g-li 200 rf parts and antenna-20080718-a-2.0
TRANSCRIPT
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Internal
Radio Frequency Part and
Antenna
ISSUE 2.0
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RF components are widely used in
wireless system, and effect performanceof network
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Upon completion this course, you will be able to:
Understand the structure and features of
combination unit
Master the key specifications of antenna
Be able to choose the suitable type of RF
component
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Chapter 1 RF Part in BTS
Chapter 2 Antenna
Chapter 3 Feeder and TTA
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RF Device of BTS
Antenna
TTA
Antennastand
Jumper betweenantenna and TTA
Jumper betweenTTA and feeder
Feeder
Lighteningarrester
Jumper betweenlightening arresterand cabinet
BTS312
cabinet
SWITCH BOX
FAN BOX
AIR BOX
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TDU
FAN BOX
AIR BOX
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Introduction
RF device in BTS includes two parts
Indoor: combiner and splitter unit
For example: CDU module, SCU module and EDU module
Outdoor: antenna, feeder, TTA (tower top amplifier), jumper and
lightning arrester
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Function of Combiner and Divider
Use one antenna to support multiple TX/RX
signals, decreases the amount of antenna and
feeder
Complete duplexer of TX/RX and combine TX
signal filter, amplify and split the RX signal
Provide power for TTA
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CDU (Combining and Divider Unit)
Tx1
Tx2
Tx_Comb
Tx_Dup
combiner duplexer
divider
divider
amplifier
filter
Rx1Rx2
Rx3Rx4
Rx5
Rx6
Rx7
Rx8
HL_out
HL_in
RxD_out
RxD
Tx/Rx_ANT
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SCU (Simple Combiner Unit)
TX1
TX2
TX3
TX4
TX -Comb
combiner
combiner
combiner
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EDU (Enhance Duplexer Unit)
Tx1 duplexer
divider
amplifier
Rx1
Rx2
Tx/Rx_ANT1
divider
amplifier
Rx1
Rx2
duplexerTx/Rx_ANT2Tx2
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Functional structure of the DDPU
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Functional structure of the DFCU
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Functional structure of the DFCB
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Comparison among Different Combining Units
Equipment Unit Combine mode Typical loss
of TX (dB)
Price comparison
(per TRX)
CDU Combine two TX, one step 3dBcombiner
4.5 Middle
SCU Combine four TX, one step 3dB
combiner
6.8 Low
SCU+CDU Combine four TX, one step 3dB
combiner
8 Low
EDU No combiner, double duplexer 1 Middle
Double CDU (without combiner) No combiner, duplexer 1 High
Double CDU (with combiner) Combine two TX, duplexer 4.5 Middle
DDPU Double duplexer 1 Middle
DDPU+DCOM Combine four TX, double duplexer 4.5 Low
DDPU+2DCOM Combine eight TX, double duplexer 7.6~8 Low
DFCU Combine four TX, double duplexer 3.3~3.5 High
DFCU+DFCB Combine six-twelve TX, double duplexer 3.3~3.5 High
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New Type CDU&ESCU
ECDU
The structure is the same as CDU's, but increase MAX. input
power. It can bear up to100W input RF power
ESCU
The structure is the same as SCU's, but increase MAX. input
power. It can bear up to100W input RF power
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Chapter 1 RF Part in BTS
Chapter 2 Antenna
Chapter 3 Feeder and TTA
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What is Antenna?
Radiate and receive radio wave ,convert high frequency current
to electromagnetic wave when transmitting, and convert
electromagnetic wave to high frequency current when receiving
Blahblahblah bl ah
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Function
Convert high frequency current to electromagnetic wave when
transmitting
Convert electromagnetic wave to high frequency current when
receiving
Antenna can not amplifythe transmission power, just concentrate
RF power to one direction
Horizontal section Vertical section
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Classification
Classify by working band: UHF, VHF, microwave, etc.
Classify by radiate pattern: omni, directional
Classify by outline: line, pane, parabola feed
Classify by polarization: vertical and horizontal
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omni directiondirectional Antenna
Radiate Pattern
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Outline
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vertical polarization
Omni antenna
dual polarization
directional antenna
Polarization
vertical polarization
directional antenna
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Radiate Pattern
Omni antenna
lobe
Direction
antenna lobe
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Radiate pattern
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Dipole and Isotropic
Dipole
1/4 wave length
1/4 wave length
1/2wave length
Isotropic
Ideal radiator with same ability on all direction!
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Gain
The radiation ability of certain antenna overtop dipole or isotropic
Indicates the antenna feature of electromagnetic radiation in specific
directions
Unit: dBi/dBd
theory source
l/2 antenna
Direction antenna
dBd
dBi
dBi =dBd+2.15
dB/dBm?
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Forward to Back Ratio
The ratio of main lobe signal strength to back lobe
This value is within 1845dB. In urban, it is suggested to use
the antenna with high F/B ratio
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Beam Angle
HPBW: Half Power Beam Width
Lobe angle between two points, the power of which reduce to
the half of that of the maximum radiate direction
Vertical HPBW and Horizontal HPBW
60 (eg) Peak
- 3dB
- 3dB
15 (eg) Peak
Peak - 3dB
Peak - 3dB
Horizontal sectionVertical section
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Down tilt
To control coverage
To decrease inter modulation
Realization: electron and mechanism
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mechanism
electron
Down tilt
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Effect of Electron Down tilt
No Down tilt Electron Down tilt
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Effect of Mechanism Down tilt
No Down tilt Mechanism Down tilt
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Effect of different methods
10(E) 10(M)6(E)+ 4(M)
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Polarization
The direction of electro - vector radiated by antenna. The
vertical polarization wave is vertical with the plane of ground,
and the horizontal polarization waves parallel with the plane of
ground
Single antenna has only one polarization direction.
Dual polarized antenna contains two single - polarized antenna
in one entity. Dual polarization antenna usually adopts +45/ -45
degree orthogonal polarization.
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Polarization
VERTICAL HORIAONTAL
+ 45 - 45
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Dual Polarization
V/H +/- 45
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Port Isolation
The isolation among ports should be more than 30 dB. for multi-ports
antenna, Such as dual polarization antenna
1000mW(1W) 1mW
10log(1000mW/1mW) = 30dB
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Null Filled
It shall apply null filled technology when zero depth is less
than main beam for 26dB.
High gain antenna especially adopt null filled technology to
effectively improve the nearby coverage
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Main to lower side
Main to upper side
Upper Side Lobe Suppression
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Coupling Between Antennas
main lobe
5 .. 10
Horizontal separation
Sufficient decoupling distance: 5-10
Antenna patterns become superimposed if
distance is too close
Vertical separation
Decoupling distance:1can provide better RX
/TX decoupling
Minimum coupling loss
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Installation Examples
Recommended decoupling
TX - TX: ~30dB
TX - RX: ~40dB
Horizontal decoupling distance
depends on
Antenna gain
Horizontal rad. pattern
Omni-directional antenna
Use vertical separation for RX and
TX
Use vertical separation (fork) for
RX and diversity RXVertical decoupling is much more effective
0,2m
Omni-directional.: 5 .. 20m
directional : 1 ... 3m
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Antenna Installation
Coupling loss (dB):
Lv=28+40log(k/) (vertical installation)
Lv=22+20log(d/)-(G1+G2)-(S1+S2) (horizontal installation)
: wave length
K: distance at vertical
D: distance at horizontal
G1G2: gain
S1S2: Relative gain at line connected twoantenna
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Distributed Antenna System
BTSBTSPower
splitterPowersplitter
Power
splitter
coupling
coupling
coupling
coupling
Small
antenna
Small
antenna
Small
antenna
Small
antenna
Small
antenna
Small
antenna
Small
antenna
coupling
Dual direction
amplifier
Dual direction amplifier
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Symmetry and Asymmetry Network with Coaxial Feed
Tx /Rx
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
Tx /Rx
1.36
0.510
100.5
Dual direction amplifier
Dual direction
amplifier
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Optical Fiber Distributed Antenna
The optical fiber repeater is mainly adopted in the case
of wide coverage and long distance transmission
signal
Optical transceiver
Optical transceiver
transceiver
transceiver
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Leaky Feeder
Coaxial cable with perforated leads
It is mainly adopted for tunnel, metro and with high cost of
equipment and installing
Tx/Rx
Matching load
Matching load
Dual direction amplifier
Dual direction amplifier
Power splitter
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Leaky Feeder
Coaxial cable with perforated leads
Produce constant field-strength along cable runs
Work at wide-band
Radiating loss become higher with high frequency
Very large bending radius
Formerly often used for tunnel coverage
Expensive
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Comparison with Distributed Antenna
Distributed System Type Advantage Disadvantage Applicability
Coaxial Feed Flexible
Low cost
Reliable
High loss High building,
Business center
Leaky feeder Flexible High cost Metro, Tunnel
Optical Low loss
Easy installation
High cost
Not flexible
Need power supply
Far area coverage
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Chapter 1 RF Part in BTS
Chapter 2 Antenna
Chapter 3 Feeder and TTA
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Tower Top Amplifier
Amplify uplink weak signal, then:
Balance uplink and downlink
Compensate loss of feeder
Simplex TTA duplex TTA triplex TTA
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Triplex Tower Top Amplifier
Low noise amplifier
TX filter
bypassBias TeeBTS
triplexTTA
antenna
DC
RX filterRX filter
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Data Configuration of CDU Turn on power of TTA in CDU before installation
TTA switch is in rear panel of CDU
Configuration alarm threshold of TTA current before installation
TTA current switch is in rear panel of CDU
Configuration attenuation factor of receive signal on console
attenuation factor of receive signal =TTA gainfeeder loss
Simplex TTA gain:14dB, triplex TTA gain:12dB
Don t use TTA if not necessary
For the convenience of installation
To get better lighting -proof effect
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Power Switch and Current Limit
Rear panel of KMW CDU
TTAM TTAD
OFF OFF
TTAM TTAD
1
2
3TTAM TTAD
OFF OFF
123
TTAM: power switch of main TTA switch
TTAD: power switch of diversity TTA
select currentlimitTTAM TTAD
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Power Switch and Current Limit
01
2 3
012
3
Note:
MAINmain TTA switch
DIVERSEdiversity TTA switch
Rear panel of COM DEV CDU
01 2
3
012
3
01 2
3
012
3
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Feeder
Feeder s election
Type : 1/27/85/4
Select 5/4 in the case of feeder length is more than 80 m
and otherwise select 7/8 in 900MHz
Select 5/4 in the case of feeder length is more than 50 m
and otherwise select 7/8 in 1800MHz
Feeder curvature should not be so big, outer conductor
should be connected to earth
LG0.251.156.74.47HFC22D -A(7/8 )
6090.31.156.465.874.03SYFY -50-22(7/8 )
ACOME0.221.156.64.3M1474A(7/8 )
ANDREW0.381.154.774.313.172.98LDF6 -50(5/4 )ANDREW0.251.156.465.874.34.03LDF5 -50A(7/8 )
2,0001,7001,000890manufacturerBend
Radius (m)VSWRLOSS dB/100m (MHz)TYPE
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In this course, we have learned:
Combiner structure and loss
Antenna type and feature
TTA
Summary
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