fye 34 3 sample
TRANSCRIPT
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OYE TI YIKE EITHME
A
ATPA 2005
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A
K A
XPHTO EPAA EYT.
EYT.
IANNH APENIO
NIKOITA NIKOOOYOY
, ,
IANNH K. IKPAMENO
/ 19972005
ISBN: 9605386267K : YE 34/3
Copyright 2005
16 . , 26222 .: (2610) 367336, 367355, : (2610) 361420
. 2121/1993,
, .
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fi
............................................................................................................................................................................. 11
K 1
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.................................................................................................................................. 13
1.1 .
....................................................... 14
1.2 .................................................................................... 19
...................................................................................................................................................... 21
............................................................................................................................. 23
K 2
fi
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.................................................................................................................................. 27
2.1 : , ,
.................................................................................................................................... 31
2.2 ......................................................................................................................................... 32
2.3 ................................................................................................................... 33
2.4 - .............................................................................................. 40
K 3
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.................................................................................................................................. 45
3.1 ................................... 47
N E
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6 A O T H N K A I K H T H N K B A N T I K H Y I K H
3.2 ........................................................................................................ 59
3.3 ........................................................................................................... 63
* 3.3.1 Y g(v) ................................................................................. 66
* 3.3.2 H u(,) ............................................................................................. 68
3.4 - RayleighJeans ............................................. 70
* 3.4.1 RayleighJeans ....................... 70
3.4.2
RayleighJeans ....................................................................................................................... 74
* 1
3.5 u(,) () ......................................... 79
3.5.1 ................................................................................................................................................. 79
3.5.2 u(,) ............................................................................................................... 80
3.5.3 u(,T) .......................................................................................... 86
***3.5.4 () () ................................. 89
3.6 Planck..................................................................................................... 93
.................................................................................................................................................... 118
K 4
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.............................................................................................................................. 121
4.1 ........................................................................................................................................................... 124
4.2 :
.................................................................................................................................. 125
4.3 :
, Einstein ................................ 129
4.4 :
, Debye ..................................... 133
* 24.5 :
............................................................................................................. 142
* 3
4.6 ....................................................................... 153
4.7 ......................................................................... 157
.................................................................................................................................................... 158
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K 5
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.............................................................................................................................. 163
5.1 .......................................................................................................................... 166
5.1.1 ............................................................................................................................................. 166
5.1.2 ............................................................................... 167
5.1.3 ........................... 172
5.2 - ........................................................... 175
* 4
5.3 ............................................................................................................ 1845.4 1: , ,
; .............................................................................................................. 189
5.5 2:
................................................................................................................... 191
5.6 3:
................................................................................................................................................. 196
5.7 5.1: O .
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K 6
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6.1 T Compton ........................................................................................................................ 203
6.1.1 O ................................................................................................................................................ 203
6.1.2 ................................................................................................ 203
6.1.3 ......................................................... 206
6.1.4 ......................................................... 210
6.1.5 Compton ................. 214
6.2 ......................................................................................................... 218
6.2.1 ................................................................................................ 218
6.2.2 .................................................................................................................... 221
6.2.3 ......................................................................................... 221
l= -
h
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7 E P I E X O M E N A
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6.2.4 ............................................................................... 223
6.2.5 ......................... 225
6.3 .......................................................................................................................... 229
6.3.1 ................................................................................................ 229
6.3.2 ........................ 231
6.4 ............................................................................................................................................ 233
6.5 - ................................................................... 235
.................................................................................................................................................... 236
K 7
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.............................................................................................................................. 237
7.1 ........................................................... 239
* 5
7.2 ............................................................................................. 246
7.3 ............................................................................................. 248
7.4 ................................................................................................................. 248
7.4.1 Thomson ............................................................................... 248
7.4.2 Rutherford ........................................................................... 252
.................................................................................................................................................... 257
K 8
H Bohr
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8.1 Bohr .............................. 261
8.1.1 Bohr .................................................................................................................. 261
8.1.2 Bohr...................................................................................................................... 267
8.2 ....................................................................... 269
8.3 .............................................. 275
* 6
8.4 Bohr ........................................................ 281
8 A O T H N K A I K H T H N K B A N T I K H Y I K H
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8.5 .......................................................................................................................... 287
8.5.1 ........................................................................................................................ 287
8.5.2 : Franck-Hertz ................................................. 293
8.6 K Bohr............................................................................ 295
.................................................................................................................................................... 297
K 9
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.............................................................................................................................. 299
9.1 Bohr ............................................................................................................................................................ 302
9.1.1 Wilson Sommerfeld ................................................. 302
9.1.2 Sommerfeld ..................... 306
9.2 de Broglie ....................................................................... 309
9.2.1 ................................................ 309
9.2.2
................................................................................................................................ 312
9.2.3
.................................................................................. 3149.2.4 ..................................................................................................... 317
9.3 E 4: : .......................................... 329
9.4 Heisenberg ................................................................................ 337
9.4.1 ................................................................................ 337
9.4.2 : .............................. 338
9.4.3 .......................................................... 339
9.4.4 ............... 341
9.4.5 ................................................................... 352
9.4.6 .................................................................. 357
9.4.7 .................................................................. 359
9.4.8 ............................................................................................. 361
9.4.9 ............................ 363
9.5 :
............................................ 371
9.5.1 ................................................. 371
9 E P I E X O M E N A
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1 0 A O T H N K A I K H T H N K B A N T I K H Y I K H
9.5.2 ............................................................... 373
9.5.3 ............................................................................................. 377
9.5.4 :
...................................................................................................... 380
9.5.5 (Coherence) .......................................................................... 384
9.5.6
........................................................................................................ 385
.................................................................................................................................................... 388
K 1 0
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10.1 ............................................................................. 393
10.1.1 ......................................................................... 393
10.1.2 ...................................................................................................................... 393
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10.1.3 : .......................................... 395
10.1.4 ....................................................................................... 400
10.1.5 ....................... 402
10.1.6 .............................................................................................................. 405
10.2 de Broglie ....................... 408
10.3 Schrdinger ....................................................... 411
10.3.1 ( ) ...................................................................... 411
10.3.2 Schrdinger.............................................................. 413
10.4 Schrdinger .................................. 416
10.4.1 ......................................................................... 416
10.4.2 Schrdinger................................................................ 420
.................................................................................................................................................... 424
A E .................................................................................................... 425
E A E ......................................................... 430
A A A .............................................................................................. 439
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6. R.A. Serway, Physics for Scientists and Engineers, V, ,
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21. R. Eisberg, R. Resnick, Quantum Physics of Atoms, Molecules, Solids, Nuclei, and
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22. A.P. French and E.F. Taylor, An Introduction to Quantum Physics, The M.I.T.
Introductory Physics Series, W.W. Norton Company, Inc., New York (1978). M
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23. R. Gautreau, W. Savin, Schaums Outline Series. Theory and problems of Modern
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24. D. Brandt, J. Hiller, M. Moloney, Modern Physics Simulations. The Consortium
for UpperLevel Physics Software, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York (1995).
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The Philosophy of Quantum Mechanics. he
Interpretations of Quantum Mechanics in Historical Perspective, John Wiley Sons,
New York (1974).
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