Dictionary sport terms 2014-1-BG01-KA201-001459

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SOCCER ФУТБОЛ CALCIO FUTBOLAS

1 Anchor man опорен халф Conduttore televisivo centrogynėjas defensywny

pomocnik

záložník v obrane

2 Byline тъч линия Articolo firmato galinėlinija,

aikštelėsriba

linia końcowa koncováčiara

3 Corner ъглов удар angolo kampinis róg (rzut rożny) roh

4 Crossbar напречна греда traversa skersinis poprzeczka priečnebrvno

5 Dragback финт Fare la veronica grąžinimas zwód potiahnutiezadres

(faul)

6 Free kick свободен удар calcio di punizione laisvassmūgis( bauda) rzut wolny voľný kop

7 Goal area вратарска зона Area del goal Įvarčioplotas,

vartininkoaikštelė

pole bramkowe

(piątka)

bránkové pole

8 Goalkeeper вратар portiere vartininkas bramkarz brankár

9 Kickoff

изпълнявам

начален удар от

центъра на

игрището

Calcio d’inizio žaidimopradžia

(smūgiuišcentro)

rozpoczęcie meczu výkop

10 Midfielder полузащитник Centrocampista pagalbinisviduriožaid

ėjas

pomocnik záložník

11 Offside засада Fuorigioco nuošalė spalony ofsajd

12 Pitch игрище Campo futboloaikštė boisko (murawa) ihrisko

13 Penalty area

наказателно поле Area di rigore baudiniųplotas

(baudosaikštelė)

pole karne pokutovéúzemie

14

Penalty spot

точка за

изпълнение на

дузпа

Dischetto del rigore baudiniųvieta

(11metrųžymė)

jedenastka pokutový kop

( jedenástka)

15 Shin pads кори за футбол Parastinchi blauzdųapsaugos nagolenniki chrániče

16 Striker нападател Attaccante pagrindinispuolėjas napastnik útočník

17 Studs бутонки Tacchetti futbolobateliai korki kopačky

18 Substitute смяна Sostituzione atsarginisžaidėjas rezerwowy náhradník

19

Tackle

опит да се отнеме

топката

Placcaggio kamuolioatėmimas

(atkovoti/perimtikam

uolį)

wślizg osobnáobrana

20 Winger крило ala kraštopuolėjas skrzydłowy krídlo

VOLLEYBALL ВОЛЕЙБОЛ PALLAVOLO TINKLINIS

21 Covering the

smash

блокада Copertura del muro apsaugotinuo smūgio

( uždengti smūgį)

asekuracja bloky

22 Dig

извадена топка Copertura del muro gynyba obrona rzutem na

parkiet

bager

23 Double foul спорна топка Doppio fallo dvigubapražanga bez punktu dvojchyba

24 Double touch двоен удар Doppio tocco dvigubasatmušimas podwójne odbicie dvojitéodbitie

25 Dump силен забив Salvataggio išmesti kiwka ulievka

26 Floating service флот сервиз Servizio flottante judėjimas link

platformos

flot plachtiacepodanie

27 Foot fault пристъпване Fallo di piede peržengtigalinęliniją błąd stóp prešľappripodaní

28 Kill къса топка

Schiacciare/Colpire la

palla

priešosunaikinimas atak nie do obrony

(gwóźdź)

útočnýúder

29

Point cap

спечелване на мач с

разлика от две

точки

Respinta della palla apdengtastaškas

(pranašumas)

gra na przewagi rozstrel

30 Rally дълго разиграване Palleggio pasikeitimassmūgiais wymiana výmena

31 Recovery dive

плонж Tuffo di recupero

palla

atsigauti, staigapulti obrona padem

(nurkiem)

obranapádom

32 Scorekeeper

технически секретар Segnapunti išlaikytirezultatą,

taškųskaičiuotojas

sędzia techniczny rozhodca

33 Setter разпределител Alzatore apšilimas rozgrywający rozohrávač

34 Spike забив Schiacciata atmesti ścin smeč

35 Spiker нападател Schiacciatore puolėjas atakujący útočník/smečiar

ATHLETICS ЛЕКА АТЛЕТИКА ATLETICA ATLETIKA

36 Baton щафета Testimone per la

staffetta

lazda pałeczka štafetovýkolík

37 Decathlon десетобой Decathlon dešimtkovė dziesięciobój desaťboj

38 Discus throw хвърляне на диск Lancio del disco diskometimas rzut dyskiem hoddiskom

39 Hammer throw хвърляне на чук Lancio del martello kūjometimas rzut młotem hodkladivom

40 Heptathlon седмобой eptathlon septynkovė siedmiobój sedemboj

41 High jump висок скок salto in alto šuolis į aukštį skok wzwyż skok do výšky

42 Hurdles

бягане с

препятствия

ostacolо kliūtys (barjerai) płotki prekážky

43 Hurdles events

състезателни

препятствия

Corsa ad ostacoli barjerinisbėgimas biegi przez płotki behcezprekážky

44 Javelin

хвърляне на копие Giavellotto ietis oszczep (rzut

oszczepem)

oštep/hodoštepom

45 Long jump дълъг скок salto in lungo šuolis į tolį skok w dal skok do diaľky

46 Pole Vault овчарски скок salto con l'asta šuolissukartimi skok o tyczce skok o žrdi

47 Relay events щафетни състезания gare di staffetta estafetė biegi sztafetowe štafeta

48 Shot put тласкане на гюле lancio del peso rituliostūmimas pchnięcie kulą vrhguľou

49

Steeplechase

бягане с

препятствия на

3 000 м.

Corsa a ostacoli 3

kilometrųbėgimassukl

iūtimis

bieg na 3 kilometry z

przeszkodami

behcezprekážkyna 3

kilometre

50 Triple jump троен скок Salto triplo trišuolis trójskok trojskok

TENNIS ТЕНИС TENNIS TENISAS

51

Ace

точка спечелена с

един удар при

сервиз

Servizio neatmušamaspadavim

as

A as serwisowy eso

52 Deuce равен резултат Parità lygiai równowaga zhoda

53 Double fault

двойна грешка doppio fallo dvigubaklaida podwójny błąd

serwisowy

dvojchyba

54 Doubles игра по двойки Doppio 2*2 (žaidimasporose) gra w debla štvorhra

55 Rally смяна на полетата Palleggio pasikeitimassmūgiais wymiana výmena

56 Receiver посрещач ricevitore priiminėtojas przyjmujący prijímač

57 Seed

топ ранк листа Giocatore qualificato atrinktaspagalpajėgu

mątenisininkas

numer rozstawiony nasadenéčíslo

58 Slice несполучлив удар Colpo di taglio suktinissmūgis podcięcie piłki podanie

59 Straight sets победа без загуба

(първите 3 от 5

гейма)

Colpo di Diritto laimėjimas

(povienopralaimėjimo

wygrana w setach do

zera

čistáhra

60 Umpire съдия, рефер giudice arbitro teisėjas arbiter rozhodca

WINTER

SPORTS

ЗИМНИ

СПОРТОВЕ

SPORT

INVERNALI

Žiemossportošakos

61 Biathlon

биатлон Biathlon biatlonas biathlon biatlon

62 Bobsled

бобслей bob ledrogiųsportas bobsleje bobovádráha

63 Figure skating

фигурно пързаляне pattinaggio artistico dailusisčiuožimas jazda figurowa na

lodzie

krasokorčuľovanie

64 Ice hockey

хокей на лед Hockey sul ghiaccio ledoritulys hokej na lodzie ľadovýhokej

65 Luge

едноместна шейна Slittino rogutės saneczkarstwo sánkovanie

66 Skates

кънки pattini pačiūžos łyżwy korčule

67 Skiing

ски Sciare slidinėjimas narciarstwo lyžovanie

68 Ski jumping

ски скок Salto dal trampolino šuoliaisuslidėmis skoki narciarskie skokynalyžiach

69 Snowboarding

сноуборд snowboard čiuožimassnieglente jazda na desce snowboardovanie

70 Speed Skating

бягане с кънки Pattinaggio di velocità greitasisčiuožimas łyżwiarstwo szybkie

(panczeny)

rýchlokorčuľovanie

WATER

SPORTS

ВОДНИ

СПОРТОВЕ

SPORT

ACQUATICI

71 Canoeing гребане Andare in canoa plaukimassubaidarėm

is

kajakarstwo kanoistika

72 Canoe кану Canoa baidarė/kanoja kajak kanoe

73 Back-paddle

плуване по гръб

само с крака

Pagaia plaukimasnugara pływanie na plecach pádlovanie

74 Diving

гмуркане Tuffi nardymas skoki do wody skoky do vody

75

Boat racing

състезание с лодки Regate valčiųlenktynės,

irklavimovaržybos

wyściki łodziami veslárskepreteky

76 Rowing

гребане Canottaggio irklavimas wioślarstwo veslovanie

77 Scuba diving

гмуркане Fare immersioni nardymassuakvalangu nurkowanie z rurką potápanie so

skafandrom

78

Skin diving

подводно плуване Skin diving/Attività

subacquea

nardymassuakvalangu

(be narokostiumo)

nurkowanie

swobodne

potápaniebezskafandr

a

79 Surfing сърфинг surf banglenčiųsportas serfowanie surfovanie

Swimming competitions are held in four major categories:

80 Freestyle свободен стил Stile libero laisvasstilius (kraulis) styl dowolny (kraul) voľnýštýl

81 Breaststroke бруст Rana klasikinisstilius

(varlytė)

styl klasyczny

(żabka)

štýlprsia

82 Butterfly бътерфлай Farfalla plaukimas (petetiškė) styl motylkowy

(delfin)

štýlmotýlik

83 Backstroke плуване по гръб Dorso plaukimasnugara styl grzbietowy štýlznak

Over a variety of distances. They include both individual and team events.

84 Synchronized

swimming

синхронно плуване Nuoto

sincronizzato/Sincro

sinchroninisplaukima

s

pływanie

synchroniczne

synchronizovanépláv

anie

85 Water polo водна топка Pallanuoto vandensvydis piłka wodna vodnépólo

86 Water skiing

водни ски Sci d’acqua vandenslidžiųsportas jazda na nartach

wodnych

vodnélyžovanie

87 Windsurfing

уиндсърфинг Windsurf burlenčiųsportas jazda na desce

serfingowej

surfovanie

88 Yachting

(Sailing)

яхта (плаване с

яхта)

Vela plaukiojimasjachta/bu

riavimas

Żeglarstwo plachtenie

ACTIVITY AND ADVENTURE SPORTS

89 Ballooning

летене с балон Andare in

mongolfiera

balionų sportas latanie balonem let balónom

90 Cycle racing

(cycling)

състезание с

колелета

Competizioni

ciclistiche (Ciclismo)

dviračiųsportas kolarstwo cyklistika

91 Gliding планиране Parapendio sklandymas szybownictwo plachtenievovzduchu

92 Hang gliding

делтапланеризъм Volare con il

deltaplano

akrobatinėskraidyklė akrobacje lotnicze plachtenienapadákoch

93 Horse racing

конни надбягвания Ippica žirgųlenktynės jazda konna (wyścigi

konne)

jazdanakoni

(konskédostihy)

94 Mountain bike

racing

състезания с

планински

велосипеди

Gare di Mountain

Bike

kalnųdviračiųlenktyn

ės

kolarstwo górske

(przełajowe)

jazdanahorskombicyk

li

95 Mountaineering алпинизъм Scalata alpinizmas wspinaczka górska horolezectvo

96 Parachuting

парашутизъм Lancio con

paracadute

parašiutųsportas spadochroniarstwo parašutizmus

97 Paragliding параглайдинг Volo con parapendio sklandymasparašiutu paralotniarstwo paragliding

98 Roller skating

пързаляне с ролкови

кънки

Pattinaggio a rotelle čiuožimasredučiais jazda na rolkach jazdanakolieskovýchk

orčuliach

99 Skateboarding

каране на скейтборд Andare in skateboard važinėjimassuriedlent

e

jazda na deskorolce jazdanadoske

100 Weightlifting

вдигане на тежести Sollevamento Pesi sunkumųkilnojimas/s

unkiojiatletika

podnoszenie ciężarów vzpieranie

DICTIONARY DEFINITIONS

1. SOCCER Anchor man A player who operates just in front of the defense, playing as a defensive midfielder.

2. Byline The line at each end of the pitch (the shortest sides), including goal line.

3. Corner When the defending team puts the ball over the byline, the attacking team is awarded a corner

kick which is taken from the quarter circle by the corner flag. It is taken from the same side of

the goal on which the ball went out of play.

4. Crossbar A horizontal bar connecting the top of the two goalposts; it should be 8ft from the ground

5. Dragback A skillful move in which the ball is rolled back with the sole of the foot to fool the opposing

player.

6. Free kick A kick awarded to a team resulting from an offense committed by the opposition; to be taken

from where the offense occurred.

7. Goal area A rectangular area of 6 x 20yd surrounding each goal, within the penalty area; often called the

6yd box.

8. Goalkeeper Goalkeeper - Each team has a designated goalkeeper, whose role is to stop the opposing team

from scoring a goal. The goalkeeper is the only player who is allowed to handle the ball, but

this is permissible only inside his own penalty area.

9. Kickoff The start of the game, the start of the second half, or the restart after a goal has been scored.

The ball must be passed to another player before the player who kicked off can touch it again.

10 Midfielder A player who generally operates in the middle of the pitch providing a link between defense

and attack and often helping out with both duties.

11 Offside A foul committed by an attacking player who is caught nearer to the opposing goal than two or

fewer opponents when the ball is played, and who was deemed to be interfering with play in

the process. The defending side is awarded a free kick, to be taken from where the offense took

place.

12 Pitch The pitch is rectangular and must be 50-100yd wide and 100-130yd long. There is a goal and

marked-out goal area in the middle of each end of the pitch.

13 Penalty area A rectangular area 18 x 44yd surrounding each goal. The goalkeeper is permitted to handle the

ball only in this area.

14 Penalty spot The mark from which a penalty kick is taken, 12yd from the goal-line directly in front of the

goal.

15 Shin pads Protective pads which players are obliged to wear inside their socks to minimize injuries to

their shins.

16 Striker A forward player who is expected to score, and assist in scoring goals.

17 Studs Attached to the bottom of a player's shoe, they must be of solid rubber, plastic, aluminium or

similar material. They provide extra grip when the field is slippery.

18 Substitute A player who does not start the game but may be used as a replacement for a teammate at any

stage during a game. A substitute can come on the field of play only with the referee's

permission, and when the ball has gone out of play. The number of substitutes a team is

allowed varies from two to five players.

19 Tackle When a player wins the ball from an opponent by intercepting it without committing a foul.

The tackle from behind has recently been outlawed on safety grounds, as has the sliding two-

footed tackle.

20 Winger player who stays out on either side of the pitch with the intention of dragging opposing

defenders wide and spreading out the defense to create holes for the central strikers to move

into.

21 Volleyball Covering the smash Covering the smash - Occurs when a player is smashing the ball. Their fellow teammates close

in around the player in case the opposing block sends the ball back into their court, giving them

a better chance of playing the ball before it reaches ground level.

22 Dig When the ball is played on a player's outstretched forearms. This move is used when the ball is

either traveling very low or moving very fast.

23 Double foul When players from both teams commit a foul at the same time. The point will be replayed.

24 Double touch When the ball touches two parts of a player's body in succession, or when a player touches the

ball twice in a row.

25 Dump The action of a player tipping the ball with their fingertips just over or to the side of the block.

26 Floating service When the ball moves through the air without any spin, giving it the appearance of floating in

the air. The serve can dip or swerve suddenly when the speed of the ball drops.

27 Foot fault Occurs when a player while serving places a foot over or on the back line or when any player

puts a foot over the center line into their opponents side of the court.

28 Kill A spike that cannot be returned, giving the attacking team a point or a sideout.

29 Point cap Used when a game ends without a clear winner. A team wins by being ahead by two points or

reaching 17 points first.

30 Rally The complete number of hits between the teams. The team that wins the rally wins the serve.

31 Recovery dive Enables a player to put the ball in front or to the side of the opposing players. The point is

saved by diving toward the ball and playing it on the back of the hand before landing.

32 Scorekeeper Sits facing the first referee. Logs points and time-outs, and ensures that substitutions are legal

33 Setter Normally a specialist player whose purpose is to set up the ball for a spike.

34 Spike A hard-driven ball that is hit when trying to score or gain a side out.

35 Spiker The title given to the player who finishes the attack by hitting the ball across the net fast and

hard.

36 ATHLETICS Baton A smooth, hollow, cylindrical, tube normally made of metal used for all relay races. It

measures a maximum of long and must weigh no less than 1.8oz. Each team's baton should be

a different color to assist the judges.

37 Decathlon A competition of 10 events for men that includes the 110m hurdles

38 Discus throw The correct way to hold the discus is to grip it with one hand while twisting the body and then

releasing while still in the circle. The competitor must begin their throw from a stationary

position. Any throwing technique is allowed as long as it conforms to the official rules of the

event.

39 Hammer throw The throw begins with the competitor inside the circle in a stationary position. The hammer is

allowed to rest on the ground either on the inside or outside of the circle. The competitor makes

a swinging action with the hammer before releasing it. The competitor must stay inside the

circle until the hammer has landed.

40 Heptathlon A competition of seven events for female athletes that includes the 100m hurdles.

41 High jump In this event, competitors attempt to jump over a crossbar that is supported between two

vertical poles set 13ft apart, known as uprights. When a competitor successfully clears a height

without knocking the crossbar from its supports, the height is increased for the next jump.

42 Hurdles The hurdle consists of two uprights, which support a rectangular frame with a level top rail.

The minimum weight of the hurdle should be 22lb. The hurdle should be of either wood or

metal, with the top bar colored for maximum visibility. The maximum width of the hurdle

should be 4ft.

43 Hurdles events The hurdles events in athletics consist of the men's and women's 400m, the men's 110m and the

women's 100m. The decathlon and heptathlon competitions also involve hurdles events. I

neach hurdles event, the athletes must run over 10 hurdles.

44 Javelin The javelin is a spear-like instrument that individual competitors throw as far as possible

within a marked area. The athlete who throws the javelin the farthest is the winner.

45 Long jump In the long jump athletes attempt to jump as far as possible into a sandpit from a takeoff board

following a sprint run-up.

46 Pole Vault An event in which competitors have to vault over a high crossbar using a flexible pole as a

lever. The heights are much greater than for the high jump, but the principles are the same.

After successfully clearing a height without knocking the crossbar from its supports, the height

is increased for the next jump.

47 Relay events In athletics, relay races are run for both men and women over 100m (4 x 100m) and 400m (4 x

400m). Each relay team consists of four competitors. A baton is passed from one team member

to another in succession, and the team that completes the race first is the winner. In the 4 x

100m, the race is run strictly in lanes; in the 4 x 400m, however, only the first leg is run in

lanes, and on the second and subsequent legs the runners are allowed to break to the inside lane

once the first bend has been run. The team in the lead at each changeover point is allowed to

take the inside lane.

48 Shot put The shot is a spherical metal ball that a competitor must "put" (throw) from their shoulder as

far as possible into a marked sector. Each competitor must put the shot from within the circle,

and it must land within a marked sector. Each competitor normally has six puts, and the athlete

who puts the shot the farthest wins the event. In the event of a tie, the competitor who has

thrown the second-best throw is declared the winner.

49 Steeplechase The steeplechase is considered a long distance event, and the standard Olympic distance is the

3000m. It is run over seven and a half laps of the track, with four hurdles and one water jump

on each lap. The event originated from cross-country events, with the water jump representing

a ditch.

50 Triple jump The triple jump is made up of a hop, a skip and a jump before the competitor lands in a sand

area. The winner is the competitor who jumps the furthest after completing this sequence

successfully. Each competitor has six attempts. If there is a tie, the winner is decided by

comparing the relevant competitors' second-best jumps.

51 TENNIS Triple jump The triple jump is made up of a hop, a skip and a jump before the competitor lands in a sand

area. The winner is the competitor who jumps the furthest after completing this sequence

successfully. Each competitor has six attempts. If there is a tie, the winner is decided by

comparing the relevant competitors' second-best jumps.

52 Deuce Deuce is reached when both players have 40 points (i.e. 40-all). To win the game from this

point a player must win two consecutive points or the score will keep returning to deuce.

53 Double fault A player who serves a fault on his second serve is said to have made a double fault and loses

the point.

54 Doubles Played under the same rules as singles, but with two players on each side on a wider court and

with a different order of serving and returning. Partners take turns serving (once every four

games therefore) and can change their order only at the start of a new set. Similarly, partners

decide whether to receive serve from the left or right-hand service court for the duration of a

set. Players can hit in any order during a rally.

55 Rally The term describing the series of shots once a point has begun. A rally continues until the point

contested has been won or lost.

56 Receiver The player who is receiving the shot from the server.

57 Seed There are normally 16 seeds in a competition. A seed is a player who is considered to be

among the most likely to win that tournament. The draw for a tournament is arranged in such a

way that the seeds cannot play each other until the later rounds. In theory, the first and second

seeds should play each other in the final.

58 Slice A stroke that applies spin to either cause the ball to swerve in the air and/or stay low after

bouncing.

59 Straight sets A player is said to have won a match in straight sets if he wins without conceding a set.

60 Umpire The official who sits in a raised chair in line with the net and who is in overall charge of the

match.

61 WINTER

SPORTS

Biathlon Biathlon is a winter sport that incorporates both cross-country skiing and rifle shooting.

Competitors use small-bore rifles. The biathlon includes both individual and team events.

62 Bobsled Teams of between two and four men or two women compete on a specially built course

consisting of a twisting downhill run in a narrow channel of ice. They aim to complete the

course as rapidly as possible by taking the best line on the banked bends and maximizing their

speed on the straightaways. Bobsleds are made of steel and composite material. The driver is

able to steer his bob by pulling on ropes which are connected to a front axle. The maximum

weight for a two-man bob is 858lb for a two-woman bob 814lb and for a four-man bob 1386lb.

63 Curling Curling is played with four players, who deliver round stones across the ice to a marked

scoring area called the house.

64 Figure skating Figure skating is split into four different types: singles for men and women, pairs skating and

ice dancing. Competitors are marked on technical merit and artistic impression.

65 Ice hockey Ice hockey is a fast contact sport played between two teams with no more than six players

from each team on the playing surface at one time. The object is to put the puck into the

opponent's goal as many times as possible during the three 20-minute periods of play.

66 Luge luge is contested in toboggans down a purpose-built ice track, and is similar to bobsled racing.

Competitors make four runs, and there are individual events for men and women. The winner is

the competitor with the best aggregate time. The main difference between the luge and bobsled

is that the courses are usually more twisting and tortuous.

67 Skiing Skiing is divided into three categories: Alpine, Nordic and freestyle. Alpine includes downhill,

slalom, giant slalom, super-G races and the Alpine combined event. Nordic skiing includes

cross-country ski jumping and the Nordic combined event. Freestyle includes aerials, mogul

skiing and ballet.

68 Ski jumping Ski jumping is a Nordic discipline that requires the competitor to use a combination of

strength, courage and grace. Each ski jumper takes two jumps from a specially built hill. They

are judged on style, technique and the distance reached.

69 Snowboarding Snowboarding is a fun and demanding sport that includes free riding and racing while standing

on a single board that is shorter and wider than a ski. In freestyle events, snowboarders perform

spectacular stunts that involve taking to the air. The racing event is a timed discipline, with

competitors racing around gates or poles.

70 Speed Skating Speed skating is an invigorating sport to watch and participate in. Two competitors race against

each other in a counterclockwise direction around an ice track, the winner being the competitor

who achieves the fastest time around the track. Skaters compete in short-track and long-track

events, racing in either packs of four to six or against one other. Points are awarded in relation

to the skater's time in each event. The overall winner is the skater with the lowest number of

points.

71 WATER

SPORTS

Canoeing Canoeing is divided into two main events, sprint racing and slalom events. Sprint racing is held

for one-man, two-man and four-man kayak and Canadian canoe events. Slalom racing is held

in individual and team events for one-man kayaks for both men and women, and one-man and

two-man Canadian canoe events for men only.

72 Canoe polo Canoe polo is contested by two teams of five players each. Using polo kayaks, the competitors'

objective is to score as many goals as possible against the opposing team.

73 Back-paddle swimming on the back with the legs making a crawl-like kick and the arms remaining by the

side ,with the hands making propeller-type movements.

74 Diving Diving is a specialized sport and requires its competitors to combine agility and strength with

balance and coordination. There are two main categories: the springboard and the high board.

75 Dragon boat racing Dragon boat racing - it is a team event in which competitors use Oriental-style boats, with

dragon heads on the front. Each boat has a drummer to beat out a rhythm and keep the crew in

unison when paddling. The winning team is the first to pass the finish line.

76 Rowing Rowing is a traditional sport that is divided into two basic types of competition: regattas and

head-of-the-river races. The regatta is decided by knockout, with the a final being held to

determine the winning crew. Head-of-the-river races are decided by the crew that achieves the

fastest time over the course.

77 Scuba diving Scuba diving involves diving to depths of up to 50m using breathing apparatus. It is an exciting

sport with a strong emphasis on safety.

78 Skin diving Diving without any breathing apparatus, explores shallow waters.

79 Surfing Surfers ride waves on a shaped board designed for optimum speed and stability in water. In

competition, surfers are required to ride several waves, with each performance being scored

separately.

80 Swimming held

competitions are

in four major

categories:

Freestyle Any stroke may be used for this event, although generally competitors use the front crawl

because this is the fastest of the four racing styles.

81 Breaststroke Method of swimming in which the arms pull back simultaneously with a circular motion and

are pushed forward together from under the chest, the legs are drawn up together with the feet

turned out and kick out and back. The arms and legs remain underneath the water at all times.

82 Butterfly M ethod of swimming in which the arms and legs move simultaneously. The arms pull back

and recover above the water to the starting position. The legs kick in a simultaneous vertical

dolphin movement. It is the second-fastest stroke.

83 Backstroke Method of swimming in which the swimmer lies on their back and propels themselves forward

by using a windmill maneuver with the arms, while the feet perform a flutter kick. It is the only

stroke in which competitors start in the water.

84 Over a variety of

distances. They

include both

individual and

team events.

Synchronized

swimming

Competitors are judged on their performance of set swimming movements performed to a

musical accompaniment. They perform compulsory figures and swimming routines. There are

solos, duets and team routines.

85 Water polo Water polo can be described as a form of water handball. It is a team sport played by both

sexes that demands that its participants are not only excellent swimmers with good mobility in

the water but are able to shoot and catch, preferably with either hand.

86 Water skiing Water skiing involves a skier being attached to a boat by a towrope and being pulled along the

water's surface at great speeds. In competition, it is divided into three sections: slalom,

trickriding and jumping - all of which take great skill and precision.

87 Windsurfing Windsurfing has developed only in the last 20 years, but has become technically advanced

during this period. The race takes place between a set number of competitors (depending on the

competition) on water using a board and sail to move across the water. The winner is the first

competitor to cross the finish line.

88 Yachting Yachting competitions are held on specially marked off courses or offshore. There are many

different classes of yacht, most of them using only sail power.

89 ACTIVITY AND

ADVENTURE

SPORTS

Ballooning Ballooning competitions are based on precision navigation of the balloon using the available

winds. The balloon is controlled by regulating the temperature of the air, that makes it either

ascend or descend.

90 Cycle racing Cycle racing is divided into two main events: track and road racing. They include national and

international competitions, both indoor and outdoor. Indoor events include track races and

stationary races held on sets of rollers.

91 Gliding describes

flying

91. Gliding describes flying in an aircraft without the assistance of engines (it is perfectly

possible to glide in aircraft with engines that are not being used). Gliders are towed into the air

by a winch or other aircraft, and gain height by seeking out thermals. In competition, pilots are

judged on altitude, distance or speed.

92 Hang gliding Hang glider pilots remain airborne for long periods of time, executing turns and other

aerobatics. Pilots use thermals or ridge lift to remain in the air, and are judged on distance and

speed. Pilots use their legs to launch and land the aircraft.

93 Horse racing Horse racing has two main categories: flat racing and racing over jumps. Both events have

many variations, with differing entrance qualifications, distances and prizes.

94 Mountain bike Mountain bike racing is a challenging sport that uses high tech machines to race over varying

courses such as cross-country and dual races.

95 Mountaineering Mountaineering is an outdoor sport where competitors use their skill to climb difficult routes

up a mountain.

96 Sport parachuting Sport parachuting is held over a drop zone where competitors must land. Classes of

competition include team jumps, free-fall jumps, accuracy jumps, style jumps and canopy

contact jumps.

97 Paragliding Paragliding is an accessible sport as long as you have the nerve for heights. The paraglider is

placed into a harness, that is a swinging seat with a bar placed across the body and attached to a

canopy.

98 Roller skating Roller skating is very similar to ice skating, except that it is not performed on ice. Skaters

perform individually or in pairs for events such as figure skating and dancing. Although the

sport holds national and international competitions it is not yet recognized by the Olympic

Games.

99 Skateboarding Skateboarding is a fun and exciting sport for both spectators and competitors. It is mainly an

individual sport made up of slalom courses, downhill sprints and trick performing. 100 Weightlifting Competitors aim to lift a weighted bar above the head and hold it under control until signaled

by the referee to replace it on the platform. Weightlifting is split into two separate lifts - the

snatch, the clean and jerk. Competitors get a maximum of three attempts at each lift.

2014-1-BG01-KA201-001459

Games Always Make Everyone Supportive

This project has been funded with support from the European Commission. This

publication [communication] reflects the views only of the author, and the

Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the

information contained therein.