HUM 3000 Taylor Crigler

4/21/11

GALEGO(Galician)

Galicia

Galician is spoken primarily in the region of Galicia in northwest Spain, and also the surrounding borders of Portugal,

Asturias, and Castile and

León.

Derivation from Latin:

Galician came from Galician-Portuguese (also known as Old Portuguese), a Western-Iberian language. There is some controversy whether gallego is a Portuguese dialect or a separate language.

Galician is an official language of Spain.

Who speaks Galician?

Galician is spoken by about 3 million people, mainly in Galicia (population approx. 2.78 million, about 6.13% of Spain’s population).

Largest cities: Vigo-

greater area 660,000 A Coruña-Ferrol-

greater area 600,000

Where is Galician spoken?

The primary language spoken in the larger cities is Castilian, whereas Galician is the primary language in rural areas.

Vigo

About Galicia:

Galicia is a mountainous and coastal region and has so many small bodies of water that it is also known as “the land of a thousand rivers.”

Linguistic History:

During Roman rule, it is said that Galicia was “less Romanticized” than other regions in Spain.

Galicia became an official region 3 times (in the 10th, 11th, and 12th centuries).

Galician was always the spoken language by the majority and actually had a dual status with Latin for formal settings.

Linguistic History:

1892- Franco was born in Galicia; as the dictator of Spain until 1975, Franco actually discouraged the recognition and promotion of the Galician language.

1906- the Royal Galician Academy was founded

May 17- Día das Letras Galegas (Galician Literature Day)- devoted to a different Galician writer every year

Linguistic Status: mixed reviews

Most Galicians are proud of their language and fight to preserve it and recognize its distinction.

As an official language, it is protected and taught along with Castilian in primary education, and Galician universities are largely conducted in Galician.

On the other hand, some recognize the situation in urban areas as a diglossia.

Protecting Galician:

http://www6.gencat.cat/llengcat/noves/hm02hivern/internacional/a_galego1_4.htm

[Draft of measures to improve attitudes towards the Galician language and the extension of its use, by the Research team of the Seminar of Sociolinguistics of the Real Academia Galega]

Literature:

Galician literature has a restless history emerging in the Middle Ages, suppressed during the Dark Ages and Franco’s dictatorship, and now has been revived once again.

Notable authors: Ramón del Valle-Inclán (Generation of 98)Rosalia de Castro

Music:

Manu Chao- Bixohttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ko_cJIeEUAAYouTube - MANU CHAO – BIXO

1-20

Portugués Galego Portugués GalegoUm Uno Onze OnceDois Dous Doze DoceTrês Tres Treze TreceQuatro Catro Quatorze CatorceCinco Cinco Quinze QuinceSeis Seis Dezesseis DezaseisSete Sete Dezessete DezaseteOito Oito Dezoito DezaoitoNove Nove Dezenove DezanoveDez Dez Vinte Vinte

Portuguese z Galician cPortuguese qu Galician cDeletion of geminate consonant Some vowel changes

20-100

Portugués Galego

Trinta Trinta

Quarenta Corenta

Cinqüenta Cincuenta

Sessenta Sesenta

Setenta Setenta

Oitenta Oitenta

Noventa Noventa

Cem Cen

Months

Portugués Galego Portugués GalegoJaneiro Xaneiro Julho XulloFevereiro Febreiro Agosto AgostoMarço Marzo Setembro SetembroAbril Abril Novembro NovembroMaio Maio Dezembro DecembroJunho Xuño

Notes: Galician preference to spell with x instead of the Portuguese jDifference in palatals- Portuguese: nh and lh; Galician: ñ and ll

Sitios en galego:

http://www.academiagalega.org/ Independent organization devoted to preserving

Galician and amicably integrating it with Portuguesehttp://www.agal-gz.org/index.phpAll Galician news: “A nossa língua na rede, a nossa

língua no mundo” [Our language network, our language in the world]

http://www.amesanl.org/index.asp“Sole objective: the promotion of the use of Galician in all spheres of social life.” (inGalician, English, and French)

Sitios en galego:

http://bvg.udc.es/ ”Virtual Galician library,” provides access to

Galician textshttp://www.consellodacultura.org/arquivos/cdsg/loia/History of the language and grammar tutorials (available in Galician, Castilian, and English)http://www.crtvg.es/reproductor/inicio.asp?canal=radio&arquivo=0Galician radio and television!

Sitios en galego:

http://www.europapress.es/galego/National and international news in Galicianhttp://www.galego.org/Galician website that provides language

history and opinions on current issues (available in English)

http://ilg.usc.es/Galician Language Institute http://www.vieiros.com/Online Galician newspaper