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Fundamentals of Computer

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Computer Is a machine w/c manipulates data according to a list of instructions which makes it an ideal example of a data processing system.

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Advantage Searching of information Online business and easy transaction Instant communication Strong vast amounts of information's Fast development of technology of all kinds

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Disadvantages Leads exposure of sensitive information to kids Wastes of time and distraction Greater complexity of life Generates lots of extra work Some people think that we are deskilled

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OH and S (Occupational Health and safety 1. Observed ESD (Electro static Discharge) always use anti-static wrist strap. 2. Document Everything. 3. Switch off Computer. 4. Remove the cables from the back of the case. 5. Be sure to have a container to keep the screws. 6. Place all components when remove in anti static bags or anti static mat.

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7. Make sure you have all the tools, resource, materials, drivers or software that you need. 8. Do a system back up. 9. Use common sense.

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ESD The transfer of an electrostatic discharge. Charges of two bodies. Two objects of different potentials came into direct contact. Is one of the few things an individual can do to damage or destroying his/her computer or hardware components. Makes components no longer work properly.

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Tools for anti static or ESD Anti static Bag for storage of devices on preventing electrostatic.

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Antistatic Mat A mat on which you can stand while repairing a computer or adding expansion card. The mat absorbs static electricity which might otherwise damage electronic components

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ESD Wrist strap A safety device used to channel static electricity to a proper ground while handling sensitive computer equipment. (ESD) damage occurs when a release of stored static electricity travels from something such as a person's body into a conductor of a different potential, such as a computer being repaired. The ESD wrist strap safely channels the static electricity to a proper ground, typically the computer's chassis.

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ESD Gloves/Conductive Gloves - are made of 13 ga Polyester and Silver composite fiber. These conductive gloves offer superior conductivity of 10 4 and has 1 ohms drop from the finger tip to wrist. They are moisture resistant while offering static free performance. These gloves are ambidextrous which allows flexibility and reduces fatigue and are washable

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Prevent ESD 1. Zero Potential make sure you and the computer must be equally zero. 2. Standing sitting have more generated ES. 3. Cords make sure everything is remove of the back of the computer (mouse, keyboard, power chord, etc.). 4. Dont wear any clothing that conducts a lot of electrical charge. Such as wool sweater. 5. Weather electrical storms 6. Accessories removed all jewelry.

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7. Housekeeping observed proper house keeping.

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Classes of computers Analog is a form of computer that uses continuous physical Phenomenon such as electrical, mechanical, or hydraulic quantities to model the problem being solve. Calculator more in numbers, inter active problem solving but limited. Mathematical calculation. Embedded is a special purpose computer system designed to perform one or a few dedicated functions, often with real time computing constraints.

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Desktop is a personal computer in a form intended for regular use at a single location, as opposed to a mobile laptop or portable computer. Laptop is a personal computer designed for mobile use. PDAs Personal Digital Assistant, a hand held computer. Known as PALM TOP Computer. SERVER centralized all computer s, also a computer program that provides service. SUPER-Computer - a computer that is at a frontline of current processing unit.

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Tablet PC equipped w/touch screen using stylus to input. Is a laptop-state-shaped mobile. Workstation high-end micro computer designed for technical or scientific application. Commonly connected to LAN. Portable Data Entry Terminals use to captured or record data away from the mainframe computer that they are linked to card reader, scanners.

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Classification of Devices Input Devices any devices or peripherals that gives data/signal. Output Devices - any devices or peripherals that display or execute data/signals. Storage Devices

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Input devices I. KEYBOARD is the primary device in inputting.

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Types of Keyboard AT Keyboard - The AT keyboard was a keyboard with 84 keys introduced with the IBM PC/AT computer. It succeeded the 83-key PC/XT keyboard and therefore did not have many of the features seen on modern keyboards such as inverted-T arrow Keys and dual ctrl and alt keys. It was later replaced with the 101-key Enhanced key board. It has 5 pin mini-DIN.

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Pin 1 KBDCLK (clock) Pin 2 KBDAT (data) Pin 3 KBRST (reset, not used) Pin 4 GND Pin 5 VCC (+5v) DIN (Deutsche Industrial Normale)

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PS/2 Personal Computer 2, a common keyboard. Pin 1 (+) keyboard data Pin 2 Unused Pin 3 Ground Pin 4 Volts Pin 5 Clock Pin 6 Unused

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USB keyboard Pin 1 (+)5vType AType B Pin 2 (-) data Pin 3 (+) data Pin 4 Ground

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Infrared/IR Keyboard short range exchange of data over infrared light. Bluetooth Keyboard wireless device to move cursor or pointer.

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II. Mouse pointing device to move cursor or pointer, serial mouse. Types 1. Optical 2. TrackBall 3. Mechanical rubber or metal ball on its sides 4. Optomechanical Gunks use to detect the motion

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Optical mouse Track ball mouse

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Mechanical mouse

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Opto Mechanical

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III. Images Scanners converts any images into electronic form. type: - flat bed - hand held IV. Digital Camera stores images digitally VI. PEN or Stylus electronic gadget by writing or pointing on a special pad (graphic tablet) or directly on a screen. VII. Joysticks/Stirring Wheel or Gamepad VIII. Touch Screen

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IX. Touch Pad graphic tablet that translate each position on the tablet to specific location on the screen. X. Bar code Reader detects bars and converts into numerical digits. XI. Card Reader reads information that has been magnetically encoded. (punch card reader)

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Output Devices I. Monitor peripheral device w/c is capable of showing a soft copy or video output to the user. Types: 1. CRT cathode ray tube 2. LCD liquid Crystal Display 3. LCD TV is an LCD with video graphics array II. Printer peripheral device that produces a hard copy

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Modern Printer Toner Base Printer printer using xerographic principle, and its printer medium is compose of fused heat and pressure. Laser printer and LED printer is a toner base printer Ink Jet printer variably-sized droplets of liquid or molten material (INK) into almost any sized page. And it is using a cartridge.

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Advantages of modern printer Quieter in operation Point finer Smooth details through high point head resolution Many consumer inkjets w/photographic quality printing are widely available.

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Disadvantages Ink expensive Many intelligent ink cartridges contain a microchip that communicates the estimated ink level to the printer. Care must be taken w/inkjet- pointed documents. Has a very narrow inkjet nozzle are prone to clogging

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III. Speaker converts electrical energy to mechanical/acoustical energy. IV. LCD projector a video projector use to display videos or a flat surface. VI. Headphones - are a pair of small loudspeaker which are designed to be held in place close to a user's ears. Headphones have wires which allow them to be connected to a signal source such as an audio amplifier, radio, CD player, or portable media player. They are also known as stereophones or, colloquially, cans. The in-ear versions are known as earphones or earbuds. In the context of telecommunications, the term headset is used to describe a combination of headphone and microphone.

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Storage Devices Floppy disk a magnetic storage, invented by IBM in 1971. ZIP Drive Hard Disc Drive - a magnetic disk (Magnetic Aluminum Magnesium Alloy) Parts: Disk Platter R/W head move across the platter in Unison Head actuator mechanism holds the R/W head and moves the R/W head

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Spindle Motor - spins the platter logic Board contains all the electronic part Cables and connectors Configuration items (such as jumpers or switches) Interface of a HDD SATA Serial Advance Tech Attachment IDE Integrated Drive Electronics ESDI Enhanced Small Disk Interface SCSI Small Computer System Interface EIDE Enhanced Integrated Drive electronics

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SATA

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IDE 40 PINS can be used 80 pins

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SCSI 68 pin