

Canna 'Ra' 41

Chrysosplenium davidianum 41

Lysimachia nummularia 'Aurea' 41

Mentha aquatica 42

Menyanthes trifoliata 42

Myosotis scorpioides 42

Sagittaria sagittifolia 42

Thalia dealbata 42

Astilboides tabularis 43

Carex elata 'Aurea' 43

Darmera peltata 43

Eriophorum angustifolium 43

Hosta 'Sum and Substance' 43

Iris ensata 44

Iris pseudacorus 44

Iris sibirica 44

Ligularia 'Gregynog Gold' 44

Zantedeschia aethiopica 44

Sarcococca hookeriana 29

Skimmia japonica 'Nymans' 29

Viburnum betulifolium 29

Viburnum burkwoodii cultivars 29

Acer palmatum 30

Arbutus andrachnoides 30

Cercis siliquastrum 30

Crataegus laevigata 'Paul's Scarlet' 30

Crataegus lavalleei 30

Fraxinus ornus 31

Liquidambar styracifl ua 31

Magnolia grandifl ora 31

Malus 'Golden Hornet' 31

Nyssa sylvatica 31

Parrotia persica 32

Prunus cerasifera 'Pissardii' 32

Sorbus 'Joseph Rock' 32

Sorbus thibetica 'John Mitchell' 32

Anthriscus sylvestris ‘Ravenswing’ 33

Aster linosyris 33

Aster novi-belgii 33

Buddleja globosa 33

Ceanothus thyrsifl orus 33

Chimonanthus praecox 34

Chimonanthus praecox 'Luteus' 34

Erica darleyensis 34

Hamamelis intermedia 34

Heliotropium arborescens 34

Hesperis matronalis 35

Hyssopus offi cinalis 35

Ilex aquifolium 'J. C. van Tol' 35

Ilex altaclarensis 35

Kniphofi a rooperi 35

Mahonia media 36

Malus 'Golden Hornet' 36

Matthiola longipetala subsp. bicornis 36

Narcissus cultivars 36

Nicotiana alata 36

Nicotiana sylvestris 37

PLANTPLANT PAGEPAGE Dry

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CONDITIONS CONDITIONS

50 GARDENING WITHOUT HARMFUL INVASIVE PLANTS 51A PLANTLIFE / RHS GUIDE

CreditsImages used under Creative Commons licences (1-6): Attribution 2.0 Generic Attribution-Share Alike 2.0 Generic Attribution-Noncommercial 2.0 Generic Attribution-No Derivative Works 2.0 Generic Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2.0 Generic Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 2.0 Generic Images used under GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2

Front cover image © Ben Goldsmith

Inside layout design by Andrew Evans

Please remember to dispose of all your garden waste

responsibly. Some invasive non-native plants can re-grow

from tiny fragments and impact greatly on the countryside.

Chemical treatment is required to protect a rare fern

in the New Forest National Park from invasive Parrot's-feather.

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