GAP Writing/Grammar

Shinsuke Tsuchiya

Continuous

• Rules• Examples• Practice

Tense• Use ‘be’ verbs to express tesnse

Past Continuous: a continuous action that was interruptedEx. I was living in Texas when I graduated from high school and moved away.

Present Continuous: current continuous actionEx. I am currently living in a duplex.

Future Continuous: future continuous actionEx. I will be living in a house.

To live Past Present Future

Simple Lived Live Will live

Continuous Was living Am living Will be living

verbs that end in a consonant and -e

hope: hoping, hopeddate: dating, datedinjure: injuring, injured

verbs that end in a vowel and a consonant

one-syllable verbsVerbs that end in a single vowel and a consonantstop: stopping, stoppedrob: robbing, robedbeg: begging, begged• verbs that end in vowels and a consonantrain: raining, rainedfool: fooling, fooleddream: dreaming, dreamed

verbs that end in a vowel and a consonant

two-syllable verbs (watch for stress)• stress on first syllable

listen: listening, listenedoffer: offering, offeredopen: opening, opened

• stress on second syllablebegin: beginning, beganprefer: preferring, preferredcontrol: controlling, controlled

verbs that end in two consonants

start: starting, startedfold: folding, foldeddemand: demanding, demanded

verbs that end in -y

• Vowel + yenjoy: enjoying, enjoyedpray: praying, prayedbuy: buying, bought

• consonant + ystudy: studying, studiedtry: trying, triedreply: replying, replied

verbs that end in -ie

die: dying, diedlie: lying, lied

irregular verbs

buy: buying, boughtbreak: breaking, brokecome: coming, camefind: finding, foundhit: hitting, hitswim: swimming, swam

New Project

• Brochure for festival/celebration in country• New grammar pattern: WH-question + present• Brainstorm ideas/Create an outline

What is a brochure?

• Purpose-To inform your audience about your cultural festival/event• a question-answer format-Questions that your audience might have Ex. What is hinamatsuri?-Which information is most important for that audience?

Brainstorming activityWhat kind of questions do you have?

• Japanese hinamatsuri

Outline• What is hinamatsuri? -a doll festival held in March 3rd every year. -the girl’s day in Japan -it celebrates girl’s growth• What is the history behind hinamatsuri? -it began in Heian period (794 to 1185) -dolls were set afloat (taking troubles or bad spirits with the dolls)• What are the customs?-families display the dolls in February until March 3rd

-families takes the dolls down immediately after the festival*leaving the dolls past March 4 will result in a late marriage for the daughter.• What does each doll symbolize? Etc.

Let’s brainstorm for ideas and make an outline

• Festivals/events in country• What kind of questions do people have?• Outline

Evaluate your brochure• In order to evaluate your brochure, please ask yourself the following questions.

1. Does your brochure answer the basic questions a person might ask about your topic? These are the what, where, when, why, how questions.

2. Does it have a title that will interest the audience? 3. Are there interesting pictures and/or graphs that help to present your

information?4. Is your information grammatically correct?5. Have you tried to use good academic vocabulary?6. Is the format of your brochure easy to read, and does it follow a logical

presentation style?7. Have you used your own words and not copied text from the internet or other

sources?