fundamental rights and big data - european parliament · fundamental rights and big data (big) data...
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Christian D’CunhaOffice of the European Data Protection Supervisor
European Parliament Committee on Civil Liberties, Justice and Home Affairs: Hearing Fundamental
Rights Implications of Big Data: Privacy, Data Protection, Non-Discrimination, Security and Law
EnforcementBrussels, 8 December 2016
Fundamental rights and big data
(Big) Data
• 2.5 quintillion bytes of data daily
• average visit to a single website results in over 50 instances of data collection
• concentration in digital markets: 55 big data m&a2008, 134 in 2012 (OECD 2014)
• EU citizen’s data worth $315 in 2011 (BCG)
• In 2013 90% of all data generated in the previous 2 years (Aureus Analytics)
• 4.8bn connected devices in 2015, 25bn by 2020
• Aim of predicting human behaviour and ‘establish new norms’ (Sandy Pentland, MIT)
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Consumers’ imbalance in the digital economy
• Lack of consumers’ ability to make informed choice
• Lack of consumers’ ability to report discriminatory practices occurring in digital markets
EP Study on Discrimination of Consumers in the Digital Single Market, 2013
Under pressure:
Big data rights
(CFR) Art 7 Right to Privacy
Art 8 Right to Protection of Personal Data
Art 11 Freedom of Expression
Art 21 Non-discrimination
September 2016
Future-oriented rules and
enforcement
Accountable controllers
Empowered individuals
Innovative privacy
engineering
A ‘Big Data Protection Ecosystem’ (EDPS Opinion 4/2015 September 2015)
EDPS Opinion 8/2016 Coherent enforcement of fundamental rights in the
age of big data Covert online tracking is endemic
Monopoly power + big data severe threat to freedom, privacy and choice
Enforcers have common goals but work in silos ‘Digital Clearing House’ to bring together
consumer, privacy and antitrust regulators
September 2016
Data protection
Consumer protection
Competition
Compatibility/ substitutability
Data portability
TransparencyAccurate, intelligible information
Welfare vs harm ChoiceTrust and the internal market
Exploitation
March 2014
Choice and competition
Privacy
Freedom of
expression
Non-discrimina
tion
Synergies between fundamental rights, consumer protection and competitiveness
The European Conference of Data Protection Authorities
Resolution on new frameworks of cooperation
“ (…)recognising the parallel efforts to reinforce cooperation between consumer enforcers, and the synergies between regulatory frameworks for consumer, antitrust and data protection, notably in
the digital society and economy,(…) reminds the European Data Protection Authorities on the
necessity of a practical and innovative approach, including greater dialogue and information sharing with other regulatory bodies
responsible for safeguarding the rights and interests of the individual in the digital society and economy”
BUDAPEST, 27 MAY 2016
Digital Clearing House
a voluntary network to help authorities decide the best jurisdiction to pursue
a case look at the longer term implications of a tech merger determine whether a dominant company is abusing its
power spot opportunities for joint work respect jurisdictional boundaries
help ease resource pressures of public regulators
Thank you
www.edps.europa.eu
@EU_EDPS
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