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FUNCTIONAL FOODS
Shea Teresi Nutr. 243
Overview
Learning objectives
Refresher –introduction
of functional foods,
definitions
Nutrient Density
ANDI Score
Main Functional
Components
Free Radicals
Cancer
Immune Health
Heart Health
Bone Health
Tips For Optimal Health
Questions
Quiz
Learning Objectives
1. Explain what nutrient density is
2. Explain the ANDI scale
3. List 2 Diseases and one component that
help in their risk reduction
Refresher
No standard definition
All foods are not functional
1980s
Unprocessed/ natural foods and processed, enriched and
enhanced foods
Improve or enhance
Reduce the risk of disease
Introduction of Functional Foods
Functional Foods
are processed foods containing ingredients that aid
specific bodily functions in addition to being
nutritious
Definitions
Functional foods are foods
that have a potentially
positive effect on health
beyond basic nutrition.
-Mayo Clinic
Functional foods are whole foods and fortified, enriched, or enhanced foods that have a potentially beneficial effect on health when consumed as part of a varied diet on a regular basis, at effective levels.
-Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics
Broad definition Specified definition
Nutrient Density
Measure of the amount of nutrients in a food in
comparison to its energy content (calories).
Most nutrient dense items = high nutrients, low
calories
Least nutrient dense items = high nutrients, high
calories, low nutrients, high calories.
Nutrient Density- ANDI Score
ANDI score - Aggregate Nutrient Density Index
Nutrient density
1 to 1000
Micronutrients, phytochemicals and antioxidant capacity
Effective but……..
ANDI Score
Main Functional Components
Carotenoids
Fatty Acids
Dietary Fiber
Flavonoids
Plant stanols/Sterols
Probiotics
Prebiotics
Soy protein
Sulfides/ Thiols
Vitamins
Free Radicals and Health
Free radicals
What are they?
What damage do they cause?
Diabetes
Cataracts
high blood pressure
rheumatoid arthritis
respiratory infection
Cancer
Functional Foods for Free Radical
Neutralization
Antioxidants
Flavonoids – antioxidant activities flavanols (quercetin, kaempferol, isorhamnetin, myricetin) =
onions, apples, tea, broccoli
flavanones (hesperetin, naringgenin) = citrus fruits
Vitamin E sunflower seeds, almonds, hazlenuts, turnip greens,
fortified foods and beverages
Carotenoids Beta-carotene = carrots, pumpkin, sweet potatoes, cantaloupe, spinach
and tomatoes
Cancer
Cell division
Metastasis
Men vs women
Contributors:
Free radicals
Carcinogens
Sun exposure
Smoking
Genetics
Physical activity
Diet
Functional Foods that Fight Cancer
Dietary fibers
Wheat bran, oatmeal, apples, psyllium seed husk, beans
Carotenoids
Phyto-estrogens
Flax seeds, seeds and nuts, lentils, broccoli, cauliflower
Vitamin C
Citrus fruits, sweet red/green peppers, guava
Immune Health
Immune system disorders
Over activity
Autoimmune diseases
Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Rheumatoid Arthritis
Asthma
Under activity
Functional Foods for Immune Health
Probiotics Bifidobacteria = cultured dairy such as yogurt and supplemented milk
Minerals Selenium = fish, red meat, whole grains, garlic, liver, eggs
Magnesium = spinach, pumpkin seeds, enriched grains and cereals, halibut, almonds,
brazil nuts, beans
Zinc increases white blood cell count = mushrooms
Antioxidants
Heart Health
Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL)
Arteries
Atherosclerosis
Cardiovascular Disease
myocardial infarction, stroke, Coronary Heart Disease
Coronary Heart Disease
Blood, oxygen and
nutrients
LDL cholesterol (plaque)
Symptoms
Functional Foods for Heart Health
Omega-3 fatty acids
fatty fish (salmon, sardines), fortified eggs, breads, cereals, yogurt,
butter/margarine spreads, and milks
Plant sterols and stanols and soy protein
fortified dairy products, breads, margarine and beverages
naturally in nuts, seeds, fruits and vegetables
Soy beans (edamame)
Soluble fiber
Oatmeal, oat bran, oat flour, barley, rye
Bone Health - Osteoporosis
Bone mineral density
Porous bones
Fragile and increased
risk of fractures and
breakage
Dowagers Hump
Functional Foods for Bone Health
Minerals – calcium and phosphorus calcium = Milk, yogurt, spinach, fortified orange juice/beverages and foods (cereals,
cereal bars, breads, waffles, etc.)
phosphorus = milk, cheese, meat, fortified breads and cereals
Vitamins – vitamin D non-food source = sunlight
fatty fish, cod liver, fortified dairy products and some breakfast cereals
Tips for optimal health!
Beware of disguised junk food
More nutrient dense the better!
Eat the rainbow! The more colorful the fruits and
vegetables in your diet, the more nutrients these
foods contain
Don’t rely solely on eating these foods
Physical activity plays a huge role in reaping the
benefits of functional foods
References
Cancer.org
WebMD
Mayo Clinic
Foodinsight.org
International Food Information Council Foundation
Journal of Food and Drug analysis
International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences
Nutriwatch.org
Whole Foods Market
QUESTIONS??
Quiz
1. Define nutrient density
2. True or false?
The higher the ANDI score, the lower the nutrient value
3. List 2 diseases along with a functional food
component that reduces its risk