fundamental of organizational behaviour

8/4/2019 Fundamental of Organizational Behaviour

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Chet Nath Dahal

of 6

Fundamental of Organizational Behaviour

1.1 Historical Overview of O.B

Hand out no: 1

The relationship of O.B. to other closely disciplines:

Theoretical

Applied

1. Definition: Fred Luthans” Organizational behaviour can be defined as the understanding, prediction and

control of human behaviour in organization”

Understanding = Theory

Prediction = Research

Control = Management

Simple relationships among problems, methodology and Knowledge

O.T

(Organization theory)

O.B

( Organizational behavior)

O.D

( Organization development)

HRM

( Human resource mgmt)

Body of

Knowledge

Research

methodology

Problems &

questions of O.B



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2. Joe Kelly “Organizational behavior is the systematic study of the nature of organizations: how

they begin, grow and develop their effect on individual member , constituent groups and

other organizations and larger institution”

Understanding:

1. People 2.Structure 3.Technolology 4.Organisational behavior 5.External environment

People

External environment

Structure Technology

3. System theory:

INPUTS CONVERSION OUTPUTS

Comes from external

Environment

-Information

-Physical resources

-Human resources-Financial resources

-Technology

Value addition

( Meaning full items)= Greater than

End results

= Less than

4. The nature of Organization

Ext.env. Ext.env.

O.B

Org

Peo

ple



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a. Human behavior in organizational setting: Knowledge based organization;

Individual dimension;

b. The individual-organization interface: behavioral outcome; effort, motivation,

cooperation, involvement.

c. The organization: structure, distribution of authority and power,

communication

, organizational culture.

5. Historical Background of O.B

O.B emerged around the 1940s

Plato who describes essence of leadership and job specialization

Aristotle about persuasive and organizational communication

Niccolo Machiavelli advocated organizational power and politics

Adam Smith about organization structure based on division of labour

Max Weber advocated rational organizational structure and charismatic

leadership

F.W Taylor introduced the concept of labour management co-operation;

Scientific Management

-The principle of scientific management (1911)

1. Science , not rule of thumbs

2. Harmony, not discard

3. Co-operation, not individualism

4. Maximum output/not restricted output

5. Development of each man to his greatest efficiency and prosperity

Eton W. Mayo founder of human relation moment (1927-32) Human relation moment contribution Abraham Maslow, Douglas

Maslow’s hierarchy of needs : Five needs

1. Physiological

2. Security

3. Social

4. Esteem

5. Self-actualization

Mc Gregor’s Theory X and Theory Y

Modern Era

1. Emerged 1940

2. O.B. books published in 19443. O.B is a hybrid of different social sciences: sociology; psychology; political

science;

Anthropology; economics and industrial engineering

4. It draws different theories from these different disciplines in order to

understand and predict behavior at work. Eventually, O.B emerged as a mature field

of study in the late 1950s and 1960s.



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6. Importance of O.B

Satisfy one needs to understand and predict

Influence organizational event

Research and practice

7. Multidisciplinary Anchor

A. Traditional

1. Psychology

2. Sociology

3. Anthropology

4. Political science

5. Economics

6. Industrial engineering

B. Emerging Discipline

1. Communication

2. Information system

3. Women’s studies

4. Medicine

8. Subject –Matter of O.B

Anthropology:

- Individual to organization

-One part reflect to other

-Observing capacity of people

Sociology

-Construct society, (individual and groups)

Psychology

-Related to mind, knowledge

9. Approaches to study to O.B

1. Interdisciplinary approach:

- Hybrid discipline; buy only human related matters; individual indifference; value, perception and

thinking.

- Biology and psychology: people and organization; medicine.

2. Human resource approach (Supporting or development):

- Growth and development of individual; competency and creditability; supportive system.



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-Traditional manager function is to decision making, controlling, directing; new role is self-

direction and self- control.

3. Contingency approach:

- Environment and situation; differ environment and behavior.

- Change leads to changing in working style. O.B.is always guided by contingency situation.

- There is relationship between environment and existing working condition.

- Scientific management; human relation and bureaucracy; success or failure depends on

situation.

- A successful manager is one who cope the situation and environment that make people more

motivated to attain the organization.

-It is’ trial and error’ not rule of thumb.

4. System approach

- Modern approach; whole system; A system is constitute many sub-systems.

- There is positive relationship between people behavior action and organization system.

- Cost benefit analysis; If and then logic; either or; Cost –out put analysis; The gap between

budgeted and actual both cost and achievement; Net benefit analysis.

WHICH MODEL IS BEST?

No one is single best one it depends on situation. Both of either approach may produce best

result. System approach is more logical as well as scientific.



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fundamental of organizational behaviour

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