fulmini e saette - fisica in barca 2009fisicainbarca.ts.infn.it/2008/allegati/fulminisaette.pdf ·...
TRANSCRIPT
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G.Barbiellini, G.Iafrate -- 1
FULMINI E SAETTEFULMINI E SAETTEG.Barbiellini, G.IafrateG.Barbiellini, G.IafrateUniversity of Trieste and INFN Trieste
on behalf of the AGILE team
Thanks to M.Marisaldi,F.Fuschino, F.Longo
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Feynman Festival - 17 aprile 2008Feynman Festival - 17 aprile 2008
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OutlineOutline
• Gamma-ray astrophysics and detection technique
• AGILE scientific mission and instrument
• AGILE in orbit: first results
• Terrestrial Gamma-ray flashes: introduction and history
• Sprites
• BATSE, RHESSI and AGILE observations
• Correlation with cosmic-rays
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Gamma-Ray AstrophysicsGamma-Ray Astrophysics
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Detection TechniqueDetection Technique
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AGILEAGILE
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AGILE AGILE
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Scientific Institutes Scientific Institutes involved in the development of AGILEinvolved in the development of AGILE
• INAF-IASF Milano• INAF-IASF Bologna• INAF-IASF Roma • INFN- Sez. Trieste• INFN- Sez. Roma I• INFN- Sez. Roma II• INFN- Sez. Pavia• Università di Trieste• Università di Roma “Tor Vergata”• Università “La Sapienza”• CIFS - Consorzio Interuniversitario per la Fisica Spaziale (Torino)
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AGILE instrumentAGILE instrument
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AGILE in orbit…AGILE in orbit…
• First ASI Small Scientific Mission
• Scientific Mission dedicated to gamma-ray and X-ray astrophysics
• Around 5000 orbits.
• Healthy Scientific Instrument
• Satellite Commissioning Phase completed (May-June)
• Science verification phase and in-orbit calibrations completed (July-September: Vela & Crab PSRs)
• Very promising scientific performance
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The AGILE InstrumentThe AGILE Instrument
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AGILE: inside the cube…
ANTICOINCIDENCE
INAF-IASF-Mi (F.Perotti)
HARD X-RAY IMAGER (SUPER-AGILE)
INAF-IASF-Rm (E.Costa, M. Feroci)
GAMMA-RAY IMAGER
SILICON TRACKER
INFN-Trieste
(G.Barbiellini, M. Prest)
(MINI) CALORIMETER
INAF-IASF-Bo, Thales-Alenia Space (LABEN)
(G. Di Cocco, C. Labanti)
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The AGILE Tracker (INFN-Ts, G. Barbiellini, M. Prest et al.)
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Gamma-ray detected by the AGILE Tracker
The AGILE instrument
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G.Barbiellini, G.Iafrate -- 15 GRID detection of natural bkg gamma-raysGRID detection of natural bkg gamma-rays
The AGILE instrument
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The AGILE Mini-Calorimeter (Thales-Alenia Space – Laben, scient. supervision by IASF-INAF BOG. Di Cocco, C. Labanti et al.)
The AGILE instrument
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Broad band background energy spectrum measured by a CsI detector (MCAL of AGILE) sensitive in the 400 keV – 100 MeV energy range.Several features due to radioisotopes in the environment and atmospheric muons can be identified.
1.46 MeV 40K photopeak2.61 MeV 208Bi photopeak (232Th serie)
~10 MeV muon peak(single bar crossed)
~20 MeV muon peak(whole MCAL crossed)
Room Radioactivity (measured in the lab by MCAL)
The AGILE instrument
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The Last Gamma on EarthThe Last Gamma on Earth
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Sriharikota launch base (India)PSLV-C8 launch, April 23, 2007
AGILE launch
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AGILE in orbitAGILE in orbit
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AGILE orbital parametersAGILE orbital parameters
Semi-major axis: 6922.5 km (± 0.1 km)Requirement: 6928.0 ± 10 km
Inclination angle: 2.48° (±0.04°)Requirement: < 3°
Eccentricity: 0.002 (±0.0015)Requirement: < 0.1°
AGILE in orbit
The AGILE orbit is the best for gamma-ray astrophysics
Average height: 540 kmInclination angle: 2.48 degrees
Low particle background !
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Fotoni a terra e in volo - II
First gamma-ray detected in orbit with the nominal GRID trigger configuration (May 10, 2007)
The First Gamma in Orbit
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First LightFirst Light
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AGILE resultsAGILE results
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September 28, 2007
La Grande Triade
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Vela PSR light curve (E>100 MeV), ~20 day integration, Vela PSR light curve (E>100 MeV), ~20 day integration, (calibration observation blocks, July-August, 2007). 0.5 ms time bins.(calibration observation blocks, July-August, 2007). 0.5 ms time bins.
Vela Pulsar
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AGILE detection of 3C 279 ! AGILE detection of 3C 279 !
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3c4543c454
AGILE repointing request repointing
Tuorla Obs. data
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3C 454.3
+AGILE pointing centroid
~ 36°
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Terrestrial Gamma-ray FlashesTerrestrial Gamma-ray Flashes
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Terrestrial Gamma-ray FlashesTerrestrial Gamma-ray Flashes
• AGILE detected gamma-ray emission coming from the Earth, very short (1 ms) and of high intensity
• Terrestrial gamma-ray flashes were first discovered in 1994 by BATSE
• TGFs were linked to an individual lightning strike occurring within a few ms of the TGF
• BATSE detected only a small number of TGF events in nine years
• The newer RHESSI satellite has observed TGFs with much higher energies
• approximately fifty TGFs occur each day, larger than previously thought but still only representing a very small fraction of the total lightning on Earth (3-4 million lightning events per day on average)
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SpritesSprites
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SpritesSprites
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The global and local electric circuitThe global and local electric circuit
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The global and local electric circuitThe global and local electric circuit
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Model for sprite dischargeModel for sprite discharge
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BATSE - CGROBATSE - CGRO
• Space mission planned to study gamma emission from celestial sources
• In orbit from 1991 to 2000
• Energy range: 30 keV - 30 GeV
• Only very high energy satellite (up to 30 GeV) before GLAST
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BATSEBATSE
76 TGFs observed over 9 years
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Correlation with thunderstormsCorrelation with thunderstorms
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BATSEBATSE
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BATSEBATSE
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RHESSIRHESSI
• Launched on Feb 5, 2002
• Low Earth Orbit: Altitude 600 km i = 38°
• Detectors smallers than BATSE but better high-energy response and resolution
REUVEN RAMATY HIGH ENERGYSOLAR SPECTROSCOPIC IMAGER
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RHESSIRHESSI
RHESSI position during each recorded TGFs
long-term lightning frequency data (flashes per square kilometer per year)
the expected distribution of observed TGFs if the population were evenly distributed over the globe (fraction of maximum exposure)
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AGILEAGILE
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AGILEAGILE
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AGILEAGILE
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Cosmic Ray InfluenceCosmic Ray Influence
Atmospheric electric field in periods of thunderstorms
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