future governmenta global perspective in connection to open government
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Future GovernmentFuture GovernmentA Global Perspective in Connection to Open GovernmentA Global Perspective in Connection to Open Government
Ms. Haiyan QianDirector
Division for Public Administration and Development Management (DPADM)Department of Economic and Social Affairs (DESA)
United Nations
The Net (Mobile) Generation
Economic Social
Environment
FUTUREFUTUREGOVERNMENTGOVERNMENT
2
http://www.unpan.org/dpadm/ 3
Future Government is … Future Government is …
Citizen-Centric
▼“For the People”
Inclusive▼
Equality
Agile ▼
Adaptive to Changes
Open, Transparen
t, Accountabl
e ▼
Effective Governance
Innovative▼
Efficient
Connected▼
Collaborative
Governance
http://www.unpan.org/dpadm/ 4
Future Government = Citizen-centric + Agile + Innovative + Inclusive +
Open, Transparent and Accountable + Connected
Future Government = Citizen-centric + Agile + Innovative + Inclusive +
Open, Transparent and Accountable + Connected
UN Public Administration UN Public Administration ProgrammeProgramme
Advancing Public Governance for the FutureAdvancing Public Governance for the Future
Electronic and Mobile
Government
Institutional and Human Resource
Development
Citizen Engagement in
Managing Development
OpenGovernment Data
(Since 1948)
http://www.unpan.org/dpadm/ 5
UN Public Administration UN Public Administration ProgrammeProgramme Advocacy and Knowledge-sharing
Training and Advisory Assistance
Analytical Research (related to open government data)– Freedom of Information Act– Data Privacy Act– Open Government Data Catalogues– Information and Privacy Commissioners or Equivalents– E-Government Development Index– E-Participation Index
(Since 1948)
http://www.unpan.org/dpadm/ 6
Why Open Government Data?Why Open Government Data?
E-Participation
E-Government & E-Governance
Open Data Open Services
http://www.unpan.org/dpadm/ 7
Why Open Government Data?Why Open Government Data?
Complaints received by the European Ombudsman
2010
2,667
33% of complaints was related to lack of transparency in the EU Administration. This included refusal of information and of access to documents.
Source: European Ombudsman
http://www.unpan.org/dpadm/ 8
Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) - Global View of 193 UN Member States
No FOIA55 Countries - 28%
Only in Constitution22 Countries - 11%
Draft26 Countries - 13%
With FOIA90 Countries - 48%
8
Access to Information – Global Access to Information – Global ViewView
Source: DPADM/UNDESA Ongoing Research
http://www.unpan.org/dpadm/ 9
Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) in UN Member States
39
2
20
10
19
69 83 21
793 7
32
26
17
0
10
20
30
40
50
Africa Americas Asia Europe Oceania
FOIA Draft Constitution No FOIA
Access to Information – Regional Access to Information – Regional View View
43 Member States 14 Member States47 Member States35 Member States54 Member States
47%
19%
17%
17%
57%
17%
20%
6%
41%
17% 6%
36%
91%
2% 7% 14%
21%
51%
14%
Source: DPADM/UNDESA Ongoing Research
http://www.unpan.org/dpadm/ 10
Access to Information - EuropeAccess to Information - EuropeFreedom of Information Act (FOIA) in Europe (43 UN Member
States)
With FOIA
39 Countries -
91%
Constitution
1 Country
(Andorra) - 2%
No FOIA
3 Countries
(Luxembourg,
Monaco and San
Marino) - 7%
Source: DPADM/UNDESA Ongoing Research
http://www.unpan.org/dpadm/ 11
FOIA – Timeline of Selected FOIA – Timeline of Selected CountriesCountries
http://www.unpan.org/dpadm/ 12
OGD Catalogues – Global ViewOGD Catalogues – Global View
OGD Catalogues - Global View of 193 UN Member States
42
151
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
OGD Catalogue available Catalogue not foundSource: DPADM/UNDESA Ongoing Research
(22%)
(78%)
http://www.unpan.org/dpadm/ 13
OGD Catalogues – Regional OGD Catalogues – Regional ViewView
2
6
8
24
2
0
5
10
15
20
25
Countries with OGD Catalogues - 193 UN Member States
Africa
Americas
Asia
Europe
Oceania
4% of the 54 Member
States from Africa
18% of the 35 Member States
from the Americas
18% of the 47 Member States
from Asia
56% of the 43 Member States
from Europe
17% of the 14 Member States
from Oceania
Source: DPADM/UNDESA Ongoing Research
http://www.unpan.org/dpadm/ 14
OGD Catalogues – TimelineOGD Catalogues – Timeline
http://www.unpan.org/dpadm/ 15
FOIA - Major FindingsFOIA - Major Findings Europe is leading in open government data legislation.
FOIA varies in scope from country to country.
FOIA is used mainly by the media and the civil society in general.
Most citizens are not aware of its existence.
Establishing FOIA is the only the first step.
There is a need for effective implementation, monitoring and evaluation of FOIA.
Most FOIAs do not contain specific legislation for providing Open Government Data Catalogues.
http://www.unpan.org/dpadm/ 16
DPA - Global ViewDPA - Global ViewData Privacy Act (DPA) - Global View - 193 UN Member States
No DPA99 Countries - 51%
Constitution7 Countries - 4%
Draft11 Countries - 6%
DPA76 Countries - 39%
Source: DPADM/UNDESA Ongoing Research
http://www.unpan.org/dpadm/ 17
DPA in UN Member States
2
42
1412
6
1532 34
12
28
17
42
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
Africa Americas Asia Europe Oceania
DPA Draft Constitution only No DPA17
DPA - Regional ViewDPA - Regional View
Source: DPADM/UNDESA Ongoing Research
54 Member States 43 Member States35 Member States 47 Member States 14 Member States
78%
11%
4%7%
34%
48%
9% 9%
59%
30%
11%
98%
2%
86%
14%
http://www.unpan.org/dpadm/ 18
DPA - Major Findings DPA - Major Findings
Europe is leading in data privacy and protection.
Privacy legislation is necessary for the success of Open Government initiative.
Strong institutional framework is critical for access to government data and data privacy.
http://www.unpan.org/dpadm/ 19
Institutional ArrangementInstitutional ArrangementInformation and Privacy Commissioners or Equivalents - Global Situation
2
57
36
3
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Africa
Americas
Asia
Europe
Oceania
4% of African Member States
15% of American Member States
15% of Asian Member States
84% of European Member States
23% of Oceanic Member States
http://www.unpan.org/dpadm/ 20
Open Government Data by RegionOpen Government Data by Region
Source: DPADM/UNDESA Ongoing Research*Including FOIA, DPA, OGD Catalogue and Institutional Arrangement
Open Government Data* by Regional
http://www.unpan.org/dpadm/ 21
E-Participation by RegionE-Participation by Region
Source: UN E-Government Survey 2010
E-Participation Index Regional Averages
http://www.unpan.org/dpadm/ 22
E-Government Development by E-Government Development by RegionRegion
0.4406
0.4193
0.6227
0.4424
0.479
0.2733
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7
World Average
Oceana
Europe
Asia
Americas
Africa
Source: UN E-Government Survey 2010
E-Government Development Index Regional Averages
http://www.unpan.org/dpadm/ 23
Why Open Government Data?Why Open Government Data?
E-Participation
E-Government & E-Governance
Open Data Open Services
http://www.unpan.org/dpadm/ 24
2012 UN E-Government Survey 2012 UN E-Government Survey
The 2012 Survey checks if open government initiatives are promoted in national government portals.
http://www.unpan.org/dpadm/ 25
Challenges of Open Government Challenges of Open Government DataData Degree of “openness” Growing citizens’ expectations Adequate resources
– People– Money
Digital divide (inclusion for the vulnerable groups)
Deliberation by UN intergovernmental bodies
http://www.unpan.org/dpadm/ 26
Moving forwardMoving forward The “Right” Data and “Right” Services
– Demand-driven – Enhance quality of data – Value-added
Create a culture of open government through training and institutional building, including the capacity for proper evaluation and monitoring
Connect all citizens online, especially the vulnerable groups
http://www.unpan.org/dpadm/ 27
UN Public Administration Country Studies UN Public Administration Country Studies (UNPACS)(UNPACS)
Research (first phase)– Open government data– Government institution
restructuring– Codes of conduct of public
service– E-Government
strategies/policies– CIOs or equivalents– National institutions/systems on
citizen engagement, etc.
Enable governments and all stakeholders in making evidence-based decisions for the implementation of internationally agreed development agenda including the MDGs
http://www.unpan.org/dpadm/ 28
Future GovernmentFuture Government
Open Government Future Government Sustainable Development
Thank you for your Thank you for your attention!attention!