FUTURISTIC AIRCRAFT WING CONFIGURATIONS

GUIDED BY Presented by SUNAND.C

ASWITH.R.SHENOY Lecturer Mech Engg M7 A S.N.G.C.E Roll NO : 19

introduction

Improvments in conventional aircraft Incorpartion of emerging technologies

Responding to new demands and challenges

Adaptations to future situations Attaining newer heights .

Aircraft wing basics

LIFT

DRAG

WEIGHT

THRUST

ASPECT RATIO

Generating lift For stability and control For achieving basic movements For landing

Functions of wings

Introduced By Germany Later Stages Of World War

Achieves Greater Speeds Later Developed By USA Basis Of Modern Aviation

Invention of swept wing

SOME BASIC WING CONFIGURATIONS

Straight Wing Swept Wing Delta Wing Flying Wing Joined Wing Oblique Wing Blended Wing Body

Oblique WingBlended Wing BodyJoined WingMorphing Wing Technology

Wing Configurations For Future

• Oblique wing is A type of swing wing

• Designed to rotate on the centre pivot

• Alter its planform for various flight conditions

• At supersonic one tip is swept forward while the other tip is

forward swept

• At subsonic speeds it would fly with its body-wing

perpendicular to its direction of flight like A traditional

airplane

Oblique wing

Oblique wing design on NASA AD 1

Minimal lift induced drag at all regimes

wing span vs length of conventional and oblique wing

Distributes the lift over about twice the wing length as a conventional swept

Advantages of oblique wings

Structural stability

Distributes the lift over about

twice the wing length as a

conventional aircraft

Efficient storage on a carrier

deck that may be appealing

to navy aircraft.

Advantages of oblique wings contd….

Coupling action makes controlling difficult Pivot design constraints-not easy to rotate

a wing at supersonic speeds Dynamic aeroelastic phenomena -flutter

and buffeting is observed The perceived risk for a manned aircraft

Challenges of oblique wing

Only one manned aircraft, the NASA AD-1

Another aircraft so far produced is Northrop

Grumman Switchblade

A dual hull passenger aircraft is also been

developed

IMPLEMENTATION OF OBLIQUE WING

Northrop Grumman Switchblade

Proposed dual hull oblique wing passenger aircraft

Fuselage resembles a flattened sphere that tapers down and

blends into the outboard wings

Closely resembeles to the flying wing

Blended wing/body aircraft have a flattened and airfoil

shaped body

First created by the commercial aircraft division of McDonnell

Douglas (MDD)

Later developed by NASA and Boeing

Proposed dual hull oblique wing passenger aircraft

blended wing body (bwb)

Inherent in a BWB airliner is it strength Reduces the load on the outboard wing section airfoils Could carry from 450 to 800 passengers and achieve fuel

savings of over 20 percent

An overview of seating capability of bwb design Very resilient bending structure Exhaust noise will not be reflected off the wing

undersurface Little additional airframe noise

Advantages of BWB

Integration various design disciplines

Less inherent flight stability than the tube design

A lack of passenger side windows

A layout that moves passengers and cargo off the aircraft's

centerline, which exaggerates the vertical motion felt when the

plane rolls to turn.

Absence of tail creates challenges for stability and control

Forward mounted engines creates the difficulties with propulsion

and airframe integration

CHALLENGES OF THE BWB

Considered to be future of civil aviation The BWB was first created by the commercial aircraft division

of McDonnell Douglas (MDD) Considered to be best replacement for Boeing 747 In the future. NASA and Boeing developed a test model called X-48

Experimental model of the Boeing X-48

IMPLEMENTATION OF BWB

That incorporates tandem wings arranged to form diamond shapes in both plan and front views

Its tail wing swept forward to be joined with the rearward swept main wing

The wings form a diamond when viewed from the top or head-on.

JOINED WING

Light weight High stiffness Lower induced drag Better stability and control Short-take-off and landings

Advantages of joined wing

Cannot sustain /any/ damage to ANY of it's airfoil group without essentially destiffening the entire structural interlock

A thin wing and then cut it at any given point, and it will fold completely

No tails and a hollow wing may affect response time

Inherent stucture may affect radar siginature capabilities

CHALLENGES OF JOINED WING

Unmanned aerial vehicles (uavs), particularly as surveillance-type platforms

Able to give large antennas and 360 degree coverage

Also considerd for sensorcraft Lockheed martin developing a joined wing

refueling tanker A variation includes boeings fluid wing

design

Implementation of joined wing

Lockheed Martin’s refueling tanker concept

Boeing’s “fluid wing” design

Utilizing wings that have the capability to drastically change plan form shape during flight

Combine several flight profiles into one aircraft Perform multiple, radically different tasks by

dynamically varying its flight envelope Inspired from birds.

Future aircraft imitating birds wing profile

Morphing wing technology

Adapt to constantly changing conditions of flight The aircraft could hang out at high altitudes, but

it could still respond quickly to a threat Liberate aircraft from flaps, slats, and ailerons Multi mission capabilty Stealth by changing the sturucture

Advantages of morphing wing

Morphing wing design by NASA in various flying conditions

Design aspects of the building of the wings Integrationof systems using morphing

mechanisms, propulsion systems, control systems, structures, and materials

Requires tiny but powerful devices called compact hybrid actuators

Any gaps that appear during transitionas you open up a joint in a wing will cause drag

Maintaining aerodynamic balance during transition

Challenges of morphing wing

US DARPA conducting a III phase research in phase II created following “Folding wing” concept, was developed by

lockheed martin variable sweep / variable root chord

concept, was developed by NextGen Aeronautics

Further research still going on

implementaion

NextGen Aeronautics Variable Sweep / Variable Root Chord Concept

Lockheed Martin’s Folding Wing Concept

Blended wing body may be future of civil aviation

Joind wing and oblique wing can be used In uav

Development in morphing wing can change entire aviation feild

conclusion

Aero elasticity of Nonconventional Airplane Configurations—Past and Future , JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT

Vol. 40, No. 6.

VKI lecture series on Innovative Configurations and Advanced Concepts for Future Civil Aircraft by I.

Kroo Stanford University, U.S.A.

“Blended-Wing-Body Subsonic Commercial Transport,” AIAA Paper 98-0438, by Liebeck, R. H.,

Rawdon, B. K.,.

“The Joined-wing: An Overview,” Journal of Aircraft, Vol. 23, No. 3, , pp. 161- 178, by J. Wolkovich..

Modelling and Optimization for Morphing Wing Concept Generation by Michael D. Skillen and

William A. Crossley Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana _NASA archives

http://www.century-of-flight.net

http://science.howstuffworks.com

http://www.google.co.in

http://www.aviationspectator.com/resources/aircraft-profiles

reference