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PRESENTATAION ON FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS AND DUTIES: PRESENTED BY: Shivam gupta roll no.03 Sourabh modgil Roll no.44 5th Sem. MBA-5 YEAR

What Is Constitution:Supreme law ofIndia.Longest written constitution of any sovereign country in the world, containing 448articles in 25 parts, 12 schedules and 97 amendments. Besides the English version, there is an official Hindi translation.B. R. Ambedkaris the Chief Architect of Indian Constitution.

Continue..Constitution was enacted by theConstituent Assemblyon 26 November 1949, and came into effect on 26 January 1950.Date 26 January was chosen to commemorate thePurna Swaraj declaration of independenceof 1930.It declares India to be a sovereign, socialist, secular,democraticrepublic, assuring its citizens ofjustice,equality, andliberty, and endeavours to promotefraternity among them.Introduction:Defined as the basichuman rights of all citizens. Defined in Part III of the Constitution, apply irrespective of race, place of birth, religion,caste, creed or gender. According to the constitution, every citizen has certain rights, known as the Fundamental Rights of a citizen, and the constitution guarantees every citizen of those.

History:Constitution was formed on the 26th of November in 1949 by the Constituent Assembly and came into force on the 26th of January 1950.Fundamental Duties of the citizens of India mentioned in Article 51A of the Indian Constitution.By the 42nd Amendment of the Constitution, adopted in 1976, Fundamental Duties of the citizens have also been enumerated.Development of constitutional rights in India was inspired by historical documents such asEngland's Bill of Rights, theUnited States Bill of RightsandFrance's Declaration of the Rights of Man.Fundamental Rights:The Right to Equality.Right to FreedomRight against ExploitationRight to Freedom of ReligionCultural and Educational RightsRight to Constitutional RemediesFundamental Duties:To abide by the Constitution and respect the ideals and Institutions.To respect the National Flag and the National Anthem.To realize and follow the essential ideals of secularism, democracy and non-violence.To preserve the culture and heritage.To protect the Sovereignty, Unity and Integrity of the nation.To safeguard the public property.To defend the country even at the cost of our life.To protect natural resources.To avoid Dowry, Gambling, and other Social evils.To strive towards excellence in the respective spheres of activities of the individuals.

Borrowed Features of constitution from different countries:

From U.K.-Nominal Head President (like Queen)Cabinet System of MinistersPost of PMParliamentary Type of Govt.Bicameral ParliamentLower House more powerfulCouncil of Ministers responsible to Lower HouseSpeaker in Lok Sabha.From U.S.:Written Constitution.Executive head of state known as President and his being the Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces.Vice- President as the ex-officio Chairman of Rajya Sabha.Fundamental Rights.Supreme Court.Provision of States.Independence of Judiciary and judicial review.Preamble.Removal of Supreme court and High court Judges. From USSR :Fundamental Duties.Five year Plan.

From AUSTRALIA:Concurrent list.Language of the preamble.Provision regarding trade, commerce and intercourse.

From WEIMAR CONSTITUION OF GERMANY:Suspension of Fundamental Rights during the emergency.

From JAPAN:

.Provision regarding trade, commerce andintercourseFrom CANADA:Scheme of federation with a strong centreDistribution of powers between centre and the states and placing. Residuary Powers with the centre. From IRELAND:Concept of Directive Principles of States Policy(Ireland borrowed it from SPAIN).Method of election of President.Nomination of members in the Rajya Sabha by the President.

Fundamental Rights:Right to Equality:Article 14 :- Equality before law and equal protection of lawArticle 15 :- Prohibition of discrimination on grounds only of religion, race, caste, sex or place of birth.Article 16 :- Equality of opportunity in matters of public employmentArticle 17 :- End of untouchabilityArticle 18 :- Abolition of titles, Military and academic distinctions are, however, exemptRight to Freedom:Article 19 :- It guarantees the citizens of India the following six fundamentals freedoms:-Freedom of Speech and ExpressionFreedom of AssemblyFreedom of form AssociationsFreedom of MovementFreedom of Residence and SettlementFreedom of Profession, Occupation, Trade and Bussiness

Continue.Article 20 :- Protection in respect of conviction for offencesArticle 21 :- Protection of life and personal libertyArticle 22 :- Protection against arrest and detention in certain casesRight Against ExploitationArticle 23 :- Traffic in human beings prohibited.

Article 24 :- No child below the age of 14 can be employed.Right to freedom of Religion:Article 25 :- Freedom of conscience and free profession, practice and propagation of religionArticle 26 :- Freedom to manage religious affairsArticle 27 :- Prohibits taxes on religious groundsArticle 28 :- Freedom as to attendance at religious ceremonies in certain educational institutionsCultural and Educational Rights:Article 29 :- Protection of interests of minoritiesArticle 30 :- Right of minorities to establish and administer educational institutionsArticle 31 :- Omitted by the 44th Amendment ActRight to Constitutional Remedies:Article 32 :- The right to move the Supreme Court in case of their violation (called Soul and heart of the Constitution by BR Ambedkar)Forms of Writ checkHabeas Corpus :- Equality before law and equal protection of lawComparisons of Indian fundamental duties of India with other Nations:

Duties of citizens U.S.A:It shall be the duty of every citizen of the United States of America (a)to abide by the Constitution and respect its ideals and institutions, the National Flag and the National Anthem;(b) to cherish and follow the noble ideals which inspired our national struggle for freedom;(c) to uphold and protect the sovereignty, unity and integrity of the United States of America;(d) to defend the country and render national service when called upon to do so;Continue (e)to value and preserve the rich heritage of our composite culture;(f) to protect and improve the natural environment including forests, lakes, rivers and wild life, and to have compassion for living creatures;(g) to develop the scientific temper, humanism and the spirit of inquiry and reform;(h) to safeguard public property and to abjure violence;(i) to strive towards excellence in all spheres of individual and collective activity, so that the nation constantly rises to higher levels of endeavor and achievement.

Duties of citizen of CHINA :

To safeguard the unification of the country and the unity of all its nationalities; To abide by the Constitution and the law, keep State secrets, protect public property, observe labor discipline and public order and respect social ethics; To safeguard the security, honor and interests of the Peoples Republic of China; To defend the motherland, resist aggression, perform military service and join the militia in accordance with the law; To pay taxes in accordance with the law; To practice family planning.

Duties of citizen of North Korea:Citizens over the age of seventeen may exercise the right to vote and be elected to office regardless of gender, race, occupation, length of residency, property status, education, party affiliation, political views, and religion. Citizens in the armed forces may vote or to be elected; insane persons and those deprived by court decisions of the right to vote do not have the right to vote and be elected.

Continue..According to Article 67, citizens have freedom of speech, publication, assembly, demonstration, and association.Citizens also have the right to work, and Article 70 stipulates that they work according to their ability and are remunerated according to the quantity and quality of work performed.Article 71 provides for a system of working hours, holidays, paid leave, sanitoriums, and rest homes funded by the state, as well as for cultural facilities.