fundamentals saci
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Fundamentals SACITRANSCRIPT
TABLE OF CONTENTS
I.THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK of NURSING PRACTICE
A. NURSING……………………………….1ProfessionBenner Level of Proficiency
B. Nursing History…………………………1
Intuitive PeriodApprentice PeriodDark PeriodEducative PeriodContemporary PeriodNursing in the Philippine Setting
C. Nursing Theories & Theorists………..2-34 Concepts of Nursing TheoriesClassifications of Theories(Nursing Theorists)
II. STRESS & COPING A.Localized Adaptiation Syndrome (LAS)
…..3B.Generalized Adaptation Syndrome (GAS)
…..3
III. INFECTION CONTROL A.Airborne……………..4B.Droplet………………..4C.Contact………………4D.Enteric………………..4E.Neutropenic precaution….4F. Bleeding precaution………4
IV. FUNDAMENTAL HUMAN NEEDS A. OXYGENATION…………………
……4-6Normal breath soundsAdventitious breath soundsAltered breathing pattern
PROCEDURESi. SUCTIONING
b. Oropharyngealc.Nasopharyngeald. Endotracheale. Tracheostomy
ii. OXYGEN THERAPYa. Low Flow System
b. High Flow Systemiii. CHEST PHYSIOTHERAPYiv. CHEST DRAINAGEv. ABG INTERPRETATION
B. NUTRITION……………………….7Vitamins
Water SolubleFat-soluble
PROCEDURESi. NASOGASTRIC TUBE
C. BOWEL/FECAL ELIMINATION…….7
PROCEDURES:EnemaStoma Care
D.URINARY ELIMINATION…………….8 Urinary Incontinence
PROCEDURES:CatheterizationContinuous bladder irrigation
V. FLUIDS & ELECTROLYTESFLUID VOLUME………………………..8
Fluid volume excessFluid volume deficit
ELECTROLYTES………………………..9 Sodium
HyponatremiaHypernatremia
PotassiumHypokalemiaHyperkalemia
CalciumHypercalcemia
Hypocalcemia
VI.GERIATRIC NURSING………….10
VII. MEDICATION--------------10 VIII. DEATH & DYING ………….10Post Mortem Care
FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSING
NURSING
BENNER’S LEVEL OF PROFICIENCY
NURSING HISTORY
1. I _____________________ -
Babylonia
Egypt
Israel
China
India
Greece
Rome2. A ______________________-
3. D ______________________-
4. E _______________________-
5. C _____________________-
NURSING IN THE PHILIPPINE SETTING
“Commit to the Lord whatever you do and your plans will succeed’ Prov. 16:3 FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSINGMs. Christy Bustillo RN USRN CRCP
LEVELS OF PROFICIENCY EXPERIENCE
RULES/MAXIMS
ORGANIZATIONAL ABILITY
SPEED/FLEXIBILIT
Y
HOLISTIC
I. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK of NURSING PRACTICE
FLORENCE NIGHTINGALE VIRGINIA HENDERSON
MARTHA ROGER
SISTER CALLISTA ROY
1577 – ______________________________- first hospital for the Spanish wounded soldiers 1578 – ______________________________- Hospital by Bro. Juan Clemente (Leprosy) 1906 – ______________________________-first Nursing school 1907
o _________________________o _________________________o _________________________o _________________________
______________________________- Philippine Nurses Association by Anastacia Giron-Tupas
A. GENERAL THEORIES
B. SYSTEM THEORIES
“Commit to the Lord whatever you do and your plans will succeed’ Prov. 16:3 FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSINGMs. Christy Bustillo RN USRN CRCP
DOROTHY JOHNSON
IMOGENE KING
BETTY NEUMAN
NURSING THEORIES
DOROTHEA OREM
PAGE 1
IDA JEAN ORLANDO
C. INTERPERSONAL THEORIES
D. CLIENT-CENTERED THEORIES
___________________________________
LOCALIZED ADAPTATION SYNDROME
GENERALIZED ADAPTATION SYNDROME
“Commit to the Lord whatever you do and your plans will succeed’ Prov. 16:3 FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSINGMs. Christy Bustillo RN USRN CRCP
JEAN WATSON
LYDIA HALL
MADELEINE LEININGERHILDEGARD PEPLAU
FAYE GLEN ABDELLAH MYRA LEVINE
NOLA PENDER
PAGE 2
II. STRESS AND COPING
FIRST TIER: STANDARD PRECAUTION SECOND TIER: TRANSMISSION-BASED PRECAUTION
Guidelines: HANDWASHING GLOVES GOWN GOGGLES
Diseases:
H-A-L-L-
P-A-T-I-E-N-T-
O X Y G E N A T I O N
“Commit to the Lord whatever you do and your plans will succeed’ Prov. 16:3 FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSINGMs. Christy Bustillo RN USRN CRCP
PAGE 3III. INFECTION CONTROL
IV. FUNDAMENTAL HUMAN NEEDS
SUCTIONING
GUIDELINES DISORDERSAIRBORNE M-
T-V-HZ-
DROPLET D-R-O-p-L-E-T-I-S-M-
CONTACT C-R-I-B-M-V-H-
ENTERIC
SUCTIONIN
“Commit to the Lord whatever you do and your plans will succeed’ Prov. 16:3 FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSINGMs. Christy Bustillo RN USRN CRCP
PAGE 4
Tracheobronchial Secretions
ENDOTRACHEAL TUBE TRACHEOSTOMY TUBE TRACHEOSTOMY CARE
OXYGEN THERAPY
CHEST PHYSIOTHERAPYPercussion Vibration Postural Drainage
CHEST PHYSIOTHERAPY CHEST DRAINAGE SYSTEM
ABG INTERPRETATION
Test: _______________________
RESPIRATORY METABOLIC
ACIDOSIS
ALKALOSIS PAGE 5
Normal Values:Ph PaCO2
mmHg
HCO3 mEq/L
paO2 mmHg
SaO2 %
N U T R I T I O NMACRONUTRIENTS - Carbohydrates/ Protein/ Fats
Diet Indication Purpose Limit Encourage
LOW PROTEINMeat, eggs, milk products
Carbohydrates and supplement with amino acids.
HIGH PROTEIN Meat, fish, dairy products.
LOW CHOLESTEROL
Fried food, egg yolk, shellfish, liver, pork.
Broiled or steamed food, fruits, vegetables, chicken meat, vegetable oils.
LOW FAT DIET
Fatty meat, gravy, cream, chocolate, nuts.
Vegetable, fruits, lean meats, fish.
BALANCED DIET
Principle: All meals should contain all three main groups. Avoid skipping or delaying meals. Frequent, small meals are better.
**Bland Diet Hot spices, raw foods. Milk, butter, eggs, white bread, broiled potatoes.
MICRONUTRIENTS - Vitamins & Minerals“FAT-SOLUBLE VITAMINS”
VITAMINS DEFICIENCY FOOD SOURCESA Liver, egg yolk, carrots
D Milk, sunshineE Vegetable oilsK Liver, egg yolk, green leafy vegetables
“WATER-SOLUBLE VITAMINS”VITAMINS DEFICIENCY FOOD SOURCES
C Citrus fruits
B1 (Thiamine) Liver, meat
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B2 (RIBOFLAVIN0 Liver, meat
B3 (NIACIN) Liver, meat
B6 (PYRIDOXINE) Rice, wheat
B9 (FOLIC ACID) Green Leafy vegetables
B12 (CYANOCOBALAMIN) Liver, meat
NASOGASTRIC TUBE
B O W E L E L I M I N A T I O N
ENEMA
NON-RETENTION
RETENTION
SOLUTION USEDHEIGHT
TEMPERATURE
TIME OF RETENTION
CARE OF THE CLIENTS WITH STOMA
U R I N A R Y E L I M I N A T I O N
URINARY INCONTINENCE URINARY RETENTION CONTINUOUS BLADDER IRRIGATION
Stress: CATHETERIZATION
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Urge:
Mixed:
Overflow:
Functional:
B O D Y F L U I D S
TONICITY OF INTRAVENOUS SOLUTIONS
HYPOTONIC ISOTONIC HYPERTONIC
FLUID IMBALANCES
FLUID VOLUME DEFICIT FLUID VOLUME EXCESS
E L E C T R O L Y T E SCATIONS (+) ANIONS (-)
Sodium (Na) mEq/L
Potassium (K) mEq/L
Calcium (Ca) mg/dl
Magnesium (Mg) mg/Dl
Phosphate (P04) mg/Dl
Chloride (Cl) mmOL/L
Bicarbonate (HCO3)
SODIUM Food sources:
HYPONATREMIA HYPERNATREMIA
V. FLUIDS AND ELECTROLYTES
PAGE 8
POTASSIUMFood Sources:
HYPOKALEMIA HYPERKALEMIA
CNS
GITMUSCLES Skeletal: Smooth:MGT
CNS
GITMUSCLES Skeletal: Smooth:MGT
CALCIUMFood sources:
HYPOCALCEMIA HYPERCALCEMIA
GERIATRIC NURSING OVERVIEW
Dev’t Task:________________________________A.Cognitive decline: ______________________B.___ Visual acuity: ________________________C.___Hearing: _____________________________D.___Lung Residual volume: ________________E.___Clotting: ______________________________
F.COLOR difficult to be distinguished: _______G.Bone deminiralization:____________________H.____ Gastric enzymes: ___________________I. ____ BLADDER CAPACITY: _________________J. ____ GFR: ________________________________K. ____ NO. of TASTE BUDS
PARENTERAL MEDICATIONS
Injection Route Best Site Angle Gauge
(needle)Intradermal (ID) G 25-27
VI. GERIATRIC NURSING
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VII. MEDICATIONS
Subcutaneous (SQ)
G 23-25
Intramuscular (IM)
G 20-22
Intravenous (IV) VARIES
Z TRACK METHOD
INTRAVENOUS FLUIDS
Complications of IV Infusion (CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC drugs
NON-VESICANT VESICANT
BLOOD TRANSFUSION
FRESH WHOLE BLOOD/PACKED RBC
PLATELET & FRESH FROZEN
PLASMA
PRE:
INTRA:
POST:
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VIII. PRINCIPLES OF DEATH & DYING (POST MORTEM CARE)