fungus and witches…. the salem witch trials 1692 a series of hearings prosecuting many people of...
TRANSCRIPT
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FUNGUS AND
WITCHES…
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THE SALEM WITCH TRIALS
• 1692• A series of hearings prosecuting many people of practicing witchcraft…• Women and men were executed by hanging• BUT there may be a SCIENTIFIC explanation for this that relates to 3U BIOLOGY and FUNGUS!!!
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WHAT DOES BEING “BEWITCHED” LOOK LIKE?
- Convulsions- Hallucinations- Appear to be posessed
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How can fungus explain witchcraft behaviour?
LET’S WATCH AND SEE…
Disclaimer: I know this is not history class, but we need to learn a little about the history of this in order to understand how the fungi come into play
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ERGOTISM- Ergot (Claviceps purpurea) is a fungus that
grows on the ears of rye plants- It is possible to derive LSD from this fungus
and when it comes into contact with your skin you have similar symptoms to the
WITCHES OF SALEM!!!
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Kingdom FungiCommon Characteristics
• Cells are eukaryotic• All cells are surrounded by a cell wall containing
chitin, not cellulose like plants• Most are multicellular (yeast are single-celled)• Reproduction is sexual and asexual, by
producing spores• They are heterotrophs • Many are stationary and anchored in the soil,
but without true roots
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• Some fungi are decomposers and recyclers.• Other fungi cause disease. (eg. Some moulds)• Some are parasitic (eg. Wheat rust)• Some form mutualistic relationships
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FUNGI
Some fungi are decomposers and recyclers.Other fungi cause disease. (eg. Some moulds)Some are parasitic (eg. Wheat rust)Some form symbiotic relationships (a relationship where both organisms benefit).
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Fungal Structures• Fungi are composed of eukaryotic cells (have
membranes and organelles)• They DO NOT have chloroplasts• The have long, thread-like microscopic cells
called hyphae, which form masses called mycelia
• The hyphae grow in and around a food source, secreting digestive enzymes and absorbing nutrients into the fungus.
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Growth
• Cells grow at the tips only• This allows them to colonize dead or living
organic matter
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Nutrition
• All fungi are heterotrophic and obtain nutrients from other organisms
• The obtain this nutrition by extra-cellular digestion and absorption, not by ingestion
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Reproduction
• Fungi reproduce by spores, which are single cells surrounded by a wall
• Spores are carried by air currents to new sources where they give rise to new hypha
• Asexual reproduction: fungi produce spores by mitosis
• Sexual reproduction: fungi produce spores by meiosis
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Bread Mould, Yeast, Mushrooms