future change of the indian ocean basin-wide and dipole modes - pusan national...

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Future Change of the Indian Ocean Basin-wide and Dipole Modes June-Eun Chu 1 , June-Yi Lee 2 , Kyung-Ja Ha 1 , Bin Wang 2,3 , and Saji N. Hameed 4 1. Pusan National University, Busan, 609-735 Korea 2. International Pacific Research Center, University of Hawaii, Honolulu HI 96822 USA 3. Department of Meteorology, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA 4. Center for Advanced Information Science and Technology, University of Aizu, Korea

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Page 1: Future Change of the Indian Ocean Basin-wide and Dipole Modes - Pusan National Universitygmcl.pusan.ac.kr/up/board/file1_1394608260.pdf · 2014-03-12 · 1. Pusan National University,

Future Change of the Indian Ocean Basin-wide and Dipole Modes

June-Eun Chu1, June-Yi Lee2, Kyung-Ja Ha1, Bin Wang2,3, and Saji N. Hameed4

1. Pusan National University, Busan, 609-735 Korea

2. International Pacific Research Center, University of Hawaii, Honolulu HI 96822 USA

3. Department of Meteorology, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA

4. Center for Advanced Information Science and Technology, University of Aizu, Korea

Page 2: Future Change of the Indian Ocean Basin-wide and Dipole Modes - Pusan National Universitygmcl.pusan.ac.kr/up/board/file1_1394608260.pdf · 2014-03-12 · 1. Pusan National University,

Historical run (1950-2005, 56yrs) Under changing solar-valcanic forcing and anthropogenic influences from 1950 to 2005

Model and Data information

No. Model

1 bcc-csm1-1

2 CanESM2

3 CNRM-CM5

4 CSIRO-Mk3-6-0

5 GISS-E2-R

6 HadGEM2-CC

7 HadGEM2-ES

8 inmcm4

9 IPSL-CM5A-LR

10 MIROC5

11 MIROC-ESM

12 MPI-ESM-LR

13 MRI-CGCM3

14 NorESM1-M

• Resolution : interpolated to 144 × 73 (2.5˚) • Variables : PRCP, TS, U850, V850, TAUU, TAUV, U200, Z500

• Two runs :

14 coupled models that participated in CMIP 5

RCP4.5 run (2050-2099, 50yrs) assuming that radiative forcing will stabilize at about 4.5 Wm-2 after 2100.

• Observation : Hadley SST (1950-2005)

Page 3: Future Change of the Indian Ocean Basin-wide and Dipole Modes - Pusan National Universitygmcl.pusan.ac.kr/up/board/file1_1394608260.pdf · 2014-03-12 · 1. Pusan National University,

Indian Ocean SST variability

1. Externally forced

- Basin wide warming trend caused by the anthropogenic greenhouse gas

forcing (e.g. Barnett et al. 2005)

2. Remotely forced

- ENSO mode which influences the SST variability in the Indian quite

significantly (e.g. Bjerknes 1969; Weare 1979; Latif and Barnett 1995)

3. Intrinsic to Indian ocean-atmosphere coupled system

- IOD mode (Saji et al. 1999; Webster et al. 1999)

• Indian Ocean is a part of large warm water pool and neighboring the great monsoons of Asia that anchor the major convection center of the atmosphere (Saji et al., 2006).

Page 4: Future Change of the Indian Ocean Basin-wide and Dipole Modes - Pusan National Universitygmcl.pusan.ac.kr/up/board/file1_1394608260.pdf · 2014-03-12 · 1. Pusan National University,

Model performance: SST climatology

• 모든 모형이 SST 의 climatology 를 잘 모의함 • Equatorial western Pacific 에서의 variance 를 조금 낮게 모의하는 경향이 있음

Page 5: Future Change of the Indian Ocean Basin-wide and Dipole Modes - Pusan National Universitygmcl.pusan.ac.kr/up/board/file1_1394608260.pdf · 2014-03-12 · 1. Pusan National University,

Standard deviation

Model performance: SST variance

• HadGEM2-CC, MIROCS 를 제 외 한 대 부 분 의 모 형 이 SST 의 variance 를 underestimate 함

Page 6: Future Change of the Indian Ocean Basin-wide and Dipole Modes - Pusan National Universitygmcl.pusan.ac.kr/up/board/file1_1394608260.pdf · 2014-03-12 · 1. Pusan National University,

Hadley SST (1950-2005)

Indian Ocean SST variability

EOF1 : IO basin-wide mode

(33.9%)

EOF2 : IO dipole mode

(13.0%)

Page 7: Future Change of the Indian Ocean Basin-wide and Dipole Modes - Pusan National Universitygmcl.pusan.ac.kr/up/board/file1_1394608260.pdf · 2014-03-12 · 1. Pusan National University,

1. CMIP5 모형 앙상블이 인도양 SST의 변동성을 잘 모의하는가?

2. 잘 모의한다면 IO SST 의 주요 모드들이 미래 기후에서는 어떻게 변화하는가?

3. 주요 모드들이 변하는 이유는 무엇인가?

4. 각 모형별 모의능력은 어떠한가?

Questions

Page 8: Future Change of the Indian Ocean Basin-wide and Dipole Modes - Pusan National Universitygmcl.pusan.ac.kr/up/board/file1_1394608260.pdf · 2014-03-12 · 1. Pusan National University,

Are the models capable of capturing the Indian Ocean variability?

<OBS> <Model ENS> 1950-2005

• EOF 패턴은 잘 모의하지만 variance 차이가 많이 남(IOBW 모드는 overestimate, IOD 모드는 underestimate)

• PC는 잘 모의하지 못함

overestimate

underestimate

Page 9: Future Change of the Indian Ocean Basin-wide and Dipole Modes - Pusan National Universitygmcl.pusan.ac.kr/up/board/file1_1394608260.pdf · 2014-03-12 · 1. Pusan National University,

EOF1 EOF2

각 모형별 EOF1, EOF2 모드의 모의능력

• 붉은색은 EOF 공갂장으로 계산된 Pattern correlation coefficients, 푸른색은 PC와의 temporal correlation coeffiencets

• PC correlation 은 EOF pattern correlation 에 비해 Poor함.

Page 10: Future Change of the Indian Ocean Basin-wide and Dipole Modes - Pusan National Universitygmcl.pusan.ac.kr/up/board/file1_1394608260.pdf · 2014-03-12 · 1. Pusan National University,

No. Model EOF1 EOF2

PCC STD PCC STD

1 ENS 0.35 0.4 0.8 0.99

2 bcc-csm1-1 0.47 0.84 0.6 0.99

3 CanESM2 0.34 1.07 0.71 0.98

4 CNRM-CM5 0.4 0.53 0.78 0.99

5 CSIRO-Mk3-6-0 0.37 0.59 0.81 0.99

6 GISS-E2-R 0.55 0.8 0.24 0.99

7 HadGEM2-CC 0.31 0.87 0.61 0.99

8 HadGEM2-ES 0.56 1.29 0.74 0.97

9 inmcm4 0.26 4.19 0.51 0.9

10 IPSL-CM5A-LR 0.38 0.99 0.69 0.98

11 MIROC5 0.56 1.44 0.88 0.98

12 MIROC-ESM 0.26 1.16 0.13 0.99

13 MPI-ESM-LR 0.45 1.82 0.9 0.94

14 MRI-CGCM3 0.57 0.86 0.89 0.99

15 NorESM1-M 0.42 2.37 0.72 0.92

• EOF1 과 EOF2 모두에서 상관계수가 매우 낮은 9번 모형(inmcm4) 와 EOF1 의 variance 가 너무 큰 15번 모형을 제외하고 다시 앙상블

CMIP5 각 모형들과 OBS 와의 상관계수, 표준편차

Page 11: Future Change of the Indian Ocean Basin-wide and Dipole Modes - Pusan National Universitygmcl.pusan.ac.kr/up/board/file1_1394608260.pdf · 2014-03-12 · 1. Pusan National University,

ENS (all models) OBS ENS (except for 9,15)

Future (2050-2099)

• BM 들은 현재기후를 reasonable 한 variance 로 설명함 • ENS, BM, WM 모두에서 IOBW 모드는 감소, IOD 모드는 그룹에 따라 다름

Present (1950-2005)

각 모드의 미래변화 (두 모델 제외)

Page 12: Future Change of the Indian Ocean Basin-wide and Dipole Modes - Pusan National Universitygmcl.pusan.ac.kr/up/board/file1_1394608260.pdf · 2014-03-12 · 1. Pusan National University,

현재기후(1950-2005) 에서의 각 모형의 EOF1

• 앙상블 mean은 EOF1 모드를 overestimate 하지만 개개 모형은 차이가 있음. • 14개 모형 중 8개 모형이 EOF1 모드를 overestimate. 6개 모형은 underestimate

(underestimate 하는 모형중에서 2개는 IOBW 모드를 잘 모의하지 못함)

Page 13: Future Change of the Indian Ocean Basin-wide and Dipole Modes - Pusan National Universitygmcl.pusan.ac.kr/up/board/file1_1394608260.pdf · 2014-03-12 · 1. Pusan National University,

현재기후(1950-2005) 에서의 각 모형의 EOF2

• 앙상블 mean은 EOF2 모드를 overestimate 하지만 개개 모형은 차이가 있음. • 14개 모형 중 9개 모형이 EOF1 모드를 underestimate. 6개 모형은 underestimate

Page 14: Future Change of the Indian Ocean Basin-wide and Dipole Modes - Pusan National Universitygmcl.pusan.ac.kr/up/board/file1_1394608260.pdf · 2014-03-12 · 1. Pusan National University,

EOF1 EOF2

Present (1950-2005)

Future (2050-2099)

각 모형 EOF 의 variance와 동태평양 해수면온도(Nino3)의 linear trend 사이의 관계

Page 15: Future Change of the Indian Ocean Basin-wide and Dipole Modes - Pusan National Universitygmcl.pusan.ac.kr/up/board/file1_1394608260.pdf · 2014-03-12 · 1. Pusan National University,

Corr (SST,Nino3.4 & Ninor)

Nino4 Nino3 <OBS>

<Model Ensemble>

Nino3.4

Page 16: Future Change of the Indian Ocean Basin-wide and Dipole Modes - Pusan National Universitygmcl.pusan.ac.kr/up/board/file1_1394608260.pdf · 2014-03-12 · 1. Pusan National University,

Corr (SST,DMI) <OBS>

<Model>

Page 17: Future Change of the Indian Ocean Basin-wide and Dipole Modes - Pusan National Universitygmcl.pusan.ac.kr/up/board/file1_1394608260.pdf · 2014-03-12 · 1. Pusan National University,

GM: 11,14 BM : 7,9,12

Page 18: Future Change of the Indian Ocean Basin-wide and Dipole Modes - Pusan National Universitygmcl.pusan.ac.kr/up/board/file1_1394608260.pdf · 2014-03-12 · 1. Pusan National University,
Page 19: Future Change of the Indian Ocean Basin-wide and Dipole Modes - Pusan National Universitygmcl.pusan.ac.kr/up/board/file1_1394608260.pdf · 2014-03-12 · 1. Pusan National University,
Page 20: Future Change of the Indian Ocean Basin-wide and Dipole Modes - Pusan National Universitygmcl.pusan.ac.kr/up/board/file1_1394608260.pdf · 2014-03-12 · 1. Pusan National University,

GM: 11,14 BM : 7,9,12

Page 21: Future Change of the Indian Ocean Basin-wide and Dipole Modes - Pusan National Universitygmcl.pusan.ac.kr/up/board/file1_1394608260.pdf · 2014-03-12 · 1. Pusan National University,
Page 22: Future Change of the Indian Ocean Basin-wide and Dipole Modes - Pusan National Universitygmcl.pusan.ac.kr/up/board/file1_1394608260.pdf · 2014-03-12 · 1. Pusan National University,

참고자료

Page 23: Future Change of the Indian Ocean Basin-wide and Dipole Modes - Pusan National Universitygmcl.pusan.ac.kr/up/board/file1_1394608260.pdf · 2014-03-12 · 1. Pusan National University,

Thermodynamic influences of ENSO

• A basinwide change in tropical Indian Ocean SSTs, which lags a season

behind the ENSO, is one of the earliest known teleconnections of ENSO in

the Indian Ocean (Pan and Oort 1983; Cadet 1985; Nigam and Shen 1993).

• Warmer (cooler) SST anomalies in the Indian Ocean follow an El Nino (La

Nina).

• The delayed basinwide SST pattern in the Indian Ocean appears to be

primarily forced by surface heat flux anomalies remotely forced by SST

anomalies in the equatorial eastern Pacific (Venzke et al. 2000; Lau and

Nath 2004) via an atmospheric teleconnection.

Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD)

• IOD is a basin-scale pattern of SST and wind anomalies occurring on

interannual time scales in the equatorial Indian Ocean (Saji et al. 1999;

Webster et al. 1999; Murtugudde et al. 2000).

Page 24: Future Change of the Indian Ocean Basin-wide and Dipole Modes - Pusan National Universitygmcl.pusan.ac.kr/up/board/file1_1394608260.pdf · 2014-03-12 · 1. Pusan National University,

Evolution of composite SST and surface wind anomalies from May–June (a) to Nov–Dec (d).

Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD)

Positive IOD

Negative IOD

(Saji and Yamagata, 1999)

Schematic diagram of positive/ negative IOD event

Page 25: Future Change of the Indian Ocean Basin-wide and Dipole Modes - Pusan National Universitygmcl.pusan.ac.kr/up/board/file1_1394608260.pdf · 2014-03-12 · 1. Pusan National University,

Then, how’s about future climate?

<OBS> <Model>

1950-2005 2050-2099

미래기후에서 IOBW 모드는 감소, IOD 모드는 현재 모의에 비해 증가! But.. 현재 기후에서의 variance 가 너무 차이가 많이나는데, 과연 미래 기후변화 모의가reliable???

IOBW

IOD

Page 26: Future Change of the Indian Ocean Basin-wide and Dipole Modes - Pusan National Universitygmcl.pusan.ac.kr/up/board/file1_1394608260.pdf · 2014-03-12 · 1. Pusan National University,

Questions 2

Q: CMIP5 모형 앙상블이 인도양 SST의 변동성을 잘 모의하는가?

A: 모형 앙상블은 EOF 패턴은 잘 모의하지만 PC 와 variance 는 잘 설명하지 못함

그럼 모형 앙상블이 아닌 개별 모형의 모의능력은 어떠한가?!

Page 27: Future Change of the Indian Ocean Basin-wide and Dipole Modes - Pusan National Universitygmcl.pusan.ac.kr/up/board/file1_1394608260.pdf · 2014-03-12 · 1. Pusan National University,

EOF1 EOF2

10

PCC>0.5 : 6,8,11,14 PCC>0.8 : 5,11,13,14

각 모형별 EOF1, EOF2 모드의 모의능력

• PC correlation 은 EOF pattern correlation 에 비해 Poor함.

EOF1과 EOF2 를 공통적으로 잘 모의하는 모형 (Best Model, BM) : 11,14 EOF1과 EOF2 를 공통적으로 잘 모의하지 못하는 모형 (Worst Model, WM): 7,9,12

Page 28: Future Change of the Indian Ocean Basin-wide and Dipole Modes - Pusan National Universitygmcl.pusan.ac.kr/up/board/file1_1394608260.pdf · 2014-03-12 · 1. Pusan National University,

ENS (all models) OBS BM (m=11,14) WM (m=7,9,12)

EOF 패턴을 잘 모의하는 모형그룹 vs 반대그룹

Future (2050-2099)

• BM 들은 현재기후를 reasonable 한 variance 로 설명함 • ENS, BM, WM 모두에서 IOBW 모드는 감소, IOD 모드는 그룹에 따라 다름

Present (1950-2005)

Page 29: Future Change of the Indian Ocean Basin-wide and Dipole Modes - Pusan National Universitygmcl.pusan.ac.kr/up/board/file1_1394608260.pdf · 2014-03-12 · 1. Pusan National University,

All ensemble mean

OBS

Good model group1 (m=11,14)

Bad model group (m=7,9,12)

Good model group2 (m=4,8,11,13,14,15)

Page 30: Future Change of the Indian Ocean Basin-wide and Dipole Modes - Pusan National Universitygmcl.pusan.ac.kr/up/board/file1_1394608260.pdf · 2014-03-12 · 1. Pusan National University,

Interannual time series of SST of ESBM (dashed) and OBS (solid) over the Indian Ocean [40E:100E, 20S:20N].