gandharav katyal solar cell manufacturing ppt

7/27/2019 GANDHARAV KATYAL SOLAR CELL MANUFACTURING PPT

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Solar Photo VoltaicCell

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CENTRAL ELECTRONICS LIMITEDSAHIBABAD (U.P.) INDIA

PRESENTED TO:

Mr. Lalit SangwamMr. Manish

FROM:GANDHARAV KATYAL

ECE ,SEC-A(1003231030)


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CONTENTS

INTODUCTION.

SOLAR CELL MANUFACTURING

TECHNOLOGY.ALL PROCESSES AND PROCEDURES.

ADVANTGES OF SOLAR TECHNOLOGY.

APPLICATIONS.


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Introduction

SOLAR CELLS

A typical silicon PV cell is composed ofa thin wafer consisting ofan

ultra-thin layer of phosphorus-doped (N-type) silicon on top of a

thicker layer of boron-doped (P-type) silicon.

An electrical field is created near the top surface of the cell where

these two materials are in contact, called the P-N junction.

When sunlight strikes the surface of a PV cell, this electrical field

provides momentum and direction to light-stimulated electrons,

resulting in a flow of current when the solar cell is connected to an

electrical load


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n-typesemiconductor

p-type

semiconductor

+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + +- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Physics of Photovoltaic Generation

DepletionZone


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Silicon Crystalline Technology

Mono crystalline PV Cells

Made using saw-cut from single

cylindrical crystal of SiOperating efficiency up to 15%

Multi Crystalline PV Cells

Caste from ingot of melted

and recrystallised siliconCell efficiency ~12%

Accounts for 90% ofcrystalline Si market


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PV MODULE PARAMETERS


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00


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WAFER FORMATION


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SILICON CRYSTAL


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Silicon Ingots & Wafers


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30.09.2013New Generation Silicon Solar Cells

Polishing

To ensure that wafer surface is free from any cut mark.

Anti reflection layer One or more layers reduction from 30-35% to 5%-10%

Mainly 600nm transmission

Silicon nitride or transparent layers, e.g. SiO2; TiO2; Ta2O5

ITO can be used as anti reflection layer and at the same time as a transparentcontact

Double anti reflection layers ZnS or MgF2

Texturing (light trapping) Use NaOH, KOH in etching baths

The etching works anisotropic 2m - 10m

big pyramids on (100) oriented crystall planes

Diffusion

PROCESSES INVOLVED IN MANUFACTURING


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Phosphorous glass cleaning.

Post diffusion cleaning(Edge isolation).

Oxide Passivation.

Front Metal Print(N side contact). Back Metal Print( P side contact Ag-Al).

Back Metal (AL) Contact.

Firing and Sintering.

Testing.


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The rear is printed in two parts. A thick layer of aluminium paste covers

most of the cell and provides aback surface field (BSF).

Silver strips are also printed on the cell for later soldering to the

interconnect metal tabs

Creates ohmic contact between Al and Si

Screen Print Rear Aluminium
http://pveducation.org/pvcdrom/design/surface-recombinationhttp://pveducation.org/pvcdrom/design/surface-recombination


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1. As-cut wafer.

2. Polishing.

3. Textured.

4. Diffused.5. Edge isolated.

6. AR coated.

7. Front -Ag coated.

8. Back pad printed

9. Back Al printed

10.Solar cell.

Manufacturing of Solar Cells


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How Solar Cells Work

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Silicon_Solar_cell_structure_and_mechanism.svg

1. Photons in sunlight hit thesolar panel and are absorbed

by semiconducting materials,

such as silicon.

2. Electrons (negatively charged)are knocked loose from their

atoms, allowing them to flow

through the material to

produce electricity.

3. An array of solar cells

converts solar energy into a

usable amount of

direct current (DC) electricity.
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d7/Silicon_Solar_cell_structure_and_mechanism.svghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d7/Silicon_Solar_cell_structure_and_mechanism.svg


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Silicon Solar Cell


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Solar cell characteristics

30.09.2013New Generation Silicon Solar Cells

Maximum power point (MMP)

depends on:

Temperature

Irradiance

Solar cell characteristics

Wilson s. 209

Efficency coefficent

Performance of solar cell

Fill factor


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-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7

Cu

rrent(A)

Voltage (V)

I-V Characteristics


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TESTNG MACHINE


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MODULE FORMATION


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PV MODULES


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MACHINES USED


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MACHINES USED


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COMPLETE PLANT VEIW


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Solar PV Systems

Cells are the building block of PV systems Typically generate 1.5 - 3 watts of power

Modules or panels are made up of multiple cells Arrays are made up of multiple modules

A typical array costs about $5 $6/watt

Still need lots of other components to make this work Typical systems cost about $8/watt


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ADVANTAGES OF SPV

POLLUTION FREE NO FOSSIL FUEL USED

NO FUEL COST

NOISE FREE

LONG LIFE

MINIMAL MAINTENANCE

RELIABLE

ENERGY-INDEPENDENCE

MODULAR


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Applications of Solar Cells Renewable energy

Can be powered for remotelocations

Its free, limitless, andenvironmentally friendly


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gandharav katyal solar cell manufacturing ppt

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