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GANGGUAN VISUAL

Dr. Ahmad Muzayyin, Sp.S.,M.Kes.

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ANATOMY 

 The ProtectiveStructures of theEye :

•  The Orit•  The !ids

•  The Sc"era

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ANATOMY 

 The AnteriorSe#ment of theEye :

•  The $ornea•  The A%ueous

&umor

•

 The 'ris•  The $rysta""ine

!ens ( $i"iaryMusc"e

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ANATOMY 

 The PosteriorSe#ment of theEye :

•  The )etina•  The *itreous

&umor

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ANATOMY 

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ANATOMY 

 The *isua" SystemPath+ays to therain:

•  The Optic -erves (Optic Tracts

•  The !atera"enicu"ate -uc"eus

•  The *isua" $orte/

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VISUAL SYSTEM

Optics:

•  The purpose of the eye is to rin#ima#e from outside +or"d ontoretina.

• 'ma#e is est focused on the fovea(has highest conc. of receptoree!ents"

•  This is achieved y po+erfu" "enssystem 0cornea an# ens".

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VISUAL SYSTEM

• $ornea 1 conve/ "ens that rin#so2ect into focus ( supp"ies 34diopters

• !ens 1 adds additiona" conver#ence. The "ens can a"so thic5en0accommodation6 +hich adds a fe+

more diopters, supp"yin# a sum of 74diopters.

•  Tota" 1 84 d

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Vision #ist$r%ance

• Emmetropia 0norma" vision6: cornea9"enssystem focuses ima#es on the retina.

• Myopia 0nearsightedness): cornea/lens

system focuses images in front of the retina• &yperopia 0farsightedness): cornea/lens

system focuses images behind the retina

• Presyopia 0o"d eyes;6: !ens e#ins tosti

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Lesions in Vis$a &ath'a

• Blindness/scotoma aecting only one eye = lesion in theEye (such as damaged retina or ophtha"mic artery6, theoptic nerve) or optic neuritis 0as in MS6, or an optic tumor.

•

Blindness/scotoma aecting diferent visual elds ineach eye = lesion at  Optic chiasm

? itempora" hemi?anopsia 0"oss of tempora" visua" @e"ds6 1media" dama#e chiasm +hich means oss of crosse#*%ers 0$auses: pituitary tumor or aneurysm of A$A6.

? Bni"atera" "oss of nasa" visua" @e"d 0macu"ar re#ion6 1"atera" dama#e at chiasm +hich is a oss of $ncrosse#*%ers 0$ause: carotid aneurysm6.

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Lesions in Vis$a &ath'a

• Blindness/scotoma a

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Lesions in Vis$a &ath'a

• Blindness/scotoma sparing centra vis$a *e# in each eye(Mac$ar sparing +e!ianopia" 1 "esion invo"vin# Vis$acorte.

? Bsua""y resu"t in incomp"ete visua" "oss +9 macu"ar sparin#.

 The macu"ar re#ion is disproportionate"y represented in the

corte/, so an incomp"ete disruption of function is "i5e"y to a""o+

some macu"ar vision to remain.

  ? $ommon vascu"ar "esions: P$A or M$A

? !esions:

  ? Superior Cuadrant Anopsia 1 /eo' ca"carine @ssure? 'nferior Cuadrant Anopsia 1 A%ove ca"carine @ssure

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Lesions in Vis$a &ath'a

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