fundamental of management chap 7
TRANSCRIPT
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PowerPoint Presentation
to Accompany
Management, 10/eJohn R. Schermerhorn, Jr .
Prepared by: Jim LoPresti
University of Colorado, Boulder
Published by: John Wiley & Sons, In!
Chapter 7:Fundamentals of Planning
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Management 10/e - Chapter7 2
Planning Ahead — Chapter 7 Study Questions
Why and how do managers plan What types of plans do managers
use What are the useful planning tools
and te!hni"ues
#ow !an plans $e well implemented
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Management 10/e - Chapter7 %
Study Question 1 !hy and how do managers plan"
Planning &he pro!ess of setting o$'e!ti(es and
determining how to $est a!!omplish them)
*$'e!ti(es +dentify the spe!ifi! results or desired
out!omes that one intends to a!hie(e)
Plan , statement of a!tion steps to $e taen in
order to a!!omplish the o$'e!ti(es)
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Management 10/e - Chapter7 .
Study Question 1 !hy and how do managers plan"
teps in the planning pro!ess:efine your o$'e!ti(es)
etermine where you stand (is--(is
o$'e!ti(es)
e(elop premises regarding future
!onditions)
,nalye and !hoose among a!tionalternati(es)
+mplement the plan and e(aluate results)
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Management 10/e - Chapter7 3
#igure 7.1 $he roles o% planning and controlling inthe management process.
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Management 10/e - Chapter7 4
Study Question 1 !hy and how do managers plan"
5enefits of planning:
+mpro(es fo!us and fle6i$ility)
+mpro(es a!tion orientation)
+mpro(es !oordination)
+mpro(es time management)
+mpro(es !ontrol)
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Management 10/e - Chapter7 7
Study Question 1 !hy and how do managers plan"
Personal &ime Management &ips:
* say no8 to re"uests that distra!t
from what you should $e doing)*9& get $ogged down in details that
!an $e addressed later)
* s!reen telephone !alls; emails; andmeeting re"uests)
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Study Question 1 !hy and how do managers plan"
Personal &ime Management &ips:
*9& let drop-in (isitors instant
messaging use up your time
* prioritie your important and urgent
wor
*9& $e!ome !alendar $ound $y letting
others !ontrol your s!hedule
* follow priorities= do most important
and urgent wor first)
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Study Question & !hat types o% plans do managers
use"
hort-range and long-range plans hort-range plans ? 1 year or less
+ntermediate-range plans ? 1 to 2 years @ong-range plans ? % or more years
People (ary in their !apa$ility to deal
effe!ti(ely with different time horions)
#igher management le(els fo!us on longer
time horions)
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Management 10/e - Chapter7 10
Study Question & !hat types o% plans do managers
use"
trategi! and operational plans trategi! plans A set $road; !omprehensi(e; and
longer-term a!tion dire!tions for the entireorganiation)
*perational plans A define what needs to $e donein spe!ifi! areas to implement strategi! plans) Produ!tion plans Finan!ial plans Fa!ilities plans Mareting plans #uman resour!e plans
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Study Question & !hat types o% plans do managers
use"
Poli!ies and pro!edures tanding plans
Poli!ies and pro!edures that are designedfor repeated use)
Poli!y 5road guidelines for maing de!isions and
taing a!tion in spe!ifi! !ir!umstan!es)
Bules or pro!edures Plans that des!ri$e e6a!tly what a!tions
are to $e taen in spe!ifi! situations)
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Study Question & !hat types o% plans do managers
use"
5udgets and pro'e!t s!hedulesingle-use plans
*nly used on!e to meet the needs ando$'e!ti(es of a well-defined situation in a
timely manner)5udgets
ingle-use plans that !ommit resour!es toa!ti(ities; pro'e!ts; or programs)
Fi6ed; fle6i$le; and ero-$ased $udgets)
Pro'e!ts *ne-time a!ti(ities that ha(e !lear $eginning
and end points) Pro'e!t management and pro'e!t s!hedules)
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Management 10/e - Chapter7 1%
Study Question ' !hat are the use%ul planning tools
and techni(ues"
Fore!asting Maing assumptions a$out what will happen in
the future)
ualitati(e fore!asting uses e6pert opinions)
uantitati(e fore!asting uses mathemati!al
and statisti!al analysis)
,ll fore!asts rely on human 'udgment)
Planning in(ol(es de!iding on how to deal with
the impli!ations of a fore!ast)
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Management 10/e - Chapter7 1.
Study Question ' !hat are the use%ul planning tools
and techni(ues"
Contingen!y planning
+dentifying alternati(e !ourses of a!tion
that !an $e implemented to meet theneeds of !hanging !ir!umstan!es)
Contingen!y plans anti!ipate !hanging
!onditions)Contingen!y plans !ontain trigger points)
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Management 10/e - Chapter7 13
Study Question ' !hat are the use%ul planning tools
and techni(ues"
!enario planning
, long-term (ersion of !ontingen!y
planning) +dentifying alternati(e future s!enarios)
Plans made for ea!h future s!enario)
+n!reases organiations fle6i$ility and
preparation for future sho!s)
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Management 10/e - Chapter7 14
Study Question ' !hat are the use%ul planning tools
and techni(ues"
5en!hmaring
Dse of e6ternal !omparisons to $etter
e(aluate !urrent performan!e and
identify possi$le a!tions for the future)
,dopting $est pra!ti!es of other
organiations that a!hie(e superior
performan!e)
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Management 10/e - Chapter7 17
Study Question ' !hat are the use%ul planning tools
and techni(ues"
Dse of staff planners
Coordinating the planning fun!tion for
the total organiation or one of its
ma'or !omponents)
Possi$le !ommuni!ation gaps $etweenstaff planners and line management)
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Management 10/e - Chapter7 1<
Study Question ) *ow can plans +e well
implemented"
Pro'e!t managementE
Maes sure a!ti(ities re"uired to !omplete
a pro'e!t are planned well anda!!omplished on time and within $udget
Pro'e!ts one-time a!ti(ities with many
!omponent tass that must $e !ompletedin proper order and within $udget
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Management 10/e - Chapter7 1>
Study Question ) *ow can plans +e well
implemented"
Gantt !harts graphi! display of s!heduledtass re"uired to !omplete a pro'e!t
CPM/PHB& a !om$ination of the !riti!alpath method and the program e(aluation
and re(iew te!hni"ue
Criti!al path pathway from pro'e!t start
to finish that in(ol(es a!ti(ities with thelongest !ompletion times
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Management 10/e - Chapter7 20
Study Question ) *ow can plans +e well
implemented"
Iey issues and prin!iples in thegoal-setting pro!ess:et spe!ifi! goals)et !hallenging goals)Hnsure goals are attaina$le)Goals must $e timely)
Mae sure goals are measura$le)
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Management 10/e - Chapter7 21
Study Question ) *ow can plans +e well
implemented"
Goal-setting theory
Parti!ipation in goal setting
unlo!s the moti(ational potential of goalsetting)
management $y o$'e!ti(es JM5*K promotes
parti!ipation)
when parti!ipation is not possi$le; worerswill respond positi(ely if super(isory trust
and support e6ist)
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Management 10/e - Chapter7 22
#igure 7.& A sample hierarchy
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Management 10/e - Chapter7 2%
Study Question ) *ow can plans +e well
implemented"
Management $y *$'e!ti(es JM5*K
, stru!tured pro!ess of regular
!ommuni!ation)
uper(isor/team leader and worers
'ointly set performan!e o$'e!ti(es)
uper(isor/team leader and worers
'ointly re(iew results)
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Management 10/e - Chapter7 2.
Study Question ) *ow does management +y
o+ecti-es operate"
M5* in(ol(es a formal agreement
spe!ifying E
Worers performan!e o$'e!ti(es for a spe!ifi!time period)
Plans through whi!h performan!e o$'e!ti(es
will $e a!!omplished)
tandards for measuring a!!omplishment ofperforman!e o$'e!ti(es)
Pro!edures for re(iewing performan!e results)
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Management 10/e - Chapter7 23
#igure 7.' anagement +y o+ecti-es as anintegrated planning and control %ramewor/.
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Management 10/e - Chapter7 24
Study Question ) *ow does management +y
o+ecti-es operate"
&he M5* pro!ess:uper(isor and worers 'ointly set
o$'e!ti(es; esta$lish standards; and
!hoose a!tions)Worers a!t indi(idually to perform
tass= super(isors a!t indi(idually topro(ide ne!essary support)
uper(isor and worers 'ointly re(iewresults; dis!uss impli!ations; and renewthe M5* !y!le)
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Management 10/e - Chapter7 27
Study Question ) *ow does management +y
o+ecti-es operate
&ypes of M5* performan!e o$'e!ti(es +mpro(ement Personal de(elopment
Maintenan!e Criteria for effe!ti(e performan!e
o$'e!ti(es pe!ifi!
&ime defined Challenging Measura$le
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Management 10/e - Chapter7 2<
Study Question ) *ow does management +y
o+ecti-es operate"
Pitfalls to a(oid in using M5*
&ying M5* to pay)
Fo!using too mu!h attention on easily"uantifia$le o$'e!ti(es)
Be"uiring e6!essi(e paperwor)
#a(ing managers tell worers their
o$'e!ti(es)
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Management 10/e - Chapter7 2>
Study Question ) *ow does management +y
o+ecti-es operate"
,d(antages of M5* Fo!uses worers on most important
tass and o$'e!ti(es) Fo!uses super(isors efforts on
important areas of support)Contri$utes to relationship $uilding)
Gi(es worers a stru!tured opportunityto parti!ipate in de!ision maing)
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Study Question ) *ow can plans +e well
implemented"
Parti!ipation and in(ol(ement Parti!ipatory planning re"uires that the planning
pro!ess in!lude people who will $e affe!ted $y the
plans and/or will help implement them)
5enefits of parti!ipation and in(ol(ement:
Promotes !reati(ity in planning)
+n!reases a(aila$le information)
Fosters understanding; a!!eptan!e; and
!ommitment to the final plan)
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Management 10/e - Chapter7 %1
#igure 7.) *ow participation and in-ol-ement help+uild commitments to plans.
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