future accelerators at the energy frontier peter hansen february 2010 university of copenhagen
TRANSCRIPT
Future Accelerators at the energy frontier
Peter Hansenfebruary 2010
University of Copenhagen
What physicists would like
2010: Start LHC@7TeV, cautiously increase energy and find the Higgs and first signs of new physics
2011: Approve the International Linear Collider. Operate it by about 2018.
2012: Approve a potent neutrino factory and a B-factory to reach 100 ab.
2014: LHC upgrade to increase statistics 2020: Start genuine “discovery machines”
(CLIC and/or a muon collider) But the realistic timescale is rather longer!
CERNS accelerator complex
Large Hadron Collider
LHC in numbers
Circumference: 27km Energy: 2x7 TeV Peak dipole field: 8.3 Tesla Injection: 450 GeV protons or
A Protons per bunch: 1.1 10¹¹ Bunch spacing: 25 ns Stored energy/beam: 362 MJ
LHC in numbers
Normalised emittance: 3.75 mm mrad beta function at IP (at inject): 10m beta function at IP (at coll.): 0.55m Beam size at IP: 16.6 mu Bunch length: 3.75cm Events per bunch crossing: 19 Peak luminosity: 1034 cm-²s-¹
Possible luminosity upgrade
Around 2015-16 LHC will have exhausted its potential. However by a 10-fold luminosity upgrade, the discovery reach could be moved about 0.5-1 TeV further out and precision measurements could be significantly improved. That would require a major machine and detector upgrade to withstand the radiation and deal with many thousands of particles per event.
International Linear Collider
By 2000 a world-wide consensus developed that the next step would be a linear e+e- collider at 500 GeV, upgradable to 1 TeV , in order to do precision measurements in the Higgs sector and any new physics that were discovered at the LHC.
Engineering design and go-ahead planned for in 2010. Price would be about 6 B$.
ILC technology: Superconducting RF cavities , 31MV/m gradient. Beam-height of 6 nm. Luminosity of 21034 cm-2 s-1.
CLICCLIC is CERNs design for a future linear e + e- collider.It is more ambitous than the ILC and requires longer development time.The perspective is to make a machine with up to 3 TeV collisions.Instead of cavities, it uses the RF power stored in 30 GHz buckets of anelectron “drive beam” for acceleration by up to 100 MV/m in the main beam.
CLIC
Neutrino factory
Motivation
Ideas from GUTs on mass hierarchy and on the mass mixing matrix Is the mass hierarchy “natural”? Is theta_13 really very small? Is theta_12 really close to pi/4? Very clean CP violation laboratory!
NEUFAC “An emerging facility”(European priority placed after LHC and also after ILC/CLIC)CERN-SG: 4.[…] it is vital to strengthen the advanced accelerator R&D programme; a coordinated programme should be intensified, to develop the CLIC technology and high performance magnets for future accelerators, and to play a significant role in the study and development of a high-intensity neutrino facility.
6.Studies of the scientific case for future neutrino facilities and the R&D into associated technologies are required tobe in a position to define the optimal neutrino programmebased on the information available in around 2012; Council will play an active role in promoting a coordinated Europeanparticipation in a global neutrino programme.
Low energy options
Super beam (nu_mu's)
Beta beam (nu_e's)
High Energy option (5-20 GeV)Nu factory does it all..
Other planned experiments
Nu-factory best. But costs 2B$
Proton Driver
Super Conducting Linacaround 10 GeVaround 4MW carried in beam!Feasible at CERN >2016R&D at RAL: H- source, beam chopper
Target
Optimization of Ep (HARP exp – CERN)Moving Tantalum wire (RAL R&D)High power LHg jet (MERIT exp - CERN)
Fast dE/dx coolingMICE@RAL to demonstrate one sectorFirst beam Jan 2008 – total cost 23M£
Other Ideas
Outlook
It would be super to have it all - and fast! However, the sponsors are inclined to long
lead-times for the post-LHC accelerators at the energy frontier.
This could of course change if something really exiting were discovered at the LHC!
So a good way to speed up future accelerators is to work hard on the LHC physics.