functional anatomy of blood vessels. special circulations pulmonary circulation right ventricle ↓...
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Functional Anatomy of Blood Vessels
Special Circulations
Pulmonary Circulation
Right ventricle↓
Pulmonary trunk↓
Right and left pulmonary arteries↓
Lobar arteries (2 left, 3 right)↓
Arterioles↓
Pulmonary capillaries↓
Diffusion↓
Venules↓
Veins↓
Pulmonary veins↓
Left atrium
Functional blood supply for the lungs comes from the aorta and through the
bronchial arteries.
Special Circulations
Fetal Circulation
Umbilical cord is made of the umbilical vein and two umbilical arteries. Vein carries nutrients and O2 to fetus.
Arteries carry CO2 and wastes from fetus to placenta.
Placenta↓
Umbilical vein↓
Ductus venosus↓
Inferior vena cava↓
Right atrium↓
Foramen ovale↓
Left atrium↓
Left ventricle↓
Aorta↓
Body↓
Internal iliac arteries↓
Umbilical arteries↓
Placenta
Lower extremities
Right ventricle↓
Pulmonary trunk↓
Ductus arteriosus
Liver
Brachiocephalic artery
Special Circulation
Arterial Supply of the Brain
Aortic Arch
Internal carotid arteries
Vertebral arteries
Middle cerebral artery
Anterior cerebral artery
Basilar artery
Posterior cerebral arteries
Common carotid arteries
Subclavian artery
Brachiocephalic artery
Posterior communicating artery
Anterior communicating artery
Special Circulation
Arterial Supply of the Brain
Internal carotid Middle cerebral
Anterior cerebralAnterior cerebralAnterior communicating
Middle cerebral
Basilar
Vertebral
Posterior communicating Posterior
communicating
Posterior cerebral Posterior cerebral
Major Systemic Veins
• Superior Vena Cava• Inferior Vena Cava
Major Systemic Veins
Dorsalis pedis vein↓
Anterior tibial vein↓
Popliteal vein↓
Femoral vein↓
External iliac vein↓
Common iliac vein↓
Inferior vena cava
Dorsal venous arch
Small saphenous vein
Plantar Arch↓
plantar veins↓
Posterior tibial vein
Lower Limb
Great saphenous vein
Fibular (peroneal) vein
BLOOD VESSELS
Arterioles Veinules
BLOOD VESSELS
COMPARISON OF ARTERIES, CAPILLARIES, & VEINS
Arteries & Arterioles Capillaries Veinules & Veins
Tunica Intima
(Blood)
Tunica Media
Tunica Adventitia
CAPILLARY BEDS
BLOOD PRESSURE
VENOUS PUMP
VENOUS PUMP
1. Valves - formed from folds of tunica intima prevent backflow of blood in veinules & veins.
2. Function like semilunar valves forcing blood to flow against gravity toward the heart.
VENOUS PUMP
3. Skeletal muscles pressing against walls of veins provide force to move blood from one valve through the next toward the heart.
4. Skeletal muscles pressing against walls of veins provide force to move blood from one valve through the next toward the heart.
VARICOSE VEINS
1. Veins that are stretched, dilated & overfilled with blood due to incompetent valves
2. Contributing causes:Weak valves or veins - (heredity)
Excessive weight
Excessive standing, straining
Inadequate exercise
Increased intra-pelvic pressure - pregnancy, constipation
VARICOSE VEINS
MAJOR ARTERIES OF THE BODY
Ascending AortaAortic Arch
Thoracic Aorta
Abdominal Aorta
Brachiocephalic
Celiac
External Iliac Internal Iliac
Femoral
Popliteal (behind knee)
Posterior Tibial (behind Tibia)Anterior Tibial
ARTERIES OF THE LEG
ARTERIES OF THE HEAD & NECK
Major Systemic Veins• Dorsal venous arch• Great saphenous• Small saphenous• Dorsalis pedis• Anterior tibial• Popliteal• Femoral• External iliac• Common iliac• Inferior vena cava
Lower Limb
• Dorsal venous arch• Small saphenous• Popliteal• Femoral• External iliac• Common iliac• Inferior vena cava
• Dorsal venous arch• Great saphenous• Femoral• External iliac• Common iliac• Inferior vena cava
• Plantar arch• Plantar veins• Posterior tibial• Fibular
• Anterior tibial• Popliteal• Femoral• External iliac• Common iliac• Inferior vena
cava
Major Systemic Veins
INFERIOR
VENA
CAVA
Hepatic veins
Left suprarenal veinRenal veinRight suprarenal vein
Hepatic veins
Left gonadal vein
Right gonadal vein
Lumbar veins Lumbar veins
Abdomen
Major Systemic Veins
Head and Neck
Occipital vein↓
Posterior arcuate vein↓
External jugular vein
↓ Vertebral
↓
Facial Superficial temporal vein
Subclavian vein
Brachiocephalic vein↓
Superior vena cava
Internal jugular vein
Major Systemic Veins
• Occipital vein• Posterior arcuate vein• External jugular vein• Subclavian vein• Brachiocephalic vein• Superior vena cava
Head and Neck
• Vertebral vein• Subclavian vein• Brachiocephalic vein• Superior vena cava
• Facial vein• Superficial temporal vein• Internal jugular vein• Brachiocephalic vein• Superior vena cava
Major Systemic VeinsUpper Limb
Ulnar vein Radial vein
Basilic vein
Brachial vein
Cephalic Axillary↓
Subclavian↓
Brachiocephalic ↓
Superior vena cava
Median cubital vein
Median antibrachial vein
Major Systemic Veins
• Ulnar vein• Radial vein• Brachial vein• Axillary vein• Subclavian vein• Brachiocephalic vein• Superior vena cava
Upper Limb
• Basilic vein
• Brachial vein• Axillary vein• Subclavian vein• Brachiocephalic vein• Superior vena cava
• Cephalic vein
• Axillary vein• Subclavian vein• Brachiocephalic vein• Superior vena cava
Major Systemic Veins
Thorax
Azygos System
Posterior intercostal veins↓
Ascending lumbar vein
Hemiazygos veinAccessory hemiazygos veins
Azygos vein
Superior vena cava
Major Systemic Veins
• Posterior intercostal veins• Ascending lumbar veins• Hemiazygos vein• Azygos vein• Superior vena cava
ThoraxAzygos System
• Posterior intercostal veins• Ascending lumbar vein• Accessory hemiazygos
veins• Azygos vein • Superior vena cava
Major Systemic Veins
Hepatic Portal System
Veins from digestive viscera, spleen, & pancreas
↓Hepatic Portal vein
↓Liver
↓Hepatic veins
↓Inferior vena cava
Veins from distal large intestine
↓Inferior mesenteric vein
Veins from spleen↓
Splenic vein
Veins fromlesser curvature
of stomach↓
Left gastric vein
Veins from small intestine,ascending and transverse
colon↓
Superior mesenteric vein
Major Systemic Veins
• Veins from distal large intestine• Inferior mesenteric vein• Veins from digestive viscera,
spleen and pancreas• Hepatic portal vein• Liver• Hepatic veins• Inferior vena cava
Hepatic Portal System
• Veins from spleen• Splenic vein• Veins from digestive viscera,
spleen and pancreas• Hepatic portal vein• Liver• Hepatic veins• Inferior vena cava
• Veins from small intestine, ascending and transverse colon
• Superior mesenteric vein• Veins from digestive viscera,
spleen and pancreas• Hepatic portal vein• Liver• Hepatic veins• Inferior vena cava
• Veins from lesser curvature of stomach
• Left gastric vein• Liver• Hepatic veins• Inferior vena cava
Major Systemic Veins
Hepatic Portal System