functions of blood transportation of oxygen and carbon dioxide transportation of nutrients and waste...
TRANSCRIPT
Functions of Blood
• Transportation of oxygen and carbon dioxide
• Transportation of nutrients and waste
• Maintenance of body temperature
• Circulation of hormones
These red blood cells function in oxygen transport
Physical Characteristics of
Blood
• Adult ♂ contains 5-6L• Adult ♀ contains 4-5L• 55% is liquid – called plasma• 45% is blood cells – together, considered a tissue• 5 times as viscous as water
– Is it more or less resistant to flow than water?– What accounts for its viscosity?
• Color ranges from scarlet (oxygenated blood) to a deep red – looks blue from surface (deoxygenated blood).
Whole Blood
Plasma
(55%)
Formed Elements
(45%)
1. Water (92%)
2. Plasma Proteins (7%)
3. Other Solutes (1%)
1. Red Blood Cells (99.9%)
2. Platelets
3. White Blood Cells
(0.1%)
Plasma
• Fluid medium for transport – like a river
• Contains dissolved proteins– Blood clotting proteins– Proteins for antibodies
Red Blood Cells (erythrocytes)
• Contain hemoglobin – binds to O2
• No nucleus – allows more room for O2 transport
• Each RBC is a biconcave disc – why?
• Short life span (120 days) – due to wear and tear
White Blood Cells (leukocytes)
• Protects against pathogens• Much fewer than RBC’s• Several types
– Macrophages– Produce antibodies– Memory cells
• Contain large nucleus• Pus = WBC fragments +
dead microorganisms
Platelets
• Flattened disk-like cell fragments
• Initiate blood clotting• Become activated
when ruptured due to a sharp edge such as a cut
• The rupture initiates a chain reaction that results in a blood clot (mesh of protein fibres and trapped RBC’s)
Destroys Type B
Destroys Type A Destroys Type A & B
Destroys neither A or B
The universal donor
The universal acceptor
Comparison of Veins and ArteriesARTERIES
FUNCTION: CARRY BLOOD AWAY FROM THE HEART
CHARACTERISTICS:
•VERY THICK, MUSCULAR WALLS
•VERY HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE
•CARRIES OXYGENATED BLOOD AWAY FROM HEART (WITH 1 EXCEPTION)
•EXAMPLES – CORONARY, AORTA, CAROTID, FEMORAL
VEINS
FUNCTION: AFTER BLOOD MOVES THROUGH THE ARTERIES IT ENTERS LARGER BLOOD VESSELS CALLED VEINS, WHICH CARRY BLOOD BACK TO THE HEART.
CHARACTERISTICS:
•THINNER WALLS WITH LESS MUSCLE
•HAVE VALVES (WHY?)
•CARRIES DEOXYGENATED BLOOD (1 EXCEPTION)
•EXAMPLES – VENA CAVA, JUGULAR,
•LOCATION – NEAR MUSCLES (WHY?)
Structure of Blood Vessels
Capillary Structure
Artherosclerosis
• Fat droplets can stick together to form large obstructions in blood vessels.
• Calcium & other minerals deposit onto the lipid causing it to harden.
VEINS
VERICOSE VEINS
VERICOSE VEINS