furthercontributionstothedocumentationoflichenicolousfungi ... · india. uttarakhand, pithoragarh...

INTRODUCTION

MATERIALSAND METHODS

TAXONOMY1.

Fig.1.a-d

DIAGNOSIS:

HOLOTYPE:

DESCRIPTION:

Lichenicolous fungi have received increasing attentionwithin the last decades, and the number of known species hasgrown considerably. However, the distribution and diversityof these fungi in India are poorly known, and so far 115species are known from this country (

), excludingStirt. (parasitic fungus on thelotrematoid lichens

according to Stirton 1879) which is not a lichenicolous fungusas it was growing on bark with conspicuous lenticles giving ita thelotrematoid apperarance (Joseph ., 2018) and somelichenicolous lichens (Schaer.) R.Sant., Poelt,(Scop.) R. Sant., Hertel whichcolonizes Ach., species,

species and (Ach.) Norman,respectively. In continuation with our studies onlichenicolous mycota of India, we hereby are reporting 3 newspecies sp. nov. (on

, Uttarakhand), sp.nov. (on Uttarakhand) and

sp. nov. (on , Kerala)along with 49 new records, thus raising the tally oflichenicolous fungi to 167.

The present study is based on results of an inspection made byone of the authors (YJ) of lichen collections lodged at herbariaof CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute (LWG) andKerala Forest Research Institute (KFRI), as well as freshcollections from Banari Devi Forest (Almora district,Uttarakhand) and Munsiyari region (Pithoragarh district,Uttarakhand). Voucher specimens are deposited in thelichenological herbaria of CSIR-National Botanical ResearchInstitute (LWG) and Kerala Forest Research Institute (KFRI).The specimens were identified using standard microscopicaltechniques. Macroscopical examination was carried out usinga dissecting microscope (Olympus SZ2-ILST), andmicroscopical studies of sections were made using OlympusCX21iLED microscope. Sections were prepared by hand andexamined in water, 10% KOH [K] and HNO (N). Amyloidreactions were performed using Lugol's iodine directly [I] or

after a KOH pre-treatment [K/I]. Asci and ascosporemeasurements were made in water and are followed by thenumber of measurements (n).

Y. Joshi & K. Bisht sp. nov.

Mycobank MB 824850The species is characterized by having small

asci and ascospores, uni to rarely biguttulate conidia anddiffers from other known species in having different hostpreference, (Sm.) Zopf.

INDIA. Uttarakhand, Pithoragarh district,Munsiyari, en route to Burfu-Bilju, 30°22'345" N, 80°10'115"E, alt. 3295 m, on apothecial disc of ,21 September 2017, K. Bisht, s.n. (Holotype-LWG 35496).

The epithet refers to the host lichen genusZopf. on which the fungus is colonizing.

Lichenicolous fungus growing on theapothecial disc of apparently

Opegraphatenuior

,

et alviz. Arthrorhaphis alpina

Caloplaca insularis Diploschistes muscorumLecidella dimelaenophila

Baeomyces placophyllus AspiciliaCladonia Dimelaena oreina

viz. Didymocyrtis rhizoplacae Rhizoplacachrysoleuca Plectocarpon parmeliarum

Parmelia meiophora, Pyrenidiumhypotrachynae Hypotrachyna coorgiana

i.e. Rhizoplaca chrysoleuca

Rhizoplaca chrysoleuca

ETYMOLOGY:Rhizoplaca

Rhizoplaca chrysoleuca,

3

Didymocyrtis rhizoplacaeJoshi ., 2016 a, b, c, d;

Joshi ., 2017 a, b; Singh ., 2017et al

et al et al

KAVAKA50: 26-33(2018)

Yogesh Joshi , Manish Tripathi , Kapil Bisht , Shashi Upadhyay , Vishal Kumar ,Neha Pal ,Ankita Gaira , SugandhaPant , Kamal S. Rawat , Sunita Bisht, Rajesh Bajpai and Josef P. Halda

Further contributions to the documentation of lichenicolous fungi from India1* 1 1 1 1 1 1

1 1 2 3

1

2

3

Lichenology Laboratory, Department of Botany, S.S.J. Campus, Kumaun University, Almora - 263601, Uttarakhand, IndiaLichenology laboratory, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow - 226001, Uttar PradeshMuzeum a galerie Orlických hor, Jiráskova 2, 516 01 Rychnov n. Kn., Czech Republic*Corresponding author email: [email protected](Submitted on December 21, 2017;Accepted on May 15, 2018)

ABSTRACTFifty two rarely collected or otherwise interesting species of lichenicolous fungi are presented, of which three species are described as new toscience: (on from Uttarakhand), (on fromUttarakhand) and (on from Kerala), while 49 species are additions to the knownlichenicolous mycobiota of India.

Keywords:

Didymocyrtis rhizoplacae Rhizoplaca chrysoleuca Plectocarpon parmeliarum Parmelia meiophoraPyrenidium hypotrachynae Hypotrachyna coorgiana

lichens, lichenicolous fungi, lichenicolous lichens, new records, taxonomy.

Fig. 1. (a-d): Didymocyrtis rhizoplacae D.rhizoplacae Rhizoplaca chrysoleuca

(holotype): Perithecia ofon apothecial disc of

(Scale =1 mm).b.Magnified viewof the infected apothecialdisc (Scale = 1 mm). c. Ascospores (Scale = 10 ).D)Pycnidia incrosssectionwithconidia (Scale = ).

μm5μm

parasitic. Ascomata in dense groups on the apothecia of thehost, initially almost completely immersed in the apothecialhymenium, finally protruding, subspherical, 90-120 (-

10- -4 layers of cells.Paraphysoids 1- 75-80 × 7-8(-n 25), fissitunicate, narrowly cylindrical, with a small

ocular chamber, ascal wall I- and K/I-, 8-spored. Ascospores±uniseriate, pale brown, 1-septate, 10-12 × 4- (n=25),constricted at the septum, with distinct verruculose sculpturevisible in light microscopy.Conidiomata several per apothecial disc, scattered,completely immersed at first, later protruding, dark brown,subspherical to pyriform to subglobose, 80-100(-110)

. 7- in diam., composed ofseveral layers of cells, outer cells dark brown, inner cells palebrown. Conidiogenous cells short-ampulliform. Conidiasingle to rarely biguttulate, guttule near the apex, ellipsoid,(4-)5 × 3 n = 25).

Growing on apothecial disc of epilithic. Since slight discoloration on the apothecial disc

of the lichen infected by the new species was noticed, thisfungus may be regarded as a saprophyte.

The species is so far reported fromsubalpine regions of Uttarakhand where it is parasitizing thethallus of along with (Tul.)Th. Fr., (Jaap) D. Hawksw. and

Triebel. The specimens fromMunsiyari region are representing the teleomorphic stage ofthis new species, while that from Gangotri region representsanamorphic stage.

The lichenicolous fungus Vain.at present comprises of 15 species across the world (Joshi

, 2016 b; Lawrey and Diederich, 2018) and is representedby 04 species in India [ Vain.,(Brackel) Hafellner, (Roberge ex Desm.) Ertz,Diederich & Hafellner and Y. Joshi, R.Bajpai and Upreti].In having somewhat similar size of ascus and ascospore, thenew species resembles to some extent with(Speg.) Hafellner and (Diederich andFreebury) Diederich and Freebury differs inhaving a bigger perithecia (250- -120(-

Norman) and always lackanamorphic stage. Likewise ,has a bigger perithecia (180- 90-120(-150)diam) but it used to colonize lichen genusS.Y. Kondr. and Kärnefelt and always have the anamorphicstage having conidia much bigger than that of new species[(4.5-)5.6-7.1(-8.6) × (2.9-)3.3-4.3(- -)5 × 3

(D. Hawksw.) Hafellner and Ertz colonizinglichen genus (Fr.) Th. Fr. differs from the newspecies not only in having different host ( ) but also inhaving bigger asci and ascospores [(80-)90-110 × 7-

-)13-15 × (5.5-)6- ( ).Teleomorphic stage:

Uttarakhand, Pithoragarh district, Munsiyari, en route to

Bilju-Milam, 30°22'087" N, 80°10'807" E, alt. 3288 m, onthallus of Rhizoplaca chrysoleuca, 21 September 2017, K.Bisht, s.n. (LWG 35497). Anamorphic stage: Uttarkashidistrict, Gangotri, in route to Gomukh, 3 Km beforeBhojwasa, 30°57'06.6" N, 79°02'58.9 " E, alt. 3818 m, onapothecial disc of growing on rocks,05 May 2017, R. Bajpai, 17-026995 (LWG).

Y. Joshi sp. nov.MycoBank MB 820853

Similar to R. Sant. inhaving ±5-septate ascospores, but differs from it in severalcharacters, such as, lack of dark brown sterile stromatic tissuewhich is K+ bluish-black and N-, presence of pigment 5,bigger ascospores and a different host (Nyl.).

INDIA. Uttarakhand, Uttarkashi district,Govind Wild Life Sanctuary (GWLS), in route to Har ki Dunfrom Osla, near Khad, 31°08'22.17" N, 78°24'30.56" E, alt.3222 m, on thallus of , 16 June 2012, D.K.Upreti andR.Bajpai,12-016144(Holotype-LWG 35499).

The epithet refers to the host lichen genusAch.

Lichenicolous fungus growing on thethallus of , apparently commensalistic.Ascomata stromatic, single or grouped, rounded in surfaceview, immarginate, convex to rarely flattened, (0.2-)0.6-1(-1.1) mm diam.; surface black, matt to slightly glossy, rough towarted; not visibly damaging the host thallus. Stromamultilocular, sterile stromatic tissue not carbonized, pale tomedium orange-brown (without green pigment), K+ bluish-black, N-, with pigment 5 (Meyer and Printzen, 2000), basalpart 100-200 µm, composed of brown hyphae. Hymeniumhyaline, 70-90 µm high, loculi 110-140 µm wide; hymenialgel I+ red. Epihymenium pale brown, I+ red. Paraphysesabundant, branched and sometimes anastomosed, septate, 2-3µm thick, apically not distinctly swollen. Asci clavate, 4-spored, (50-)75-85(-90) × (12-)12.5-17.5(-18) µm (n = 25), of

-type, wall K/I-, except for an apical K/I+ blue

ca.

=

ca

Rhizoplacachrysoleuca

R. chrysoleuca Arthonia clemensLichenoconium lecanorae

Sphaerellothecium contextum

Didymocyrtiset

al.D. consimilis D. epiphyscia

D. ramalinaeD. thamnoliicola

D. infestansD. xanthomendozae

. D. infestans

TeloschistesD. infestans D. xanthomendozae

Xanthomendoza

D. slaptoniensisXanthoria

loc. cit.

Rhizoplaca chrysoleuca

Plectocarpon cladoniae

Parmelia meiophora

Parmelia meiophora

ETYMOLOGY:Parmelia

Parmelia meiophora

Opegrapha

150)μmdiam.;wall dark brown, often somewhat paler towards thebase, laterally 15μmdiam., of about 3

1.5 μm diam. Asci 10) μm(

5 μm

μm indiam.; wall of conidiomata dark brown in upper part, palebrown towards the base, 10 μm

μm(

350 μm vs 90 150) μmdiam.), different host (

250 μm vs μm

4.6) μmvs (4 μm].

10 μmand (11 7μm, respectively]

HOST:

DISTRIBUTION:

REMARKS:

Table 1SPECIMENS EXAMINED:

2. Fig. 2. a-d

DIAGNOSIS:

HOLOTYPE:

DESCRIPTION:

Plectocarpon parmeliarum

Characters D. infestans D. rhizoplacae D. slaptoniensis D. xanthomendozaeParts parasitised in the hymenium

and/or thalluson apothecial disc in the hymenium,

apothecialmargin and the thallus

in the host apothecia,more rarely in the thallus

Size ofperithecia (μm)

250-350 90-120(-150) (150-)200-300 180-250

Asci (µm) 70-95 ×7-9(10)

75-80 ×7-8(-10)

(80-)90-110 ×7-10

75-110 ×8-9.5

Size ofascospores (µm)

10-13(-14) ×4.5-6

10-12 ×4-5

(11-)13-15 ×(5.5-)6-7

(10.5-)11-13(-14) ×(5.5-)6-7(-7.5)

Pycnidia Absent Present Present PresentSize of pycnidia(μm)

- 80-100(-110) 80-120(-150) 140-160

Number ofguttules

- 1(-2) guttules 2 guttules (1-)2 guttules

Size of conidia(μm)

- (4-)5 × 3 (5-)6-8(-9) × 2.5-3.5 (4.5-)5.6-7.1(-8.6) ×(2.9-)3.3-4.3(-4.6)

Host Teloschisteschrysophthalmus(L.) Norman ex

Tuck. and T.flavicans (Sw.)

Norman

Rhizoplacachrysoleuca (Sm.)

Zopf

Xanthoria parietina (L.)Th. Fr.

Xanthomendozahasseana (Räsänen)

Søchting, Kärnefelt &S.Y. Kondr. andX. montana (L.

Lindblom) Søchting,Kärnefelt & S.Y. Kondr.

Knowndistribution

Africa (CanaryIslands) and South

America(Argentina)

Asia (India) Europe (Austria,Belgium, England,

France, Germany, Italy,Liechtenstein,

Luxembourg, Portugal,Switzerland)

Canada (Quebec andSaskatchewan)

Table 1. Comparative analaysis of some closely relatedspecies (Ertz . 2015)Didymocyrtis et al

2722 Yogesh Joshi, Manish Tripathi, Kapil Bisht, Shashi Upadhyay, Vishal Kumar, Neha Pal, Ankita Gaira, Sugandha Pant, Kamal S. Rawat, Sunita Bisht, Rajesh Bajpai and Josef P. Halda

ring. Ascospores hyaline, oblong-fusiform, 5-septate,constricted at the septa, all the six cells are more or less equalin length, (25-)27.5-30(-31) × (7-)7.5-10(-12.5) µm (n = 25);perispore thin, at first hyaline, with a granular-rugose darkbrown pigmentation at maturity. Conidiomata not observed.

Growing on thalli of epiphytic .Since thallus of lichen infected by the new species is scarcelyaffected and no deformation or discoloration was noticed, thisfungus can be regarded as a commensalist.

So far, the species is reported only fromtype locality.

The lichenicolous genus Fée tillnow is represented by 38 species across the world (Lawreyand Diederich, 2018), of which only three species are knownto have more than 3-septate ascospores, R.Sant., Diederich andDiederich and Etayo (Ertz ., 2005).

and can easily be discernedfrom the new species by the presence of 6-septate ascosporesand different hosts Vain. andDill. ex Adans., respectively ( ).

the other known species of the genus with 5-septateascospores differs from the new species in several characters,such as, presence of dark brown sterile stromatic tissue whichis K+ olivaceous and N+ red-brown, Atra-brown pigment,smaller ascospores [20-27 × 7-8 µm vs (25-)27.5-30(-31) ×(7-)7.5-10(-12.5) µm] and a different host P.Browne ( ).Generally the species of used to colonizelichens of different genera of , but rarelymembers of ( ), and this is for thefirst time it is being reported on .Hafellner, is a genus next to and one of itscommon species (Nyl.)Haellner, having similar ascomatal features (i.e. ascomatalsurface riddled with numerous punctiform holes) and same

generic host . need not to be confused with thenew species, as the ascospores in are not onlybigger and narrower than that of new species [30-35 × 4.5-6µm vs (25-)27.5-30(-31) × (7-)7.5-10(-12.5) µm] but alsohave a hyaline perispore with a long caudate appendage at oneend. The mature spores of the new species have a dark browngranulose perispore and always lacks the caudate appendage.Besides this, Atra-brown pigment is always present in thecarbonized layer of which is absent in thenew species.

Y. Joshi sp. nov.MycoBank MB 820854

Similar to Matzerbut differs from it in having smaller ascomata [(62.5-)70-80(-90) × (85-)92-100(-110) µm vs 110-150 × 100-120 µm],larger ascospores [(22.5-)25-27.5(-28) × (5-)7.5-10(-11) µmvs (12-)13-15.5-18 × 5-5.6-6µm] which are alwaystransversally 3-septate, different host [

Patw. and Prabhu. vs (Zahlbr.)Elix, Lumbsch and Lücking] and different ecology(saxicolous vs foliicolous).

INDIA. Kerala, Palakkad district, SilentValley National Park, Walakkad, on thallus of

, s.d., Stephen Sequeira, 23400 (Holotype-LWG35500).

The epithet refers to the host lichen genus(Vain.) Hale

Lichenicolous fungus growing on thethallus of , apparentlycommensalistic. Ascomata perithecioid, semi-immersed orsubsessile, aggregated to confluent, only the upper darkbrown to black part of the ascomata visible; ovoid toobpyriform in longitudinal section, (62.5-)70-80(-90) µmtall, (85-)92-100(-110) µm wide; ostiolar channel 15 µmlong. Peridium brown to dark brown, 7.5-10 µm wide,composed of 2-5 layers of isodiametric to tangentiallyelongated cells. Interascal filaments numerous, persistent, 2-3 µm wide, septate, branched and anastomosing, present

HOST:

DISTRIBUTION:

REMARKS:

Table 1

Table 2

3. Fig. 3. a-d

DIAGNOSIS:

HOLOTYPE:

:.

DESCRIPTION:

Parmelia meiophora

Plectocarpon

viz. P. cladoniaeP. pseudocyphellariae P. usneae

et al Plectocarponpseudocyphellariae P. usneae

viz. Pesudocyphellaria UsneaPlectocarpon

cladoniae

viz. Cladonia

PlectocarponPeltigerales

Parmeliaceae LecanoralesParmelia Perigrapha

Plectocarponviz. Perigrapha superveniens

viz ParmeliaP. superveniens

P. superveniens

Pyrenidium sporopodiorum

Hypotrachynacoorgiana Sporopodiorum

Hypotrachynacoorgiana

ETYMOLOGYHypotrachyna

Hypotrachyna coorgiana

Pyrenidium hypotrachynae

Table 2. Comparative analaysis of some closely relatedspecies (Ertz . 2005)Plectocarpon et al

Characters P. cladoniae P. pseudocyphellariae P. parmeliarum P. usneaeSterile stromatictissue

well developed,dark brown

poorly developed, brown poorly developed, paleto medium orange

brown

poorly developed,reddish brown

K and N reactionsof sterile stromatictissue

K+ olivaceous,N+ reddish

brown

K+ olivaceous brown, N+dark brown later turning

reddish brown

K+ bluish-black, N- K-, N-

Atra brownpigment

Present Present Absent Absent

Labyrinthiformornamentation

Present ±Present Absent Absent

Width of locules(µm)

70-140 50-100 110-140 85-105

Asci (µm) 50-70 ×15-20

30-40 ×10-12

(50-)75-85(-90) ×12.5-17.5

45-55 ×11-14

Number of sporesper ascus

4 4 4 4-8

Size of ascospores(µm)

20-27 ×7-8

21-31 × 4-4.5 (25-)27.5-30(-31) ×(7-)7.5-10(-12.5)

26-30 ×4-5

Number of septa inascospores

(4-)5 6 5 (5-)6(-7)

Perispore at first hyaline,then with a

granulose darkbrown

pigmentation atmaturity

always hyaline, brownpigmentaion absent

at first hyaline, thenwith a granulose darkbrown pigmentation at

maturity

always hyaline,brown pigmentaion

absent

Pycnidia Present Absent Absent AbsentHost Cladonia Pseudocyphellaria Parmelia UsneaKnown distribution Europe, North

AmericaPapua New Guinea India Rwanda

Fig. 2. (a-d): a.

b.c.d.

Plectocarpon parmeliarumP. parmeliarum Parmelia meiophora

.

(holotype): Stromata ofon thallus of (Scale =

1 mm). Magnified view of a gall (Scale = 1 mm).Ascomata in cross section inBrown and hyaline ascospores in water (Scale = 10

Iodine (Scale = 100 μm)μm).

9928 Further contributions to the documentation of lichenicolous fungi from India

between the asci, upper cells of the ostiolar filaments oftencontain a blue-green pigment. Asci fissitunicate, cylindrical,stipitate, 4-spored, (50-)55-65(-70) × (8.5-)8.7-10(-11) µm (n= 50); with a distinct internal apical beak at the apex.Ascospores initially hyaline, brown at maturiy with the endcells often pale brown to subhyaline, ellipsoid, with roundedends, 3-septate, constricted at the septa, smooth, with oildroplets, without a gelatinous sheath, overlappinglyuniseriate in the asci, (22.5-)25-27.5(-28) × (5-)7.5-10(-11)µm (n = 50). Conidiomata not observed.

Growing on thalli of epilithic. Since thallus of lichen infected by

is scarcely affected and no deformation ordiscoloration was noticed, this fungus may be regarded as acommensalist.

So far, the species is reported only fromtype locality.

The lichenicolous genus Nyl. tilldate is represented by 10 species across the world (Lawreyand Diederich, 2018), of which only 2 species are known tohave 4-spored asci, Nyl. and

Matzer. Among them is themost common and widely distributed species colonizingvarious hosts ( (L.) Körb.,(Huds.) Rebent., (Ach.) J. Steiner,

(Nyl.) Vain.,(Nyl.) Szatala, J.R. Laundon,

(Flörke) Arnold,(Dicks.) Körb., species,

species, cf. (Ach.) Frey,species, (L.) Ach., (L.) Ach.,

species, (Ach.) A. Massal., andspecies) (Hawksworth, 1980, 1983; Matzer and

Hafellner, 1990; Triebel , 1991; Galloway, 2007) anddiffers from the new species in having thicker peridium (30-40 µm) and bigger asci (60-90 × 12-18 µm) whichoccasionally may be 8-spored and have larger (2-)3(-4)-septate ascospores [20-25(-30) × 7-10 µm] (Navarro-Rosinésand Cl. Roux, 2007). differs from the newspecies in having a different host preference

(Zahlbr.) Elix, Lumbsch & Lücking, larger ascomata(110-150 × 100-120 µm) and smaller ascospores [(12-)13-15.5(-18) × 5-6 µm] which sometimes are 2-septate and theseptum can be oblique (Matzer, 1996).

The following forty nine species are new to Indianlichenicolous mycobiota:

Tul.,: 115 (1852)

Sexual stage: INDIA.Uttarakhand, Pithoragarh district, Burfu, on way to Milam,30°21'46.93" N, 80°10'54.16" E, alt. 3290 m, on

colonizing , 24September 2016, Kapil Bisht, s.n. (LWG 35501). Asexualstage as (B. de Lesd.) Dyko and D.Hawksw.: Arunachal Pradesh, Tawang district, aroundmonastry, 27°35'6.5" N, 91°51'27.7" E, alt. 2966 m, on

colonizing bark, 16 June 2015, R.Bajpai, 15-026571 (LWG 33042). Himachal Pradesh,Chamba district, in and around Khajiyar, alt. 2000 m, on

colonizing , 15 May 2001,D.K. Upreti and S. Nayaka, 01-75450 (LWG). Uttarakhand,Chamoli district, Gwaldam, Bhaguna, on

colonizing bark, 04 May 2015, S. Rawat, s.n.(LWG); Pithoragarh district, Burfu, on way to Milam,30°21'46.93" N, 80°10'54.16" E, alt. 3290 m, on

colonizing , 24September 2016, Kapil Bisht, s.n. (LWG 35502).

Mont.,: 70 (1851)

INDIA. Tamil Nadu, Sholas,at 8-9 miles Ootacamund-Mysore Road, alt. 2133 m, onthallus of colonizing tree trunk, 30December 1959, D.D. Awasthi, 4461 (LWG-AWAS). WestBengal, Darjeeling district, Tiger hill, 2286-2590 m, onthallus of cf. colonizing bark, 17 April1960, M.N. Bose, 62.23 (LWG-AWAS).

(Hepp) D. Hawksw.,(1): 22 (1983)

INDIA. Uttarakhand, Chamolidistrict, Lata area, alt. 3200 m, oncolonizing soil, 08 October 2006, S. Rawat, 06-006887/B(LWG).

(Triebel and Rambold) Hafellner,: 298 (2002)

INDIA. Uttarakhand,Bageshwar district, Pindari glacier, Zero point, 30°15'34.5"

Hypotrachynacoorgiana Pyrenidiumhypotrachynae

Pyrenidium

viz. P. actinellum P.sporopodiorum P. actinellum

Aspicilia calcarea Baeomyces rufusCaloplaca teicholyta

Diploschistes caesioplumbeus Fulgensiafulgida Lecanora jamesiiLeptogium teretiusculum Massalongiacarnosa Peltigera Phaeophyscia

Physcia hispidula PseudocyphellariaSolorina crocea S. saccata

Teloschistes Toninia squalidaTrapeliopsis

et al.

P. sporopodiorumviz. Sporopodium

citrinum

Annales des SciencesNaturelles Botanique

Flavoparmelia caperata Juniperus indica

Vouauxiomyces truncatus

Flavoparmelia caperata

Flavoparmelia caperata Cedrus

Flavoparmeliacaperata

Flavoparmelia caperata Juniperus indica

Annales des SciencesNaturelles Botanique

Sticta fuliginosa

Sticta platyphylloides

The Lichenologist

Peltigera rufescens

Mycotaxon

HOSTS:

DISTRIBUTION:

REMARKS:

New records

1.17

MATERIALS EXAMINED:

2.16

MATERIALS EXAMINED:

3. 15

MATERIAL EXAMINED:

4.84

MATERIAL EXAMINED:

Abrothallus microspermus

Abrothallus welwitschii

Bacidia killiasii

Buelliella inops

Fig. 3. (a-d): a.

b.c.

d.

Pyrenidium hypotrachynaeHypotrachyna coorgiana P. hypotrachynae

(holotype): Thallus ofinfected by

(Scale = 1 mm). Magnified view of perithecia in clumps(Scale = 1 mm). Perithecia in cross section in water (Scale=100 Ascospores inascus(60x) (Scale=10= ) . ) .m μm


N, 79°59'55.7" E, alt. 3881 m, oncolonizing bark, 07 October 2015, R. Bajpai M. Tripathi,s.n. (LWG).

Poelt and Hafellner,: 155 (1979)

INDIA. Himachal Pradesh,Kangra district, Palampur, alt. 1200 m, on

colonizing bark, 22 April 2010, R. Khare and S.Mohabe, 10-25359 (LWG 31150).

(Nyl.) Hertel,: 442 (1983)

INDIA. Rajasthan, Sirohidistrict, Mt. Abu, Achalgarh, 24°36'57.21" N, 72°45'59.06"E, alt. 1383 m, on colonizing rocks, 22 May 2013,SandeepYadav, 13-026410 (LWG 32701).

(Nyl.) Grube and Hafellner,(3-4): 337 (1990)

INDIA. Uttarakhand,Bageshwar district, Phurkia to Pindari glacier, alt. 3500 m, on

colonizing stones, 23 May 1950, D.D.Awasthi andA.M.Awasthi, 780 (LWG-AWAS 12493).

(Körb.) D. Hawksw.,: 379 (1982)

INDIA. Uttarakhand,Pithoragarh district, Dharchula block, Byans valley, Kutivillage, 30°18.192' N, 80°45.922' E, alt. 3872 m, on

colonizing rocks, 01 October 2015, KapilBisht, s.n. (LWG 35503).

(Anzi) Hafellner,: 124 (1979)

INDIA. Kerala, Palakkaddistrict, Silent Valley National Park, Anginda, alt. 2200 m, on

, s.d., Stephen Sequeira, s.n. (KFRI).(Müll. Arg.) Hafellner,

: 126 (1979)INDIA. Madhya Pradesh, Katni

district, Khitauli, on colonizing barkof , 20 February 2009, G.K. Mishra and S.Mohabe, 09-009927/A(LWG 10612).

Vain.,(2): 221, 262, 263 (1921)

INDIA. Uttarakhand,Uttarkashi district, Gangotri, in route to Gomukh, Chirwasa,near river side, 30°58'40.2" N, 79°01'33.7" E, alt. 3555 m, on

colonizing species, 04May 2017, R. Bajpai, 17-031246 (LWG).

Ertz and Diederich,: 71 (2015)

INDIA. Jammu and Kashmir,Jammu district, University Campus, on way to Department ofEnvironmental Science from guest house, behind gas plant,alt. 305 m, on colonizing species,27 December 2004, M.A. Sheikh andA.K. Raina, 04-004797

(LWG 20258).(Roberge ex Desm.) Ertz,

Diederich & Hafellner, : 77 (2015)INDIA. Kerala, Palakkad

district, Silent Valley National Park, Anginda, alt. 2200 m, onthallus of colonizing twigs, s.d., StephenSequeira, 23640 (KFRI).

Giralt and D. Hawksw.,: 759 (1991)

INDIA. Himachal Pradesh,Spiti district, Patsio, alt. 3800 m, oncolonizing rocks, 04 August 2003, D.K. Upreti and S.Chatterjee, 03-001740 (LWG 15033). Jammu and Kashmir,Anatnag district, Pahalgam, south side, alt. 2000 m, on

colonizng rocks, 31 July 2005, M.A. Sheikh,05-029657 (LWG).

(J. Steiner) R. Sant.,: 23 (1994)

INDIA. Kerala, Idukkidistrict, Lockart gap, Munnar, alt. 1600 m, on , 15January 1998, Stephen and Viswam, 008966(KFRI); Palghat district, Sispara, Silent Valley National Park,alt. 1850 m, on , 18 April 1998, StephenSequeira, 20071 (KFRI).

Hafellner, : 302(2002)

INDIA. Himachal Pradesh,Kullu district, Kothi, alt. 2500 m, oncolonizing exposed rocks, 02 August 2002, D.K. Upreti andP.K. Divakar, 02-000007/B (LWG 12347).

(Diederich) Millanesand Wedin, : 120 (2015)

INDIA. Jammu and Kashmir,Sonmarg, alt. 1800-2100 m, on , 30 September1968, D.D.Awasthi and M.Sc. students, 05225 (LWG-LWU).Kerala, Palakkad district, Silent Valley National Park,Poochipara, on var. , s.d.,Stephen Sequeira, 23250 (KFRI). Uttarakhand, Uttarkashidistrict, Gangotri, in route to Gomukh, Chirwasa,30°58'41.06" N, 79°01'35.16" E, alt. 3562 m, on

colonizing rocks, 04 May 2017, R. Bajpai, 17-026962 (LWG). 05 May 2017, R. Bajpai, 17-026979 (LWG).30°57'06.6" N, 79°02'58.9" E, alt. 3818 m, on

var. colonizing species, 06May 2017, R. Bajpai, 17-026966 (LWG).

(Ach.) Körb.,: 460 (1865)

INDIA. Tamil Nadu, Palnihills, Kodai kanal, Pillar rocks area, alt. 2200 m, on

colonizng rocks, 11 December 1970, K.P.Singh, 70.760 (LWG 16415).

D. Hawksw. and Sivan.,(2): 373

(1980)

Caloplaca flavorubescensand

Beihefte zurNova Hedwigia

Phaeophysciaendococcina

Mitteilungen aus derBotanischen Staatssammlung München

Lecanora

Nova Hedwigia

Caloplaca

Notes fromthe Royal Botanical Garden Edinburgh

Umbilicaria vellea

Beihefte zurNova Hedwigia

Parmeliella tryptophyllaBeihefte

zur Nova Hedwigia

Lecanora flavidofuscaMangifera indica

Acta Societatis pro Faunaet Flora Fennica

Melanohalea exasperatula Betula

FungalDiversity

Physcia crispa Entrolobium

Fungal Diversity

Ramalina inflata

Mycological Research

Lecanora garovaglii

Lecanora indica

Thunbergia

UsneaSequeira

Usnea dendritica

Mycotaxon

Dimelaena oreina

Studies in Mycology

Physcia grisea

Heterodermia dissecta koyana

Physciagomukhensis

Physciastellaris intestiniformis Betula

Parerga lichenologica.Ergänzungen zum Systema lichenum Germaniae

Diploschistes

Transactions of the British Mycological Society

5.62

MATERIAL EXAMINED:

6.19

MATERIAL EXAMINED:

7.51

MATERIAL EXAMINED:

8.40

MATERIAL EXAMINED:

9.62

MATERIAL EXAMINED:

10.62

MATERIALEXAMINED:

11.49

MATERIAL EXAMINED:

12.74

MATERIAL EXAMINED:

13.74

MATERIAL EXAMINED:

14.95

MATERIALS EXAMINED:

15.22MATERIALS EXAMINED:

16. 84

MATERIAL EXAMINED:

17.81

MATERIALS EXAMINED:

18.

MATERIALS EXAMINED:

19.74

Buelliella physciicola

Carbonea supersparsa

Cercidospora epicarphinea

Clypeococcum grossum

Dactylospora protothallina

Dactylospora rimulicola

Didymocyrtis consimilis

Didymocyrtis epiphyscia

Didymocyrtis ramalinae

Diplolaeviopsis ranula

Endococcus apiciicola

Endococcus oreinae

Heterocephalacria physciacearum

Karschia talcophila

Lasiosphaeriopsis salisburyi


MATERIAL EXAMINED:

20. 37

MATERIAL EXAMINED:

21.9

MATERIAL EXAMINED:

22.66

MATERIAL EXAMINED:

23.64

MATERIAL EXAMINED:

24.57

MATERIAL EXAMINED:

25.36

MATERIAL EXAMINED:

26.8

MATERIAL EXAMINED:

27.

46MATERIALS EXAMINED:

28.16

MATERIALS EXAMINED:

29. 37

MATERIAL EXAMINED:

30.9

MATERIAL EXAMINED:

31.37

MATERIAL EXAMINED:

32.

134MATERIALS EXAMINED:

33.30

MATERIAL EXAMINED:

INDIA. Uttarakhand, Chamolidistrict, Govind ghat, alt. 1828 m, on colonizingsoil, 18 October 1964,A. Singh, 86977 (LWG).

Diederich, : 308(1990)

INDIA. Uttarakhand,Pithoragarh district, Chandak, in forest near Leprosy hospital,on colonizing bark, 18 November 1989, D.K.Upreti, 201901 (LWG 9419).

M.S. Christ. and D. Hawksw.,(2): 174 (1977)

INDIA. Kerala, Idukki district,Anaimundi slope, alt. 2300 m, on , 15January 1999, Stephen Sequeira, 22115 (KFRI).

(G. Thor) Ertz and Diederich,: 135 (2014)

INDIA. Kerala, Palakkaddistrict, Thondakulam, oncolonizng rocks, s.d., Stephen Sequeira, 23825 (KFRI).

Etayo and Diederich,: 101 (1997)

INDIA. Kerala, Palakkaddistrict, Parambikulam Tiger Reserve, Top Slip, alt. 243 m, on

, 02 March 2005, Mohandas, s.n. (KFRI).Nav.-Ros. and Hafellner,

: 213 (1996)INDIA. Uttarakhand,

Uttarkashi district, in route to Gomukh, near glacier snout,30°55'43.42" N, 79°04'40.77" E, alt. 4036 m, on

growing colonizing rocks, 06 May 2017, R. Bajpai,17-026967 (LWG).

S. Hughes,(6): 786 (1958)

INDIA. Uttarakhand, PauriGarhwal, Khirsu, on , 14 October 2004, S.Nayaka andV. Shukla, 04-004760 (LWG 15672).

(W. Phillips and Plowr.) Sacc.,: 282 (1889)

INDIA. Arunachal Pradesh,West Kameng district, Bomdila, 27°15'57.5" N, 92°25'18.9"E, alt. 2491 m, on colonizing soil, 17 June2015, R. Bajpai, 15-026694 (LWG 33215).

(A. Massal.) Rambold, Triebel andCoppins,

: 384 (1990)INDIA. Himachal Pradesh,

Kinnaur district, Chitkul forest area, 4000 m, oncolonizing soil, 04 November 2003, D.K. Upreti, R.

Srivastava and Prakash, 03-002711C (LWG 006672). Kulludistrict, Great Himalayan National Park, Dhela, alt. 3000 m,on colonizing bark of

, 08 September 1999, D.K. Upreti, 99-54041(LWG 006373). Uttarakhand, Uttarkashi district, Gangotri,

way to Gomukh, on colonizing soil, 04May 2017, R. Bajpai, 17-026948 (LWG).

(Sommerf.) D. Hawksw.,(1): 86 (1984)

INDIA. Himachal Pradesh,Shimla district, Rohodu, Larote, in route to Chanshal pass, 4miles stone, 31°13'43.7" N, 77°57'8.3" E, alt. 2725 m, on

colonizing twigs, 26 August 2016, R.Bajpai, 16-030314 (LWG); 8 miles stone, 31°13'47.9" N,77°57'30.7" E, alt. 2961 m, oncolonizing bark, 26 August 2016, R. Bajpai, 16-030330(LWG).

Diederich, : 316(1990)

INDIA. Uttarakhand, Nainitaldistrict, Ratan College, alt. 2100 m, on

colonizing , 24December 2009, H. Kholia, 09-014802 (LWG 11526). on theway to Naina peak, alt. 2500 m, oncolonizing , 26 December 2009, H.Kholia, 09-014414 (LWG 11003). Pauri district, Khirsu, on

colonizing bark, 18 June2005, V. Shukla and Y. Joshi, 05-005454 (LWG 008477).Uttarkashi district, Govind Wildlife Sanctuary, on way toKedarnath, 31°04.133' N, 78°11.360' E, alt. 2314 m, on

colonizing bark, 15 May 2011,D.K. Upreti, S. Nayaka and R. Bajpai, 11-016033 (LWG10935).

(Poelt and Nimis) Hafellner,(1-2): 86 (1992)

INDIA. Uttarakhand,Uttarakashi district, Govind Wildlife Sanctuary (GWLS), inroute to Har-ki-Dun, from Osla, 31°08'22.17" N,78°24'30.56" E, alt. 3205 m, oncolonizing , 11 June 2012, D.K. Upreti and R. Bajpai,12-016167 (LWG 27696).

(Anzi) Matzer and Hafellner,: 59 (1990)INDIA. Kerala, Idukki district,

Sylvan Valley, Munnar, alt. 1500 m, on ,20 May 1998, Stephen Sequeira, 008917 (KFRI).

(Alstrup and Zhurb.)Hafellner,


Bageshwar district, in route to Pindari glacier from Phurkia toZero point, alt. 3210-3660 m, oncolonizing soil, 14 May 2007, Y. Joshi and S. Joshi, 07-015749 (LWG 11228). Uttarkashi district, Gangotri, way toGomukh, on colonizing soil, 04 May2017, R. Bajpai, 17-026948 (LWG).

Diederich and Etayo,(2): 117 (1998)

INDIA. Uttarakhand, Chamolidistrict, near Badrinath, on way from Mana to Vasudhara, alt.

Peltigera

Mycotaxon

Lecanora

Persoonia

Ramalina inflata

Fungal Diversity

Diploschistes actinostomus

Bibliotheca Lichenologica

Ramalina

Mycotaxon

Aspiciliacalcarea

Canadian Journal ofBotany

Lecanora leprosa

Sylloge Fungorum

Peltigera canina

Notes from the Royal Botanical Garden Edinburgh

Cladoniapyxidata

Cladonia cartilaginea Quercussemecarpifolia

Cladonia pyxidata

TheLichenologist

Lobaria kurokawae

Lobaria pindarensis

Mycotaxon

Caloplacaflavorubescens Quercus semecarpifolia

Caloplaca flavorubescensQuercus semecarpifolia

Caloplaca flavorubescens Quercus

Caloplaca flavorubescens

Herzogia

Ochrolechia rosellaAbies


Cladonia ramulosa

Mitteilungen des Naturwissenschaftlichen Vereinsfür Steiermark

Cladonia pyxidata

Cladonia pyxidata

TheLichenologist

Lawalreea lecanorae

Lichenoconium erodens

Lichenothelia rugosa

Lichenopeltella ramalinae

Lichenostigma elongatum

Monodictys cellulosa

Pezizella epithallina

Phaeopyxis punctum

Plectocarpon lichenum

Polycoccum tinantii

Rhizocarpon ochrolechiae

Roselliniella cladoniae

Sphaerellothecium cladoniae

Sphaerellothecium parmeliae


3340 m, on colonizing soil over rocks, 21August 2007, D.K. Upreti and S. Nayaka, 07-010130 (LWG13580).

(Lettau) Nav.-Ros., Cl.Roux and Hafellner, : 118(2018)

INDIA. Uttarakhand,Bageshwar district, near Pindari glacier, Mirtoli to ridge ofmoraine, alt. 3600 m, on colonizing soil overstones, 11 June 1970, D.D. Awasthi, 7702 (LWG-AWAS14556); Uttarkashi district, between Gangotri to Gomukh, on

colonizing rocks, 24 April 1962, A. Singh97505 (LWG 20472).

Zhurb.,: 164 (2011)

INDIA. Sikkim, North Sikkim,Chubuk, above Thanngu, alt. 4100 m, on thallus of

colonizing soil, 13August 2004, D.K. Upreti, S.Chatterjee and P.K. Divakar, 04-003938 (LWG 24678).

(Etayo, Diederich andCoppins) Baloch andWedin, (2): 393 (2013)

INDIA. Madhya Pradesh, Rewadistrict, Baikunthpur, Khamariya, oncolonizing tree trunk, 18 February 2009, G.K. Mishraand S. Mohabe, 09-009134/B (LWG 10527).

Nyl.,


Champawat district, near guest house Champawat proper, onsp. colonizing tree bark, 26 November 2010,

Gaurav K. Mishra, 10-015299 (LWG 10520).(Arnold) R. Sant., : 17,

no. 147 (1988)INDIA. Jammu & Kashmir,

Doda district, Bhaderwah, alt. 2350 m, on thallus ofsp. colonizing rock, August 2017, Vishal Kumar,

s.n. (LWG 35504); Kishtwar district, Kishtwar High AltitudeNational Park, Deharna, alt. 2300 m, on thallus of

colonizing rock, August 2017, Vishal Kumar, s.n.(LWG 35505); ibid., Sonder, alt. 2019 m, on thallus of

colonizing rock, August 2017, VishalKumar, s.n. (LWG 35506).

Etayo,: 124 (2002)

INDIA. Kerala, Kottayamdistrict, Parathodu, alt. 900 m, on var.

, s.d., Stephen , 23294 (KFRI); Palakkaddistrict, Silent Valley National Park, Walakkad, Cheria, on

, s.d., Stephen Sequeira, 234443(KFRI).

Cl. Roux, Triebel and Etayo,: 499 (1994)

INDIA. West Bengal,

Darjeeling district, Darjeeling, Pushok road, 7 miles fromDarjeeling, alt. 1950 m, on thallus of , 06March 1967, D.D. Awasthi and M.R. Agarwal, 67-175 (LWG16099).

(B. de Lesd.) Cl. Roux &Triebel, : 511(1994)

INDIA. Jammu & Kashmir,Doda district, Bhaderwah, alt. 2350 m, on thallus of

colonizing rock, August 2017,Vishal Kumar, s.n. (LWG 35507); Kishtwar district,Kishtwar High Altitude National Park, Marwah, alt. 1900 m,on thallus of colonizing rock, July2017, Vishal Kumar, s.n. (LWG 35508); ibid., Sonder, alt.2019 m, on thallus of colonizingrock, July 2017, Vishal Kumar, s.n. (LWG 35509); ibid.,Deharna, alt. 2300 m, on thallus of

colonizing rock, August 2017, Vishal Kumar, s.n.(LWG 35510).

(Anzi) A. Nordin and Tibell,(6): 497 (2005)

INDIA. Jammu and Kashmir,Leh district, Chumathang valley, Somreri, 20 km beforeSomreri, on colonizing rocks, 02 August 2012,Jatinder Kumar, 021203 (LWG 13304). Uttarakhand,Chamoli district, Valley of flowers, alt. 3450 m, on

coloniziing exposed rock, 20 October 1964, A.Singh, 85406/B (LWG 14321); Uttarkashi district, Gangotri,in route to Gomukh, Chirwasa, 30°58'44.8" N, 79°01'26.8" E,alt. 3556 m, on colonizing rocks, 04 May 2017,R. Bajpai, 17-26970 (LWG).

Diederich,: 77 (1996)

INDIA. Uttarakhand,Uttarkashi district, Gangotri, in route to Gomukh, Chirwasa,30°58'40.2" N, 79°01'33.7" E, alt. 3555 m, on

colonizing twigs, 05 May 2017, R. Bajpai, 17-031261 (LWG).

Diederich,: 125 (1996)

INDIA. Uttarakhand, Almoradistrict, Banari devi forest, alt. 1940 m, on

colonizing bark, s.d., Y. Joshi and party, s.n.(LWG 35511); Almora, on colonizing

twig, s.d., Kapil Bisht, s.n. (LWG 35512).Diederich,

: 159 (1996)INDIA. Tamil Nadu, Madurai

district, Shaubaganur, Kodaikanal, along hevings path, alt.1828-1981 m, on colonizing stones withmosses, 22 December 1959, G. Foreau & D.D.Awasthi, 4296(LWG-AWAS).

Erichsen, :198 (1943)

INDIA. Uttarakhand, Chamoli

Parmelia sulcata

Revista Catalana de Micologia

Physcia albinea

Physcia albinea

TheLichenologist

Thamnoliavermicularis

Mycologia

Pertusaria leucostomaAcacia

Synopsis MethodicaLichenum Omnium hucusque Cognitorum, PraemissaIntroductione Lingua Gallica

Pertusaria

Thunbergia

Acarospora

Acarosporafuscata

Acarospora fuscata

BibliothecaLichenologica

Heterodermia dissectakoyana Sequeira

Heterodermia obscurata

Bulletin de la Société Linnéenne de Provence

Mycobilimbia hunna

Bulletin de la Société Linnéenne de Provence

Protoparmeliopsis muralis



Protoparmeliopsismuralis

The Lichenologist

Physcia

Physciagomukhensis

Physcia dubia


Everniamesomorpha

BibliothecaLichenologica

Parmotremareticulatum

ParmotremaPyrancantha


Sticta weigelii

Annales Mycologici

34.39

MATERIALS EXAMINED:

35.44

MATERIAL EXAMINED:

36.105

MATERIALEXAMINED:

37.

1MATERIAL EXAMINED:

38. 6

MATERIALS EXAMINED:

39.84

MATERIALS EXAMINED:

40.45

MATERIAL EXAMINED:

41.45

MATERIALS EXAMINED:

42.37

MATERIALS EXAMINED:

43.61MATERIAL EXAMINED:

44.61

MATERIALS EXAMINED:

45.61MATERIAL EXAMINED:

46. 41

MATERIAL EXAMINED:

Sphaerellothecium pumilum

Sphaerellothecium thamnoliae

Sphaeropezia pertusariae

Sphinctrina leucopoda

Stigmidium fuscatae

Stigmidium heterodermiae

Stigmidium mycobilimbiae

Stigmidium squamariae

Tetramelas pulverulentus

Tremella everniae

Tremella parmeliarum

Tremella stictae

Verrucaria latericola


district, 1/2 Km before Niti, alt. 3430 m, oncolonizing exposed rocks, 20 August 2007, D.K.

Upreti and S. Nayaka, 07-011217 (LWG).(Nordin) D. Hawksw.,

(1): 67(1981)

INDIA. Sikkim, North Sikkimdistrict, Kabi-Tingda, around HSP-II, 27°24.904" N,88°41.707" E, alt. 3629 m, oncolonizing twigs, 22 July 2016, R. Bajpai, 16-030215 (LWG).

(Körb.) Cl. Roux,: 139 (2009)

INDIA. West Bengal, Farakka,Jamtala, on the bank of The Ganges, alt. 33 m, 24°43'50.8" N,87°55'49.8" E, on colonizing

, 10 July 2015, S. Nayaka, 15-031968 (LWG).(Zwackh) Grube and

Hafellner, (3-4): 327 (1990)INDIA. Uttarakhand, Nainital

district, on the way to Naina peak, alt. 2500 m, oncolonizing , 26 December 2009, H.Kholia, 09-014414 (LWG 11003).

YJ would like to thank G.B. Pant National Institute ofHimalayan Environment and Sustainable Development(GBPI/IERP/16-17/16/175) and Council for Scientific andIndustrial Research [38(1441)/17/EMR-II] for financialassistance. To Prof. M.P. Zhurbenko and Prof. P. Navarro-Rosinés we are obliged for valuable comments on the earlydraft of the manuscript, and Drs. D.K. Upreti and V.B.Sreekumar for providing specimens on loan basis. One of theauthor (RB) is thankful to CSIR, New Delhi for Scientist Pool(8909A).

Ertz, D., Christnach, C., Wedin, M. and Diederich, P. 2005. Aworld monograph of the genus( ).1-155.

Ertz, D., Diederich, P., Lawrey, J.D., Berger, F., Freebury,C.E., Coppins, B., Gardiennet, A. and Hafellner, J.2015. Phylogenetic insights resolve( ) as polyphyletic:( ) with -likeanamorphs resurrected and segregated from

( fam.nov.). . DOI: 10.1007/s13225-015-0345-6.

Galloway, D. 2007.

ManaakiWhenua Press, Lincoln, New Zealand. 2261 pp.

Hawksworth, D.L. 1980. Notes on some fungi occurring on, with a key to accepted species.

363-386.Hawksworth, D.L. 1983. The identity of

Nyl. 547-549.Joseph, S., Sinha, G.P. and Ramachandran, V.S. 2018.

. Bishen SinghMahendra Pal Singh, Dehra Dun, India. 172 pp.

Joshi, Y., Falswal, A. and Halda, J.P. 2017a.- a new species of

from India. 147-151.Joshi, Y., Falswal, A. and Joshi, R. 2017b. A new species of

lichenicolous fungus from India.42-43.

Joshi, Y., Falswal, A., Tripathi, M., Upadhyay, S., Bisht, A.,Chandra, K., Bajpai, R. and Upreti, D.K. 2016a. Onehundred and five species of lichenicolous biota fromIndia: An updated checklist for the country.

(3): 268-294.Joshi, Y., Falswal, A., Bajpai, R. and Upreti, D.K. 2016b. A

new species of () growing on

from India. 27-29.Joshi, Y., Falswal, A., Tripathi, M. and Halda, J.P. 2016c.

, a new species oflichenicolous fungi from India. 19-22.

Joshi, Y., Upadhyay, S., Chandra, K., Bisht, K. and Falswal,A. 2016d. A new species of( , Lichenised Ascomycetes) from India.

(3-4): 257-264.Lawrey, J.D. and Diederich, P. 2018. Lichenicolous fungi -

worldwide checklist, including isolated cultures andsequences available. http://www.lichenicolous.net[1/3/2018].

Matzer, M. 1996. Lichenicolous ascomycetes withfissitunicate asci on foliicolus lichens. .

1-202.Matzer, M. and Hafellner, J. 1990. Eine revision der

lichenicolen Arten der Sammelgattung( ). 1-138.

Meyer, B. and Printzen, C. 2000. Proposal for a standardizednomenclature and characterization of insoluble lichenpigments. 571-583.

Navarro-Rosinés, P. and Roux, C. 2007. . In:

(Eds.: Nash, T.H. III, Gries, C. and Bungartz,F.). Tempe,Arizona: Lichens Unlimited Arizona StateUniversity, 404-405.

Singh, P., Joshi, Y. and Singh, K.P. 2017. A new lichenicolousspecies of Nyl. (

) from India. (3-4)439-443.

Stirton, J. 1879. New and rare lichens from India and theHimalayas. 306-322.

Triebel, D., Rambold, G. and Nash, T.H. 1991. Onlichenicolous fungi from Continental North America.

263-296.

Caloplacasaxicola

Bulletin of the British Museum for Natural History

Ramalina conduplicans

Bulletin de laSociété Linnéenne de Provence

Bacidia rubella Mangiferaindica

Nova Hedwigia

LecanoraQuercus semecarpifolia

PlectocarponRoccellaceae, Arthoniales Biblioth. Lichenol.

DacampiaceaePleosporales DidymocyrtisPleosporales, Phaeosphaeriaceae Phoma

Polycoccum Trypetheliales, PolycoccaceaeFungal Divers

Flora of New Zealand Lichens. RevisedSecond Edition Including Lichen-Forming andLichenicolous Fungi. Volumes 1 and 2.

Peltigera Trans. Br.Mycol. Soc.

Pyrenidium

actinellum Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc.

Taxonomic revision of the lichen genus Opegraphasensu lato (Roccellaceae) in India

Polycoccumochvarianum Dothideomycetes

Sydowia

Epicladonia Kavaka

Mycosphere

Didymocyrtis Phaeosphaeriaceae,Ascomycetes Thamnolia vermicularis

Kavaka

Lichenodiplis ochrolechiaeSydowia

PlectocarponRoccellaceae

Acta Bot. Hung.

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LichenologistPyrenidium

Lichen Flora of the Greater Sonoran Desert Region.Vol. III.

Melaspilea Arthoniales,Roccellaceae Acta Bot. Hung.

Proc. Phil. Soc. Glasg.

Mycotaxon

47.9

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49.51

MATERIAL EXAMINED:

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

REFERENCES

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80(3):

69:

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Vouauxiomyces ramalinae

Zwackhiomyces socialis

Zwackhiomyces sphinctrinoides


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