ganoderma disease in oil palm and integrated … · 2017-03-05 · ganoderma had caused a...
TRANSCRIPT
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GANODERMA DISEASE IN OIL PALM AND INTEGRATED CONTROLLING
APPROACHES
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ECONOMIC LOSSES
According to MPOB (2014):
• In Malaysia, about 4%(60,000 ha) of the total oilpalm trees infected with thedisease that caused yieldlosses amounted to RM1.5billion.
• It was estimated that thetotal area affected by BSR in2020 would be around450,000 ha.
Ganoderma had caused asignificant economic loss in oilpalm producing countriesespecially Southeast Asia.
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SYMPTOMS OF GANODERMAINFECTED PALM
Foliar symptoms (yellowing, wilting, dry, unopened spear)
Presence of Ganoderma(mycelium,small white button,fruiting bodies )
Less yield (reduce bunch no and small fruits)
Stem rotted
Fell and death palms
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CAUSES OF INFECTION
Natural (inoculums in soil) Root infection (healthy
root contact with infected root or Ganodermainoculums (infected stump)
The role of Basidiospores Spores transmit by air &
vector (insects) MPOB (2003) - 10 out of 13
species of insect were foundto carry basidiospores ofGanoderma includingEpiscapha 4-maculata as thehighest agent.
Basal Stem Rot Upper Stem Rot
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Ganoderma Management in FELDA
Recommendation
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Cultural Method
Mounding >> prolong lifespan for 3-5yrs
Sanitation (2m x2m x 1.5m)
Plough
Chemical Control
Fungicide (hexaconazole) application(MPOB)
Biological Control
Arbuscular mychorrhizal fungi (AMF)
Trichoderma Formulations
Tolerant Planting Materials
Current Management of BSR
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Census
Classify the infected palms by Category.
Mark the infected palm using paint or tape.
Record the infected palm in census form and maps.
Marked the infected palm using GPS.
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Soil Mounding Application
Oil palm trunk Soil
2 meter width
1 meter
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Summarised data collected over 5 years period of study
Treatments
Palm stand Cost (RM) FFB Yield (Cumulative) Profit
increase
over control
(%)Original
palms
Remaining
palmsCost/palm
Overall
Cost
(RM)
FFB
Weight
(tonnes)
Amount
(RM)
Net profit
(RM)
(T1)
SM+AMF28
10a
(35.71%)19 532 11.35a 5,884.55 5,352.55 86.75
(T2)
SM+Compost 28
7a
(25.00%)20.5 574 10.17a 5,270.39 4,696.39 63.86
T3
(SM only)27
13a
(48.15%)13 351 10.16a 5,264.17 4,913.17 71.42
T4
(Control)28
3b
(10.71%)0 0 5.53b 2,866.10 2,866.10 0
Soil Mounding Application
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Sanitation
Sanitation practicecould reduce the rateof Ganodermainfection from 43.38%to 0.93% at 10 yearsafter replanted (Idriset al., 2004; Flood etal., 2012)
2 x 2 x 1.5 m
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I. Plough is recommended in thearea with Ganodermaincidence higher than 10%.
II. Planting density up to 148palms/ha for new generation.
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Underplanting VS Normal Planting Techniques
Underplanting technique increase Ganoderma incidence (33.7%) as compared toclean clearing technique (14%) and windrowing technique (17.6%) after 15 years ofreplanting (Khairuddin, 1990).
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• Underplanting area 4.90% vs normal planting at 2.39%; reduced 51% disease incidence • (after 12 years replant)
GPS Mapping FELDA Jengka 13 (Underplanting Technique Vs Normal Planting)
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Palmashield, A Trichoderma product for
Ganoderma Basal Stem Rot Disease in Oil Palm
Hamdan IbrahimElya Masya Mohd PishalNor Hidayah BokhariBeneficial Microbes Centre
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• Trichoderma sp. are the most studied fungal asBiological Control Agents (BCAs) andbiofertilizer.
• Endophytic Trichoderma have been studied inthe tropical crop such as Theobroma cacao(Samuels et al., 2000; Holmes et al., 2004;Bailey et al., 2006; Hanada et al., 2008).
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Trichoderma sp. as Biocontrol Agent against Ganoderma
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Endophytic Trichoderma Product (Biocontrol
Agent)
General Characteristic of T. asperellum (M103)
• Isolated from healthy oil palm roots.
• Antagonistic against G. boninense through in-vitro study: >
80% PIRG.
• Optimum pH : 3.5 to 4.5
• Optimum temperature : 30°C
• Producing biological active compound that toxic to G.
boninense.
• Able to produce cellulase, amylase and ligninase enzymes.
• Able to colonize and sustain in the roots of oil palm.
• Improve soil biodiversity especially at the field.
• Powder formulation form.
• Initial product population achieved 1010 CFU/gram
and gradually decrease to 108 CFU/gram after 12
months storage.
• Moisture content < 30%.
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Development of Trichoderma product, Nursery Testing
Ganoderma Testing Nursery, Ulu Belitung, Kluang, Johor
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Oil palm seedlings with and without Palmashield.
Palmashield effectiveness
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Lysis of Ganoderma mycelium caused by Trichoderma metabolites.
Trichoderma mycelium & spores
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0
10
20
30
40
50
60
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
(%)
Dis
eas
e In
cid
en
ce
Month after Ganoderma Inoculation
Palmashield
Control
Treatment Disease
Incidence (%)
Disease
Severity (%)
Dead Seedling
(%)
AUDPC (unit2) Disease
Reduction (%)
Palmashield 19.05 20.94 14.29 73.28 51.67
Control 47.62 40.00 25.4 151.65 0
PALMASHIELD EFFECTIVENESS
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Recommendation
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Stage Dosage Application
Main nursery (3 months seedlings) 50g During transplanted to main nursery .
Planting hole 500g During transplanting to the field.
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Potential of disease reduction for the nextoil palm replanting phase by practicingthese Ganoderma control packages :
70-80%(that will save FELDA/FGV revenue at leastRM2B for the next op generation orRM30B for the country)
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SAVING YOUR FUTURE OIL PALM’s REVENUE
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Thank you
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