future precision neutrino experiments and their theoretical implications

Future precision neutrino experiments Future precision neutrino experiments and their theoretical implicationsand their theoretical implications

Matter to the deepestMatter to the deepestUstron, PolandUstron, Poland

September 6, 2007September 6, 2007

Walter WinterWalter WinterUniversität WürzburgUniversität Würzburg

Sept. 6, 2007 US2007 - Walter Winter 2

ContentsContents

IntroductionIntroduction Future neutrino oscillation experiments Future neutrino oscillation experiments What are these experiments good for?What are these experiments good for? Testing the theory space: One exampleTesting the theory space: One example SummarySummary


Three flavor neutrino oscillationsThree flavor neutrino oscillations(the “standard” picture)(the “standard” picture)

Coupling strength: 13

Atmosphericoscillations:Amplitude: 23

Frequency: m312

Solaroscillations:Amplitude: 12

Frequency: m212

Suppressed effect: CP

Does this parameter explain the baryon

asymmetry?

Only upper bound so far!Key to CP violationin the lepton sector!

(Super-K, 1998;Chooz, 1999; SNO 2001+2002; KamLAND 2002)

Two large mixing angles!m21

2 << m312


A multi-detector reactor experimentA multi-detector reactor experiment… for a “clean” measurement of … for a “clean” measurement of 1313

Double Choozsize

Daya Baysize

(Minakata et al, 2002; Huber, Lindner, Schwetz, Winter, 2003)

Identical detectors, L ~ 1.1-1.7 km

Unknownsystematics

important for large

luminosity

NB: No sensitivity to CP and

mass hierarchy!


On the way to precision:On the way to precision:Neutrino BeamsNeutrino Beams

Accelerator-based neutrino

source

Often: near detector (measures flux times

cross sections)

Far detector

Baseline: L ~ E/m2

(Osc. length)

?


Example: MINOSExample: MINOS Measurement of atmosphericMeasurement of atmospheric

parameters with high precisionparameters with high precision Flavor conversion ?Flavor conversion ? Fermilab - Soudan

L ~ 735 km

Far detector: 5400 tNear detector: 980 t

735 km

Beam line

See also Kielczewska‘s talk!


The hunt for The hunt for 1313

Example scenario; Example scenario; bands reflect bands reflect unknown unknown CPCP

New generation of New generation of experiments experiments dominates quickly!dominates quickly!

Neutrino factory:Neutrino factory:Uses muon decaysUses muon decays + + ee + e + e

Reach down to Reach down to sinsin22221313 ~ 10 ~ 10-5 -5 -- 1010-4 -4

(~ osc. amplitude!)(~ osc. amplitude!)(from: FNAL Proton Driver Study)

GLoBES 2005


IDS-NF launched at NuFact 07IDS-NF launched at NuFact 07International design study for a neutrino factoryInternational design study for a neutrino factory

Successor of the International Scoping Study for a „future Successor of the International Scoping Study for a „future neutrino factory and superbeam facility“:neutrino factory and superbeam facility“:Physics case made in physics WG report (~368 pp) Physics case made in physics WG report (~368 pp) http://www.hep.ph.ic.ac.uk/idshttp://www.hep.ph.ic.ac.uk/ids

Initiative from ~ 2007-2012 to present a design report, Initiative from ~ 2007-2012 to present a design report, schedule, cost estimate, risk assessment for a neutrino schedule, cost estimate, risk assessment for a neutrino factoryfactory

In Europe: Close connection to „EuroIn Europe: Close connection to „Eurous“ proposal us“ proposal within the FP 07; currently ranked #1, negotiating contract within the FP 07; currently ranked #1, negotiating contract

In the US: „Muon collider task force“In the US: „Muon collider task force“How can a neutrino factory be „upgraded“ to a muon How can a neutrino factory be „upgraded“ to a muon collider?collider?


Appearance channels: Appearance channels: ee

Complicated, but all relevant information Complicated, but all relevant information there: there: 1313, , CPCP, mass hierarchy (via A), mass hierarchy (via A)

(Cervera et al. 2000; Freund, 2001; Akhmedov et al., 2004)


Problems with degeneraciesProblems with degeneracies Connected (green) or Connected (green) or

disconnected (yellow) disconnected (yellow) degenerate solutions in degenerate solutions in parameter spaceparameter space

Affect measurementsAffect measurementsExample: Example: 1313-sensitivity-sensitivity

(Huber, Lindner, Winter, 2002)(Huber, Lindner, Winter, 2002)

Discrete degeneracies: Discrete degeneracies: ((,,1313)-degeneracy)-degeneracy(Burguet-Castell et al, 2001)(Burguet-Castell et al, 2001)

sgn-degeneracy sgn-degeneracy (Minakata, Nunokawa, 2001)(Minakata, Nunokawa, 2001)

((2323,,/2-/2-2323)-degeneracy )-degeneracy (Fogli, Lisi, 1996)(Fogli, Lisi, 1996)


Resolving degeneraciesResolving degeneraciesExample: „Magic“ baseline for NFExample: „Magic“ baseline for NF

L= ~ 4000 km (CP) + L= ~ 4000 km (CP) + ~7500 km (degs) today ~7500 km (degs) today baseline configuration of baseline configuration of a neutrino factory a neutrino factory (ISS study, 2006)(ISS study, 2006)

(Huber, Winter, 2003)(Huber, Winter, 2003)


Why these measurements? Why these measurements? Mass models describe masses and mixings by Mass models describe masses and mixings by

symmetries, GUTs, anarchy arguments, etc.symmetries, GUTs, anarchy arguments, etc. Predictions for Predictions for 1313, , 2323--/4, mass hierarchy, etc. /4, mass hierarchy, etc.

Example: Literature research for Example: Literature research for 1313

(Albright, Chen, 2006)

Peak generic or biased?

Experimentsprovide important

hints for theory


Systematic model buildingSystematic model building A conventional approach:A conventional approach:

Bottom-up approach:Bottom-up approach:

Theory(e.g. GUT,

flavor symmetry)

Yukawacouplingstructure

Fit (orderone coeff.)to data!?

Theory(e.g. flavor symmetry)

Yukawacouplingstructure

Yukawacouplingswith orderone coeff.

Connection to observables

Model Texture Realization

Genericassumptions(e.g. QLC)

m : 1 1 : n

Diag.,many d.o.f.

No diag.,reduce d.o.f. by knowledge on data


Benefits of bottom-up approachBenefits of bottom-up approach

Key features:Key features:

1.1. Construct Construct allall possibilities possibilities given a set of generic given a set of generic assumptions assumptions New textures, models, etc. New textures, models, etc.

2.2. Learn something about Learn something about parameter spaceparameter space Spin-off: Learn how experiments can most Spin-off: Learn how experiments can most efficiently test this parameter space!efficiently test this parameter space!

Very genericassumptions

Automatedprocedure:generate allpossibilities

Interpretation/analysis

Select solutions

compatible with data

Cannot foresee the outcome! Low bias!?


Example: Quark-lepton unification?Example: Quark-lepton unification?

Phenomenological hint e.g.Phenomenological hint e.g.

(„Quark-Lepton-(„Quark-Lepton-Complementarity“ - QLC)Complementarity“ - QLC)(Petcov, Smirnov, 1993; Smirnov, 2004; Raidal, 2004; Minakata, Smirnov, 2004; others)

Is there Is there oneone quantity quantity ~ ~ CC

which describes all mixings which describes all mixings and hierarchies? and hierarchies?

Remnant of a Remnant of a unified theoryunified theory??

LeptonSector

QuarkSector

Symmetrybreaking(s)

E Unified theory


Manifestation of Manifestation of Mass hierarchies of quarks/charged leptons: Mass hierarchies of quarks/charged leptons:

mmuu:m:mcc:m:mtt==66::44:1, m:1, mdd:m:mss:m:mbb==44::22:1, :1,

mmee:m:m:m:m==44::22:1:1

Neutrino masses: mNeutrino masses: m11:m:m22:m:m33~~22:::1, 1:1::1, 1:1: oder 1:1:1 oder 1:1:1

MixingsMixings11 33

11 22

33 22 11

VCKM ~

UPMNS ~ VCKM

+Ubimax ?Combination of

and max. mixings? Generic assumption!


Extended QLC in the 3x3-caseExtended QLC in the 3x3-case

1.1. Generate all possible (real, std. param.) UGenerate all possible (real, std. param.) Ull, U, U with mixing angleswith mixing angles (262.144)(262.144)

2.2. Calculate UCalculate UPMNSPMNS and read off mixing angles; and read off mixing angles;select only select only realizationsrealizations compatible with data (2.468) compatible with data (2.468)

3.3. Calculate mass matrices using eigenvalues from last slideCalculate mass matrices using eigenvalues from last slideand determine and determine leading order coeff.leading order coeff. a few a few TexturesTextures No diagonalization necessaryNo diagonalization necessary

Charged lepton mass terms Effective neutrino mass terms

cf., CC (interaction) Rotates left-handed

fields

Do not rotate away Ul because you would change your symmetry base!

Cutoff givenby current

precision ~ 2


New textures from extended QLCNew textures from extended QLC New sum rules and systematic classificationNew sum rules and systematic classification

of texturesof textures Example: Example:

„Diamond“ textures„Diamond“ textureswith new sum rules, with new sum rules, such assuch as

(includes coefficients from underlying realizations)(includes coefficients from underlying realizations)

Can be obtainedCan be obtained from two large mixing angles in the from two large mixing angles in the lepton sector!lepton sector! (Plentinger, Seidl, Winter, hep-ph/0612169)


Distribution of observablesDistribution of observables Parameter space analysis based on realizationsParameter space analysis based on realizations Large Large 33 preferred preferred Compared to the GUT literature:Compared to the GUT literature:

Some realizations with very small sinSome realizations with very small sin22221313 ~3.3 10 ~3.3 10-5-5

(Plentinger, Seidl, Winter, hep-ph/0612169)


The seesaw in extended QLCThe seesaw in extended QLC(P

lentinger, Seidl, W

inter, arXiv:0707.2379)

Generate allmixing angles and

hierarchies by

Only real cases!


See-saw statistics (NH)See-saw statistics (NH)… based on realizations… based on realizations

Often: Mild hierarchies Often: Mild hierarchies in Min MRR found found

Resonant leptogenesis?Resonant leptogenesis?Flavor effects?Flavor effects?

Charged lepton mixing is, in general, not small!Charged lepton mixing is, in general, not small!

Special cases Special cases rare, except rare, except from Mfrom MRR ~ ~

diagonal! diagonal! (Plentinger, Seidl, Winter, arXiv:0707.2379)


Seesaw-Textures Seesaw-Textures (NH, (NH, 1313 small) small)

Obtain 1981 texture sets {MObtain 1981 texture sets {M ll, M, MDD, M, MRR}}

(Plentinger, Seidl, Winter, arXiv:0707.2379;http://theorie.physik.uni-wuerzburg.de/~winter/Resources/SeeSawTex/)

= 0, 2


Outlook: Towards model buildingOutlook: Towards model building Example:Example:

Froggatt-NielsenFroggatt-Nielsenmechanismmechanism ((=v/M=v/MFFv: universal VEVs breaking thev: universal VEVs breaking theflavor symmetry, Mflavor symmetry, MFF: super-heavy: super-heavyfermion masses)fermion masses)

Use M-fold ZUse M-fold ZNN product productflavor symmetryflavor symmetry -powers are determined by -powers are determined by

flavor symmetry quantum flavor symmetry quantum numbers of left- and right-numbers of left- and right-handed fermions!handed fermions!

How much complexity is How much complexity is actually needed toactually needed toreproduce our textures?reproduce our textures? Depends on structure Depends on structurein textures!in textures! (Plentinger, Seidl, Winter, in preparation)

PRELIMINARY

Our 1981 textures

PRELIMINARY

Systematic test ofall possible charge

assignments!


One exampleOne example ZZ5 5 x Zx Z4 4 x Zx Z33

Case 205, Texture 1679Case 205, Texture 1679(http://theorie.physik.uni-wuerzburg.de/~winter/Resources/SeeSawTex/)

Quantum numbers (example):Quantum numbers (example):11

cc, , 22cc, , 33

cc:: (1,0,1), (0,3,2), (3,3,0)(1,0,1), (0,3,2), (3,3,0)

ll11, l, l22, l, l33: : (4,3,2), (0,1,0), (0,2,2)(4,3,2), (0,1,0), (0,2,2)

ee11cc, e, e22

cc, e, e33cc: : (3,0,2), (2,0,2), (1,2,0)(3,0,2), (2,0,2), (1,2,0)

Realization: can e.g. be realized with Realization: can e.g. be realized with ((1212,,1313,,2323) ~ (33) ~ (33oo,0.2,0.2oo,52,52oo)) (Plentinger, Seidl, Winter, in preparation)

Absorb overallscaling factor inabsolute scale!0 ~ 3, 4, …!


SummarySummary There are many open neutrino questions, such as the There are many open neutrino questions, such as the

connection between connection between CPCP and baryogenesis and baryogenesis Future experiments may test sinFuture experiments may test sin22221313 down to ~ 10 down to ~ 10-5-5 and and

measure measure CPCP at the level of about 10 degrees (1 at the level of about 10 degrees (1for for sinsin22221313 = 10 = 10-3-3))

We parameterize UWe parameterize UPMNSPMNS in the same way as V in the same way as VCKMCKM What can we learn from a comparison? What can we learn from a comparison?

One may learn about the theory space and distributions of One may learn about the theory space and distributions of observables from „automated model building“ using observables from „automated model building“ using generic assumptionsgeneric assumptions

Extended QLC is one such assumption which connects Extended QLC is one such assumption which connects neutrino physics with the quark sector via neutrino physics with the quark sector via ~ ~ CC

BackupBackup


Neutrino factoryNeutrino factory Ultimate “high precision” instrument!?Ultimate “high precision” instrument!? Muon decays in straight sections of storage Muon decays in straight sections of storage

ringring Technical challenges: Target power, muon Technical challenges: Target power, muon

cooling, charge identification, maybe steep cooling, charge identification, maybe steep decay tunnelsdecay tunnels

(from: CERN Yellow Report )

p

Target

, K

Decays

-Accelerator

Cooling

“Right sign”

“Wrong sign”

“Right sign”

“Wrong sign”

(Geer, 1997; de Rujula, Gavela, Hernandez, 1998; Cervera et al, 2000)


NF precision measurementsNF precision measurements

(Gandhi, Winter, 2006)(Huber, Lindner, Winter, 2004)

CP precision 13 precision

CP dep.

3


How exps affect this parameter spaceHow exps affect this parameter space Strong pressure from Strong pressure from 1313 and and 1212 measurements measurements

1212 can emerge as a combination between can emerge as a combination between

maximal mixing and maximal mixing and CC! ! „Extended“ QLC „Extended“ QLC

(Plentinger, Seidl, Winter, hep-ph/0612169)


Introducing complex phasesIntroducing complex phases Vary all complex Vary all complex

phases with phases with uniformuniform distributionsdistributions

Calculate all validCalculate all validrealizations andrealizations andtextures (n:1)textures (n:1) Landscape Landscape interpretation withinterpretation withsome flavor structure?some flavor structure?(see e.g. Hall, Salem, Watari, 2007)(see e.g. Hall, Salem, Watari, 2007)

Want ~Want ~CC-precision-precision(~12(~12oo) for ) for CPCP??

(Winter, in preparation)PRELIMINARY

(Ul ≠ 1)


Distributions in the Distributions in the 1313--CPCP-plane-plane

delta ~ theta_C necessary!delta ~ theta_C necessary!

PRELIMINARY

(Winter, in preparation)Clusters contain 50% of all realizations of one texture


Low-energy Lagrangian for lepton massesLow-energy Lagrangian for lepton masses

Charged leptonmass terms

Effective neutrinomass terms

cf., CC interaction

Rotates left-handedfields

Block-diag.

future precision neutrino experiments and their theoretical implications

Documents

neutrino factorysuccessor

future neutrino factory

us2007 walter winteron

us2007 walter winterexample

neutrino factory iss

neutrino factoryin europe

2003us2007 walter winterwhy

us2007 walter winterthe