future research directions in military ground vehicle mobility

U.S. ARMY TANK AUTOMOTIVE RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT AND ENGINEERING CENTER

Future Research Directions in Military Ground Vehicle Mobility

ISTVSSeptember 2016

Dr. David Gorsich, ST/Ground Systems,Chief Scientist, TARDEC

Unclassified, Distribution A

TARDEC – Then and Now

2

Early Mobility Studies

Major Thrust Areas Today

Medium Combat

Heavy Comba

t

Tactical

Power Dense, Common, Modular Engine

Propulsion Protected Mobility Vehicle Architecture Autonomy

• Ground Systems Power and Energy Laboratory (GSPEL)• Vehicle Full Load Cooling Test Chamber • Crew Station/Turret Motion Base Simulator (CS/TMBS) • Ride Motion Simulator• System-level Analysis Capability• Center for Ground Vehicle

Development and Integration (CGVDI) • Vehicle Inertial Properties Evaluation

Rig (VIPER) • Mission Equipment Vibration Table (MEVT) • Suspension Parameter Identification Device and

Evaluation Rig (SPIDER) • Tire, Run-Flat, and Roadwheel Simulation Laboratory

(TR2SL)• Elastomer Improvement Laboratory• Fuels & Lubricants Laboratory

• Fresh Water Test Facility • Bridge Dynamic Structural Load Simulation Laboratory• Anthropomorphic Test Drive (ATD) Certification

Laboratory• Crew Compartment Underbody Blast Simulator• Foot Impact Test Fixtures• Head Impact Laboratory (HIL)• Sub-System Drop Tower (SSDT)

• TARDEC Fuels and Lubricants Research Facility (TFLRF) (GOCO with SWRI)

• Quality Surveillance Laboratory (Army Petroleum Laboratory; APL)

Unique Facilities

Laboratory Capabilities

TARDEC’s operations have a resource value of over $1.1Band occupy 936,000 square feet of laboratory space on the Detroit Arsenal.

TARDEC Fuels and Lubricants Research Facility @ Southwest Research Institute

Turret Motion Base Simulator

Ride Motion SimulatorPower and Energy

Vehicle Environment Lab

Southwest Research Institute (SWRI) (TX) (GOCO = Government Owned-Contractor Operated )Selfridge (MI)

Warren (MI)

3

Susquehanna (PA)


AMRDECAviation and

Missile Research Development and

Engineering Center

ARDECArmament Research,

Development and Engineering Center

ARLArmy Research

Laboratory

CERDECCommunications-

Electronics Research,

Development and Engineering Center

ECBCEdgewood Chemical

Biological Center

NSRDECNatick Soldier

Research, Development and

Engineering Center

TARDECTank Automotive

Research, Development and

Engineering Center

TARDEC Organizational Structure

4Unclassified, Distribution A

Army

Materiel

Command

(AMC)

Assistant Secretary

of the Army for

Acquisition,

Logistics, and

Technology

(ASA-ALT)

Research, Development and Engineering Command

(RDECOM)

Military Challenges are Unique


Designing a Ground Vehicle

• Start with Requirements

– Mobility (Speed)

– Payload (# crew, cargo weight)

– Protection level

– Lethality

– Deployabilty

• Deployment Method

• Truck, Boat, Rail, Air

• Fixes Maximum Weight and Size

• Deployability limits the

tradespace for the other

requirements


Iron Triangle - Example of Trades

Performance

(Mobility)

Protection Payload

Performance

(Mobility)

Protection Payload

HMMWV MRAP

7

Strive to optimize 3 Ps

• Protection

• Payload

• Performance (Mobility)


NATO Reference Mobility Model (NRMM)

200019801950 19701960 1990

1954: Land Locomotion Lab

established; led by Dr. Bekker

Walking Machine

2010

1971: AMC-71 Mobility Model

1974: AMC-74 Mobility Model

1978: NATO Reference Mobility

Model2014: ET148,

NG-NRMM

1992: NRMM II

Autonomous Systems

Land Locomotion

8

2016: RTG248 NG-NRMM

2019: NG-NRMM STANREC

2020

Multibody Dynamics

Physical Simulators


Next-Generation NRMM

• Shortcomings of NRMM

– Based on empirical observations so extrapolation is difficult

– Specific to wheeled/tracked; No intelligence

– Cannot assess contemporary vehicle design technologies

– Steady-state and 2D analyses

– Poor inter-operability with other terramechanics models

– Difficult to integrate with modern vehicle dynamic simulations

• Next-Generation NRMM

– NATO Team formed in 2014

– 55 members from 15 nations participating

– Goal: Investigate an efficient next-generation, physics-based simulation tool to more accurately predict mobility based on accurate depictions of vehicle, terrain, and their interactions


Possible path forward – Next-Gen NRMM

Develop scalable, physics-based modeling, simulation, and

visualization capability for mobility in deformable terrain using

discrete element methods and massively parallel architectures.

10

Fording

simulation

Discrete terrain

simulation

HPC


Path Forward

NATO Research Task Group 248 will carry forward six research thrusts:

1. GIS-Terrain and Mobility Mapping: Identify a GIS-based mapping tool that

implements and integrates existing valid mobility metrics (%NOGO and

Speed Made Good) in an open architected environment.

2. Simple Terramechanics:Identify most promising existing terramechanics

methods supporting NG-NRMM requirements.

3. Complex Terramechanics: Establish a vision for the long term

terramechanics approaches that overcome the limitations of existing models.

4. Intelligent Vehicle Mobility: Identify unique mobility metrics and M&S

methods necessary for mobility assessments of intelligent vehicles.

5. Uncertainty Treatment: Identify the steps required to embed stochastic

characteristics of vehicle and terrain data to extend the current deterministic

mobility metrics.

6. Verification & Validation (V&V): Implement near-term vehicle-terrain

interaction benchmarks for verification of candidate NG-NRMM M&S software

solutions and lay the groundwork for long term validation data.


Autonomy Levels for Unmanned Systems (ALFUS)*

* H.-M. Huang, ALFUS, SAE 4S4D Committee


On-Board Driver (16 mph max) Remote Driver (50 mph max)

6W Limit 19W

Driver Vertical Acceleration

14

Rough Road Driving: Onboard vs. Remote Driver


Mobility Enhancement: Human-Machine Partnership

62 mph

50 mph (19W)

16 mph (6W)

Smooth Road: Engine Limit

Rough Road/Remote

Driver: Engine & Durability

Limit

Rough Road/On-Board Driver: 6W Limit


Effect of Autonomy on Tradespace

Enhanced Mobility

Increased ProtectionPayload

Increased Tradespace


Latency: major issue in teleoperation

Connectivity Round Trip Communication Delay

Wired 10 ms (local), 300 ms (cross-country)

Wireless Dependent on bandwidth and distance

Satellite 500 ms (GEO)

Video transmission 300 ms - 1000 ms (one way; frame rate dependent)


Completion Time vs. Latency Speed vs. Latency

178 RunsLatency (s) Latency (s)

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Teleop Mobility vs. Latency Challenge


Latency Studies

19

Measurement

Studies

Compensation

Studies


Building the Cybersecurity Competency

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Penetration TestingReverse EngineeringBuilding New Tools

Transitioning ResearchIntegrating Commercial Tech

Leveraging Public-Private Partnerships to Deliver Advanced Capabilities

HACMS

AMAS GVR-Bot

(High Assurance Cyber Military Systems)

HACMS is a shift away from “patch and pray”

methods that approach cybersecurity from a reactive standpoint

UNCLASSIFIED: Distribution Statement A. Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.

UNCLASSIFIED: Distribution Statement A. Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.


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