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GEO-AUGMENTED NAVIGATION SYSTEM (GAGAN) INDIAS GPS AUGMENTATION SYSTEM

introductionThe GPS aided geo augmented navigation or GPS and geo-augmented navigation system (GAGAN) is an implementation of a regional satellite-based augmentation system (SBAS) by the Indian government. It is a system to improve the accuracy of a GNSS receiver by providing reference signals.The AAIs efforts towards implementation of operational SBAS can be viewed as the first step towards introduction of modern communication, navigation, surveillance/Air Traffic Management system over Indian airspace.The project has established 15 Indian Reference Stations, 3 Indian Navigation Land Uplink Stations, 3 Indian Mission Control Centers, and installation of all associated software and communication links.

implementationThe INR7.74 billion (US$128 million) project is being implemented in three phases through 2008 by the Airport Authority of India with the help of the Indian Space Research Organization's (ISRO) technology and space support. The goal is to provide navigation system for all phases of flight over the Indian airspace and in the adjoining area. It is applicable to safety-to-life operations, and meets the performance requirements of international civil aviation regulatory bodies.The space component will become available after the GAGAN payload on the GSAT-8 communication satellite, which was launched recently, is switched on. This payload was also on the GSAT-4 satellite that was lost when the Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV) failed during launch in April 2010.

technologyTo begin implementing a satellite-based augmentation system over the Indian airspace, Wide Area Augmentation System (WAAS) codes for L1 frequency and L5 frequency were obtained from the United States Air Force and U.S Department of Defense on November 2001 and March 2005.The system will use eight reference stations located in Delhi, Guwahati, Kolkata, Ahmedabad, Thiruvananthapuram, Bangalore, Jammu and Port Blair, and a master control center at Bangalore. US defense contractor Raytheon has stated they will bid to build the system.

Flight managementA flight-management system based on GAGAN will then be poised to save operators time and money by managing climb, descent and engine performance profiles. The FMS will improve the efficiency and flexibility by increasing the use of operator-preferred trajectories. It will improve airport and airspace access in all weather conditions, and the ability to meet the environmental and obstacle clearance constraints. GAGAN will increase safety by using a three-diemensional approach operation with course guidance to the runway, which will reduce the risk of controlled flight into terrain i.e., an accident whereby an airworthy aircraft, under pilot control, inadvertently flies into terrain, an obstacle, or water.GAGAN will also offer high position accuracies over a wide geographical area like the Indian airspace. These positions accuracies will be simultaneously available to 80 civilian and more than 200 non-civilian airports and airfields and will facilitate an increase in the number of airports to 500 as planned.

specificationsAccuracy: 1.5-metre in the horizontal,Launched: 2011-2012Orbital Radius: 26,600 km Max operational life:15 yearsFully operational by: 2013-14Project cost: $130 million

referenceshttp://mundogeo.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/gagan-300x219.jpghttp://isrohq.vssc.gov.in/isr0dem0v2/images/imagegallery/Others/GAGAN.jpghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/SBAS_Service_Areas.png/800px-SBAS_Service_Areas.pnghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GPS-aided_geo-augmented_navigationhttp://mycoordinates.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/01/vhvhjvbhj.jpg

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