fundamental rights articles 12 - 35. article 12 state :- govt. & parliament of india govt. &...
DESCRIPTION
Article 13 Judicial Review:- All inconsistent laws will be voidTRANSCRIPT
FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS
ARTICLES 12 - 35
Article 12
• State :- Govt. & Parliament of IndiaGovt. & State legislatureLocal Authorities &Other Authorities under the
control of India
Article 13
• Judicial Review:-
All inconsistent laws will be void
Article 14
• Right to Equality:-
Equality before law&
Equal protection of the laws
Article 15
• Prohibition of discrimination
• Protective Discrimination
for women & children
Article 16
• Equality in public employment
• Protective discrimination
for Backward Classes
Articles 17 &18
• Abolition of Untouchability
• Abolition of Titles
Article 19 – Six Freedoms• Freedom of Speech & Expression• Assemble peaceably without arms• To form associations or unions
• To move freely through out the territory of India
• To reside & settle in any part of India
• To practice any profession or to carry out any occupation, trade or business
Article 19 - Clause 2 to 6• Security of the State
• Friendly Relationship with foreign states
• Public Order
• Decency
• Contempt of Court
• Defamation
• Incitement to an offence
Article 20 – Protection to Accused• No Ex Post Facto Laws
• Rule against Double Jeopardy
• Prohibition against Self Incrimination
Article 21 Protection of Life & Personal Liberty
• No one should be deprived of his life &
personal liberty except according to the
procedure established by law
Article 22 Protection against Arbitrary Arrest &
Detention
• Information of grounds of arrest
• Not to be detained for indefinite
period
• Opportunity for defence
Articles 23 & 24 Rights Against Exploitation
# Prohibition of Traffic in human beings & forced labor
# Prohibition of employment of children below 14 years of age in factories & other hazardous employment
Articles 25 to 28 Freedom of Religion
• Freedom of Conscience & Free Profession Practice & Propagation of Religion
Freedom to manage religious affairs
Freedom from payment of taxes
Religious instructions in educational institutions
Article 29 & 30 Cultural & Educational rights
• Protection of interests of minorities
• Establishment & Administration of Educational Institutions
Article 31
Saving of Certain Laws
Article 32 – Constitutional Remedies
• Writ Jurisdiction of Supreme Court
i) Habeas Corpus – you may produce the body
ii) Mandamus – we command
iii) Certiorari – call for the records
iv) Prohibition – you should not do
v) Quo Warranto – by what authority
Articles 33 to 35• Article 33
Right of parliament to modify rights
• Article 34Restriction of fundamental rights while martial law is in force
• Article 35Power to make further laws in favour of parliament
Indian Contract Act 1872
• Contract : - latin word contractum meaning drawn togetherSec 2(h)agreement enforceable at law
offer + acceptance = agreementagreement + enforceability at law
= contract
Essential Elements
Agreement Consensus ad idem
Capacity of parties
Free consent Consideration
Lawful object
Not declared to be void
Certainty & possibility of performance
Intention to create legal relationship