fundamentals of fiber to the office (ftto) - bicsi of fiber to the office (ftto) p.r.rajendranath,...
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Fundamentals of Fiber To The Office (FTTO)
P.R.Rajendranath, RCDD, OSP, CT, DCETopnet Distribution, Dubai
Dirk Herppich, Dipl.‐Ing.Microsens, Germany
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Agenda
• Introduction of FTTO• Design Guidelines• Installation Practices – Hardware & Configuration
• Management of FTTO’s• Q&A
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Introduction
• HistoryFTTO Technology emerged in Germany at the start of the 1980s when fiber based connectivity was extensively explored and meet the following,‐ Ethernet based‐ Long Life Cycle‐ Redundancy‐ Security‐ Improved energy efficiency‐ Low maintenance‐ Less network hierarchy
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Introduction
• FTTO (Fiber To The Office) is a future‐proof networking infrastructure for modern office environments
• A cost effective cabling infrastructure for modern office environments
• FTTO is a standards compliant and decentralized cabling concept
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Introduction
• Highly efficient fiber optic technology with the flexibility of twisted pair cabling
• Networking infrastructure that offers flexibility, protects investments and reduces life cycle costs.
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Fiber Optic Technology
• Fiber optic technology being the most future‐proof cabling technology currently available, its economic benefits are widely accepted, and used particularly in generic office environments, such as commercially‐used buildings.
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Current Scenario
• In Local Area Networks (LANs), optical fiber is normally used for backbone cabling.
• Multi‐fiber multimode (OM3/OM4) or single‐mode fiber cables are used in backbone.
• For horizontal cabling for the individual floors, fiber optic cabling is quite rare, only copper cabling is used.
• Following a short boom at the end of the 90s, things have become very quiet again around Fiber to the Office (FTTO) and Fiber to the Desk (FTTD) solutions.
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Long distances possible > 100 km
Almost unlimited bandwidth
Low space requirements
Longer Life time
No EMC issues and grounding problems
Higher Security (tapping)
Fiber optic cable less expensive than copper
Environmental friendly (green building)
Advantages of Fiber Optics
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Physical Conditions Demand Fiber
For a large number of applications copper cabling cannot be used
–Physical restrictions • airports with extremely long cable routes• historically protected buildings need thinner cables and smaller pathways
– Electro‐magnetic considerations • e.g. industrial, hospitals
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FTTO Reduces Cost
Others
Installation & termination
Passive Infrastructure (Fiber)
Passive Infrastructure (Copper)LAN Systems (active)
SCN –Copper
SCN –FTTO
FTTO Makes Gigabit Ethernet Cost-Effective for medium to large IT-Infrastructures• CAPEX (Capital expenditure)• OPEX (Operational
expenditure)• Flexibility
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FTTO Green and Sustainable
SCN –Copper
SCN –FTTO
Energy Consumption / Costs
Typical > 200 ports
• FTTO saves up to 70% in energy costs
• FTTO is the greenest network solution• No need for energy hungry floor
distribution rooms– Less power consumed – Less active equipment also means less
CO2-Footprint and less impact on the environment
– Less technical rooms also means more useable area
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Fiber Requires Less Energy
Due to fibre physics, less energy is required to transport data over fibre.
– Fibre transmission can halve energy requirements in comparison with traditional copper cabling solutions.
– Fibre optic cables can carry signals with much less energy loss than copper cable as copper wires lose signal energy as heat (P=I2R) due to their resistance.
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FTTO Consumes Low Power
0.5‐1 W/port
3‐4 W/port
Micro FTTO switch consumes low power, i.e. 0.5 – 1 W per port for data transmission
– as against 3-4 W per port for traditional rack mounted switches
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FTTO is Energy Efficient
FTTO micro-switches support “Eco-Mode” and Energy Efficient Ethernet (IEEE 802.3az)
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Copper Structured Cabling Network
Strict length limitation (max. 90 m)
Floor distribution required
Additional energy consumption for air conditioning / UPS
For each end device one central switch port is required
Huge bundles of cabling (fire load / EMC)
Technology change requires complete change of horizontal cabling
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Fiber To The Office
No length limitation
Gain more usable space – no floor distribution required
4 end devices share one central switch port
Up to 75% reduced cabling volume
At technology change the cabling can remain unchanged
Technical advantages of fibre
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Cost Effectiveness
“Cost comparison of the FTTO‐concept with a standard structured cabling with floor distribution“•WIK = Wissenschaftliches Institutfür Kommunikationsdienste
•Founded by the ministry of economy andtechnology (BMWi)
•Analyses and evaluates the concept in terms ofbusiness and political economical aspects
•Main competence is the development of detailed cost models for different network architectures.
The comparison shows clearly the advantagesof the FTTO concept. Both, technology andeconomical wise fiber networks are the betterchoice. WIK‐Consults proves this with anexpertise and recommends clearly the useof fiber networks.
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Cost Effectiveness
Number of workplaces 220 220 1040 1040
New building
Old building
Newbuilding
Oldbuilding
Costs of installation and operation after 10 years
Copper 429,860 € 437,294 € 1,668,005 € 1,731,980 €
FTTO 309,129 € 309,129 € 1,106,685 € 1,106,685 €
Related difference 28% 29% 34% 36%
Yearly costs per work place
Copper 265 € 270 € 218 € 226 €
FTTO 191 € 191 € 145 € 145 €
Related difference 28% 29% 34% 36%
– The total costs (first installation, operation, planned replacements) of the copper architecture are in all scenarios higher than the FTTO solution and the cost advantage increases if you increase the distances, the number of floors or the number of workspaces.
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FTTO Concept
Standards‐compliant, decentralized networking concept
Combination of the advantages of fiber optics and copper cabling in an intelligent way
Standard interfaces (TP) at the workplace
One central building wiring closet for better scalability, migration, and redundancy
Investment protection and reliable planning due to long‐term periods of use
Low cable volume, no floor distribution units, reduction of investment and operational costs
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• In classic structured cabling system, the horizontal cabling on each floor consists of copper cables linking the data ports in the offices to decentralisedEthernet switches located on each floor
Copper Structured Cabling System
Standard Phone
Standard Phone
PC
Printer
Notebook
PC
Wireless AP
Data
Voice
Wall Outlets
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• The FTTO Concept implements fiber optic cables for the horizontal floor cabling, allowing the end users to connect their equipment directly up to copper Ethernet ports via 4‐port fiber micro switches / installation switches (Fast Ethernet or 1 Gb) located in the work areas.
FTTO Concept
Notebook
Printer
PC
Phone
Installation Switch
Data & Voice
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Central Switch
FTTO Concept
Central Switch
FTTO Switch
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FTTO Sub Systems
Work Area
• The horizontal cable can be terminated with a splice on connector or field connectors
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FTTO Sub Systems
Horizontal Cables
For the horizontal links either Single Mode or Multi Mode cables can be used.
Preferably 2 core
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FTTO Sub Systems
Backbone Cables
• For the backbone links, use higher count tight buffered cables
• Strands depends on the number of FTTO switches
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FTTO Sub Systems
Backbone Hardware
Wall mount splice enclosures are used to join the backbone and horizontal cables.
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Easy installation and operation
Compact dimensions, Universal 45x45 Design
Universal Snap‐In mounting into
Cable trunks, sub‐floor boxes, wall boxes
In wall
Desktop (Desktop box, laboratory unit)
Distribution racks (DIN‐rails)
Simple configuration and monitoring vianetwork management
Micro Switch / Installation Switch
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FTTO Switch
Optimised compact and fanless design Full Gigabit Ethernet Performance on all ports 1x 1000Base‐X fiber uplink 4x 10/100/1000Base‐T Twisted Pair RJ‐45 ports 1x 10/100/1000Base‐T Twisted Pair RJ‐45 downlink (optional)
Power‐over‐Ethernet functionality on all RJ‐45 ports Integrated network management
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Power Supply
•AC power supply (decentral) Local AC/DC power supply 230V AC to 54V DC, 65W
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Power Supply
•iDC Power Supply (central) Central AC/DC power supply Protection with UPS possible Voltage drop to be considered
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Power Supply
Power Design Tool Calculating cable length and diameter
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Redunduncy
Dual SFP Uplink• Provides 2 slots for fiber uplink
• Downlink is removed
• Former Downlink port is used as Expansion Port (Terminal)
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FTTO – Dual SFP
Data Center BData Center A
Micro Switch G6Dual SFP Uplink
Dual SFP Uplink ‐ Redundant Data Center
•Service is more critical than individual user•Maximum network service availability•Minimized downtime
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FTTO – Dual SFP
Micro Switch G6Dual SFP Uplink
Micro Switch G6Dual SFP Uplink
Micro Switch G6Dual SFP Uplink
Dual SFP Uplink – Redundant Ring Structure
•Simplified network topology•Easy to install, easy to expand•Ring provides failure tolerance
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FTTO – Dual SFP
Patch Panel
Micro Switch G6Dual SFP Uplink
Micro Switch G6Dual SFP Uplink
Micro Switch G6Dual SFP Uplink
Dual SFP Uplink –Ring structure with star topology
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FTTO – Ring Cabling
FTTO TopologyRing Structure•Ring structure for horizontal cabling•Ring structure for vertical cabling•Combination of PLM and Micro Switches•Simplified installation and expansion•Minimized cabling efforts
Profi LineModular
Profi LineModular
Profi LineModular
Micro Switch G 6Dual SFP Uplink
Micro Switch G 6Dual SFP Uplink
Micro Switch G 6Dual SFP Uplink
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FTTO Expansion
Downlink Port
DownlinkPortsEnergyEfficientEthernetPoE+ (max. 30 W)
• For cascading up to 3 FTTO switches
• For locations where more than 4 ports are required
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Cabling Requirement
• Usable space / floor ‐ 1,200 m2
• Number of floors ‐ 6• Total usable space ‐ 7,200 m2
• Number of work areas ‐ 720 • Work areas / floor ‐ 120• I/O per floor ‐ 120 dual
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Copper Structured Cabling Information Outlets 1,440 Cat6 Patch Cords ‐ I/O 1,440 Cat6 Horizontal Cable (m) 72,000 Cat6 Patch Panel (24 port) 60 Cat6 Patch Cords ‐ TR 1,440 24‐port access switch 60 FO Patch Panel (6‐fiber) 5 FO Patch Panel (48‐fiber) 1 FO Patch Cords 126‐core FO cable (m) 150 42U Racks for Telecom Rooms 5 42U Racks for Equipment Room 4 Telecom Rooms 5 Equipment Room 1 Core Switch ports 60
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FTTO Bill of Material
FTTO switch (4‐port) 360 Cat6 Patch Cords ‐ I/O 1,440 2‐core FO cable Horizontal (m) 18,000 FO termination box 360 FO Patch Cords (FTTO) 360 Splice enclosures 6 FO Patch Cords (ER) 360
FO Patch Panel (72‐fiber) 12 72‐core FO cable (m) 300 42U Racks for Equipment Room 4 Equipment Room 1 Core Switch ports 360
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Copper and FTTO Bill of MaterialItem Copper FTTO
Information Outlets 1,440 FTTO switch (4‐port) 360 Cat6 Patch Cords ‐ I/O 1,440 1,440Cat6 Horizontal Cable (m) 72,000 2‐core FO cable Horizontal 18,000 FO termination 360 Cat6 Patch Panel (24 port) 60 Cat6 Patch Cords ‐ TR 1,440 24‐port access switch 60 FO Patch Panel (6‐port) 5 FO Patch Panel (48‐port) 1 FO Patch Panel (72‐fiber) 12 6‐core FO cable (m) 150 72‐core FO cable (m) 300 FO Patch Cords 12 360 42U Racks for Telecom Rooms 5 Splice enclosures 6 42U Racks for Equipment Room 4 4
Telecom Rooms 5
Equipment Room 1 1Core Switch ports 60 360
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Design Advantages of FTTO Solution
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Saving Space on Telecom Rooms
Only 2 per floor(optional)
FTTO COPPER
• Saving on premium space• Reduced operations cost (Cooling, Power, maintenance, access control, fire safety)
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Cable Trunking and Laying
2 core FO cable is only 4 mm diaand one cable for 4 users
Cat6A or Cat7 cable is 7 – 8 mm diaand 4 cables for 4 users
• Saving on cable trunking• Reduced installationcost
FTTO COPPER
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Core and Access Switches
Only 3 core switches
60 nos. 24-port Gigabit switches with PoE and 1 Core switch
• Saving on hardware, space, power and cooling• Reduced maintenance and troubleshooting• Higher reliability and availability
FTTO COPPER
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Bandwidth per User
1Gb/s
1Gb/s
4 users share 1 GbE link24 users share 1 GbE link
FTTO offers higher bandwidth per user
FTTO COPPER
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Future Proof
All present and future datatransfer speeds will be supported
1
Gb/s1040100 ++
1
10 Gb/s
??
> 1 THz 500 MHz
FTTO is future proofed
Copper can not support morethan today’s 10 Gb/s
FTTO COPPER
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Life Cycle Cost
Fiber networks have alonger useable lifetimebecause fiber networkscan be upgraded withoutpulling new cable:increased data rates areimplemented bychanging the electronics.
In a copper cabling network,increased data rates havehistorically required thatusers change cables,connectors and electronics [Cat5e, Cat6, Cat6A].
FTTO offers lowest TCO
FTTO COPPER
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Costs
• Initial cost slightly less than copper
• Much less cost of space for only a few TRs
• Low operation cost• Low maintenance cost
• High initial cost for huge cabling, trunking and large quantity of hardware
• Huge cost for large number of TRs
• High operation cost• High maintenance cost
FTTO offers the least total cost of ownership
FTTO COPPER
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Availability
When an SFP or fiber uplinkfails only 4 users will beaffected
When an SFP or fiber uplink fails all 24 users will be affected
FTTO offers high availability
FTTO COPPER
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Reliability
FTTO is inherently morereliable because of itsresistance to electromagnetic interference (EMI), radio frequencyinterference (RFI) and crosstalk.
Copper cabling is highlysusceptible to EMI, RFI,crosstalk and return lossfailures.
FTTO is highly reliable, provides error‐free transfer
FTTO COPPER
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Weight and Pulling Tension
• Weighs only 21 kg/km• Max pulling loading 660 N
• Weighs 75 kg/km• Max pulling loading 100 N
Fiber is lighter and stronger
FTTO COPPER
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Cable Testing
Simplified testing, only afew parameters to betested :attenuation, polarity ,length and OTDR trace,On a much less numberof links 75% less than copper
Many parameters have tobe tested: length, wire map, return loss, Insertion loss, NEXT, PSELFEXT, delay skew. Even if one of them fails,the link will not work
FTTO is simpler to test and troubleshoot
FTTO COPPER
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Safety
Fiber is dielectric (non‐metallic), so completely safe and presents no spark or fire hazard.
Copper conductselectricity, can causedamages to equipment ifcarries unwantedcurrents.
Fiber provides maximum safety
FTTO COPPER
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Security
Fiber does not radiateany energy, so it isextremely difficult to tapinto it
Copper cable can betapped since it radiatesEMI
FTTO provides maximum security
FTTO COPPER
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Environmental
Due to its size andweight, fiber optic cableuses less than one fifth of jacket material used by copper cables.
Large volume of coppercables used have large amount of jacket and Insulation material, which poses an environmental hazard.
FTTO is environmental friendly
FTTO COPPER
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FTTO is Standard Compliant
• TIA/EIA 568C– Standardised as Fiber‐to‐the‐Enclosure (FTTE) – Centralized cabling – Singlemode cable can now be used in horizontal
• EN 50173– Recognized as collapsed backbone cabling
• ISO 11801– Recognized as FTTD and centralized optical architecture (COA)
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Association for FTTO
• A non-profit organization • Composed of ICT professionals, consultants,
manufacturers, distributors, systems integrators, and users of ICT infrastructure who are actively involved in applications of fiber optic for ICT network infrastructure
• To support the growth and education of FTTO for its use in the industry
• Members are focussed on promoting the adoption of FTTO for modern data network infrastructure in premise applications
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Why FTTO?
• Fiber optic technology is the most future‐proof cabling technology currently available– maximum achievable bandwidth – a range of other obvious advantages.
• Copper cabling is much less future‐proof from a long‐term perspective.
• Copper performance has its physical limitations and is clearly inferior to fiber optic networks.
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Why FTTO?
• FTTO concept offers cost benefits for large projects, such as airports or hospitals
• FTTO can also achieve obvious cost savings for smaller projects
• For some buildings, FTTO may be the only solution
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Installation Options
Floor Tank
Desktop BoxIn Wall
Distribution Rack
Wall Box
Pillar
Cable Trunk
TeLi-Tank
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Installation Accessories
Micro Switch in cable ductwith 45 mm track
Adapter plate + E2 Socketin OBO BETTERMANN GEK BR-Duct
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Installation Accessories
Insert switch
Apply cover frame
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Installation Accessories
Power supply installed with C-rail
Power supply installed with front-locking mounting in duct
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Installation Accessories
Power supply installed in a standard socket
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Installation Accessories
• Floor service box installation
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Installation Accessories
• Floor service box installation
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Installation Accessories
• Switch with cover installed in an hollow wall socket
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References
Dubai International Airport, UAEConcourse A
Dubai International Airport, UAEConcourse D
AIRPORTS
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References
UNIVERSITIES
Munich University, Germany
College de l'oise, France
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References
HOSPITALS
Det Nye Universitetshospital, Denmark
Cannes Hospital, France
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Hardware Platform
•Hardware PlatformLatest Ethernet switch technology
Energy Efficient Ethernet (energy savings for copper ports) QoS – 4 Hardware Queues pro Port 256 VLANs
Power‐over‐Ethernet Plus (802.3at) on all copper ports (max. 30W per end device)Memory card for firmware and configuration (optional)Solid, shielded metal housing, clear structure of ports and displaysMounting in standard 45mm double frameHorizontal and vertical versions for cable ducts, columns and sub‐floor boxes
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Switch Features
Uplink PortSFP/ Fixed/RJ-45 (PD)
Power54VDC/230VAC
Expansion PortTerminal
Local PortsEnergy Efficient EthernetPoE+ (max. 30 W)
Reset ButtonReset/Factory Defaut
Labelling FieldIntegrated
6GENERATION
LED DisplaySwitch/Port/PoE Status
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Switch Features(Contd.)
Downlink PortsEnergy Efficient EthernetPoE+ (max. 30 W)
Memory CardConfiguration Storage(optional with G6+)Chamfer EdgeSimplified Installation
6GENERATION
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Versions
Horizontal Mounting(Reference)- Cable ducts- Floor-boxes
Vertical Mounting- Cable ducts- Columns- Floor-boxes
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Quality of Service
Port
Queue 3 - highest
Sch
edul
er
Cla
ssifi
er
Port
Strict
Weighted
Queue 0 - lowest
4 Priority levels4 queues per port
2 WeightingsStrict = Higher priority firstWeighted = queues weighted 8:4:2:1
Prioritization
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Quality of Service
Port 2:Normal datalow priority
Port based prioritizationLayer 1: Hardware
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Quality of Service
VoIP applicationhigh priority
Data applicationlow priority
Layer 2: IEEE 802.1p/Q (VLAN Tag)
Layer 3: DiffServ Codepoint (IP Header)
Protocol based prioritization
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Enterprise Networks
PC
PC
MicroSwitch
VoIPphone
VoIPphone
VLAN Filtering (IEEE 802.1p/Q)
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Enterprise Networks
VLAN ModesAccessOutgoing frames are sent untagged. Incoming frames receive the port’s default VLAN ID (PVID). This port mode is normally used for connecting end devices.
HybridOutgoing frames are sent tagged, except the frames of the default VLAN port. Incoming frames from the default port VLAN are expected to be untagged, frames from other VLANs are always expected to be tagged. This mode is normally used to connect a VoIP phone and a PC to share one port. In this setup the phone communicates tagged and the PC untagged.
TrunkOutgoing frames are always sent tagged. Incoming frames are expected to be received tagged. Incoming frames without a VLAN tag are processed using the port’s default VLAN ID (PVID). This mode is normally used as an inter-switch connection.
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Enterprise NetworksPort VLANs
Egress packetsVLAN Tag is removed
Insert/removal of port VLAN ID/priorityProcessing of tagged/untagged packets (hybrid ports)
Ingress packets without tagPort VLAN tag is inserted
Ingress packets with tagVLAN tag remains unchanged
Trunk portVLAN tag remains unchanged
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Smart Lighting/Office
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Smart Lighting/Office
Smart LightingSmart Lighting Smart OfficeSmart Office
• Light • GUI• Light switch
• Light • GUI• Light switch
• Public address• Intercom• Window blinds• Heating control• Wall thermostat• Air conditioning
• Public address• Intercom• Window blinds• Heating control• Wall thermostat• Air conditioning
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Smart Sensor
Presence Intensity Temperature
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Smart Lighting Controller
1 Controller for each light
• Powered via PoE+ • Input RJ‐45 (Ethernet)• Sensor input RJ‐45
• Output to light Phoenix contacts on the device back side
• Power output approx. 25 W
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Micro Access Point
Extension Modulefor the Micro Switch G6
3 functions in one device:
• WLAN Access Point (802.11b/g/n)• Smart I/O (2x In Optokop./2x Out 230 VAC)• Wireless Gateway (868 MHz)
• Own Firmware based on OpenWRT (Linux)• Integrated FHEM Server as EQ3 Gateway• PoE power supply via Micro Switch• Configuration via Micro Switch firmware
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LED Lights
Requirements for LED lights:
‐ max. 54 V DC‐ Power consumption approx. 30 W
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Construction
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Construction
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Construction
DCAC
PE L N
NC+ +- -
Power Supp ly240 W
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Construction
DCAC
PE L N
NC+ +- -
Power Supp ly240 W
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Construction
DCAC
PE L N
NC+ +- -
Pow er Supp ly240 W
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Construction
DCAC
PE L N
NC+ +- -
Pow er Supp ly240 W
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Construction
DCAC
PE L N
NC+ +- -
Pow er Supp ly240 W
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System Overview
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Smart Office Showroom
LED ceiling panel
LED Downlight
Air conditioning
Roller Shutter
Micro SwitchMicro Access Point
VoIP Telefon
Smart Lighting Sensor
Smart Audio System
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Smart Lighting Director – Decentral Control from the switch
LED ceiling panel
Smart Lighting Sensor
Smart Office Director App
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Benefits Smart Lighting
• Open, decentral and IP based system• Roll‐Out office after office• Integration into a virtual central control system• Individual control by user• Apps on the Smart Director• High security with SNMP v3, etc. (compared to e.g. KNX)
• Simple planning• Reduced fire load in the building• Due to less cable more space in cable ducts• Reduced installation costs (quicker and less qualified persons)
• Energy savings up to 80%• Monitoring of the real power consumption at each controller• Extreme reduction of maintenance cycles by use of LEDs > 50000 h• Possibility for premaintenance• Detection of faulty lights from central management
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Central Management Software
NetworkManagement Platform
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Software Overview
Network Management Platform
FTTO IndustrialEthernet
AccessMetro
Strategic Product Groups
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NMP Server
General facts• Based on Java language• Available for Windows and Linux• 32 and 64 Bit versions available• Three different versions available
• nmp standard• nmp professional• nmp server
• License key required• Unlimited number of devices
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Overview of Licensing Models1 Redundant Server per LicenseUnlimited Number of User-Stations per SW-License and Enterprise
•NMP Standard
• Common Feature Set (Standard, Professional, Server)
Auto Discovery, Element Manager, Flexible Device Tree, Backup/Restore of Switch Configuration
NMP Server
• Multi User, Shared Database
• Server Redundancy• Northbound Interface for Data
Retrieval
• Single User/Single Station,Non‐Shared Database
NMP Professional
• Single User/Single Station, Non‐Shared Database
Common Feature Set (Professional, Server)• Topology Manager• Inventory List Generator • Device Search Tool• VLAN Change Tool• Link monitoring
• Task Scheduler • E‐Mail notifications • Automatic alarm list generation • Switch Password Changer • RMA Tool
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Element Manager
Device List Tree
Device/Group/ChannelDetailed View
Device Graphical View
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Feature Update
NetworkManagement Platform
Server 2010
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NMP Standard
• Multi User, but• Decentralized• All data local
• Inconsistency in• Data storage• Data backup• User Management• Access Control
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NMP Server
• Central Server• Data consistence• SQL Database• Central backup
• User Management• Access control
• Client Options• Web browser
– OS independent– No local application
• NMP Client
– Full functionality– Syncronisation to server
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NMP ServerMotivation/BenefitsCentralized management platform
+ Single point of administration
• Dedicated user/access management+ Full control over network access+ Extended logging functionality
• Central database+ Simplified data protection/backup
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