functions and structure of bones
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Functions and Structure of Bones. Ch. 6. Functions of bone. Support Protection Movement Mineral homeostasis Blood cell production Energy storage. Support. Provide a framework for the body Muscles attach to skeletal system. Protection. Protects internal organs Surrounds: - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Functions and Structure of Bones
Ch. 6
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Functions of bone
• Support• Protection• Movement• Mineral homeostasis• Blood cell production• Energy storage
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Support
• Provide a framework for the body• Muscles attach to skeletal system
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Protection
• Protects internal organs• Surrounds:– Ribs – heart, lungs, liver, spleen– Skull – brain– Vertebrae – spinal cord
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Movement
• Muscles pull on bones to produce motion• Muscles contract
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Storage and Production
• Produce red blood cells– Produced by red bone marrow– Process called: hemopoiesis
• Stores minerals– Calcium, phosphorus– Releases minerals into blood
stream as needed• Stores energy– Lipids stored in yellow bone
marrow
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Structure of Bone• Best examined in long bones (femur, humerus,
tibia, fibular, radius, ulna)
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Structure of bone
• Diaphysis – dī-AF-i-sis– dia = through– physis = growth– The shaft or long
portion of the bone
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Structure of bone
• Epiphysis (e-PIF-i-sēz)– epi = above, physis = ?– The ends of the bone– Proximal and distal
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Structure of bone
• Metaphysis (me-TAF-i-sis)– Where the diaphysis meets
the epiphysis– Includes epiphyseal plate
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Structure of bone
• Articular cartilage– Thin layer of hyaline cartilage– Covers epiphysis where a joint
is formed– Reduces friction, absorbs
shock
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Structure of bone
• Periosteum (per-ē-OS-tē-um)– (peri = around, osteo = bone)– Membrane surrounding a bone not yet covered by articular
cartilage– Essential for growth, repair, nutrition– Point of attachment for ligaments and tendons– 2 layers
• Outer – fibrous layer– Dense irregular connective tissue– Contains blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and nerves
• Inner – osteogenic layer– Contains elastic fibers, blood vessels, and bone cells
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Structure of bone
• Medullary (MED-yoo-lar-ē)– Also called marrow cavity– Space with in the diaphysis that contains yellow
marrow– In adults only
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Structure of bone
• Endosteum (end-OS-tē-um)– Membrane lining the
medullary– Contains osteoprogenitor
cells
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Structure of bone