full project of bqt sheikh shb (2)

BQT PROJECT

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AUTHOR DETAIL

USAMA IMRAN. Usama Imran is a student of BBA 5th semester at GIFT UNIVERSITY Gujranwala. Born in Sialkot, did his matriculation in Science from The CONCEPT School System Sialkot, did his intermediate in Commerce from The SUPERIOR Group OF Colleges. No professional experience in life by far.

MOHAMMAD ZAIN. M.Zain is a student of BBA 5th semester at GIFT UNIVERSITY Gujranwala. Born in Gujranwala, did his matriculation in Science from The PAKISTAN Foundation School Gujranwala, did his intermediate in Commerce from The PUNJAB Group OF Colleges. No professional experience in life by far.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We are thankful to Almighty Allah who gives everyone the knowledge. He is who taught man and created from clot. We also feel proud to have the Parents with whose prayers and efforts we are here and getting education in Pakistans reputed institute GIFT UNIVERSITY (Gujranwala). So we are very thankful to them. A special thanks to SIR ABID AWAN, who has put her heartily efforts to make good understanding of the subject in a very interesting way. We are also thankful to UNIVERSITY OF GUJRAT, PUNJAB UNIVERSITY AND UNIVERSITY OF SARGODHA who cooperated with us and provided the opportunity to get required information. We dedicate this project to our parents who always appreciate us in every step and to our teachers at all stages of study specially SIR ABID AWAN who always guided us in right direction and developed our personality as a useful citizen for the society and beyond them, to all of our friends from whom we learned much and complete our tasks.

OBJECTIVE

The purpose of Business Quantitative Techniques is to give students, primarily those in the field of business administration a conceptual introduction to the field of statistics and its many applications. Knowledge of these topics especially now a day is extremely critical to decision making and for the analysis of data. Using Quantitative Techniques, we are able nowTo predict the likelihood of an event occurring, organize and Evaluate data, and identify the significance of statements. It will tell us how to apply the Business Techniques in real scenario.Most benefits we got from this project are the Experience of forecasting and knowing that how the Quantitative Techniques are in the books and how are they in the real life.

Table of ContentsLIST OF TABLES7LIST OF FIGURES10LIST OF ABBREVIATION11BREIF INTRODUCTION12FRAME WORK13VARIABLES14Independent Variables14Dependent Variable14DESCRIPTIVE ANALYSIS15UNIVERSITY OF GUJRAT17Student Satisfaction17Fee structure18University infrastructure19Teaching Methodology20University policies21PUNJAB UNIVERSITY22Student Satisfaction22Fee structure23University infrastructure24Teaching Methodology25University policies26UNIVERSITY OF SARGODHA27Student Satisfaction27Fee structure28University infrastructure29Teaching Methodology30University Policies31COMPARISON32Comparison of student satisfaction32Comparison of fee structure33Comparison of University infrastructure34Comparison of teaching methodology35Comparison of University policies36ANOVA37Comparison of Fee Structure37Comparison of University Infrastructure38Fisher LSD:40Comparison of Teaching Methodology42Fisher LSD:43Comparison of University Policies45Fisher LSD:47Comparison of Satisfaction Level49Fisher LSD:50GENERAL REGRESSION53GENERAL CORRELATION54UNIVERSITY OF GUJRAT55CORRELATION55REGRESSION ANALYSIS56CONFIDENCE INTERVAL58HYPOTHESIS TESTING ABOUT (BETA)60REGRESSION STATISTICS62R Square62Adjusted R262Hypothesis Testing About R263PUNJAB UNIVERSITY65CORRELATION65REGRESSION ANALYSIS66CONFIDENCE INTERVAL68HYPOTHESIS TESTING ABOUT (BETA)70REGRESSION STATISTICS72R Square72Adjusted R272Hypothesis Testing About R273UNIVERSITY OF SARGODHA74CORRELATION74REGRESSION ANALYSIS75CONFIDENCE INTERVAL77HYPOTHESIS TESTING ABOUT (BETA)79REGRESSION STATISTICS81R Square81Adjusted R281Hypothesis Testing About R282APPENDICIES84CONCLUSION & CRUX OF STUDY89SUGGESTION AND RECOMMENDATIONS90

LIST OF TABLESDescriptive Analysis TablesUniversity Of Gujrat1. Table for Student Satisfaction.. 112. Table for Fee Structure 123. Table for University Infrastructure..134. Table for Teaching Methodology................................................................................145. Table for University Policies...15Punjab University6. Table for Student Satisfaction..167. Table for Fee Structure178. Table for University Infrastructure..189. Table for Teaching Methodology................................................................................1910. Table for University Policies20University Of Sargodha11. Table for Student Satisfaction..2112. Table for Fee Structure2213. Table for University Infrastructure..2314. Table for Teaching Methodology................................................................................2415. Table for University Policies...2516. Comparison for Student Satisfaction...2617. Comparison for Fee Structure.............2718. Comparison for University Infrastructure..2819. Comparison for Teaching Methodology.2920. Comparison for University Policies30ANOVA21. Comparison of Fee Structure........................22. Comparison of University Infrastructure23. Fisher LCD for U I..24. Comparison of Teaching Methodology25. Fisher LCD for T M26. Comparison of University Policies27. Fisher LCD for U P28. Comparison of Satisfaction Level29. Fisher LCD for S LGENERAL REGRESSION & CORRELATIONUNIVERSITY OF GUJRAT30. Table for Correlation31. Table for Multiple Regression...............32. Table for Confidence Interval.33. Table for Hypothesis Testing About Beta34. Table for Regression Statistics.35. Table for Hypothesis Testing About R2PUNJAB UNIVERSITY36. Table for Correlation37. Table for Multiple Regression.38. Table for Confidence Interval39. Table for Hypothesis Testing About Beta40. Table for Regression Statistics.41. Table for Hypothesis Testing About R2UNIVERSITY OF SARGODHA42. Table for Correlation43. Table for Multiple Regression.44. Table for Confidence Interval.45. Table for Hypothesis Testing About Beta..46. Table for Regression Statistics..47. Table for Hypothesis Testing About R2

LIST OF FIGURESFrame Work

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONANOVA Analysis of VarienceC.V..Coefficient of VariationUOG..University of GujratPUPunjab UniversityUOS..University of SargodhaF S,X1....Fee StructureU I, X2.University InfrastructureT M, X3Teaching MethodologyU P, X4..University PoliciesS L, Y...Satisfaction LevelSQTSquare RootLSDLeast Significance Difference

BREIF INTRODUCTION

We have selected three populations, which are universities of Government named as Punjab University Gujranwala CampusUniversity of GujratUniversity of Sargodha Gujranwala Campus

Punjab UniversityPunjab university Gujranwala campus is situated near Alipur Chowk G.T road. It has different branches in different cities as well but we are going to take only the Gujranwala campus. University of Gujrat This university was established in 2003 by chief minister Ch. Pervaiz Elahi in Gujrat. This university covers many areas in the region; the cities attached to these universities are Wazirabad, Gujranwala, Kharian and Gujrat itself. This university is going forward in every field of study. It has also a wide area in which university is built.University of SargodhaUniversity of Sargodha was established in 2002. Actually it was upgraded in 2002 from college to university. They struggle too much for the betterment of the study level in the university. At start it was a school and then college and then starts the graduates and post graduates classes also named as mini university. And now they have open different campuses in different cities. The survey will be conducted only in Gujranwala Campus.Purpose of this ProjectWe are doing this project to know the satisfaction level of the students of these universities. To know that how much they are satisfied with their university.

FRAME WORK

Independent VariablesDependent VariableSatisfaction level of StudentsUniversity PoliciesFee StructureUniversityInfrastructureTeaching Pathology

VARIABLES

Independent VariablesFee structureA fixed sum charged, as by an institution or by law, for a privilege: tuition feesUniversity InfrastructureInfrastructureis basic physical andorganizationalstructures needed for the operation of a societyorenterprise,or the services and facilities necessary for aneconomyto functionTeaching MethodologyThe way your teachers teaches you, their way of teachingUniversity policiesApolicyis a principle or protocol to guide decisions and achieve rational outcomes.Dependent VariableSatisfaction levelCustomer level of approval when comparing a products, perceived performance with his/her expectations

DESCRIPTIVE ANALYSIS

Descriptive statisticsis the discipline of quantitatively describing the main features of a collection ofdata.We have conducted the descriptive analysis on UOG, UOS and PU. In this respect, we formed questionnaires visited to these Universities took the sample size of 50 and conducted survey via questionnaires. We want to check the Satisfaction level of the students of these universities regarding University Fee structure, University Infrastructure, Teaching Methodology and University Policies. For this purpose we have applied various tools to analyze the data.The tools applied are:MeanThesample meanis theaverageand is computed as the sum of all the observed outcomes from the sample divided by the total number of events.Standard Deviation The variance and standard deviation describe how the data is spread out. If the data all lies close to the mean, then the standard deviation will be small, while if the data is spread out over a large range of values then itwill be large. Having outliers will increase the standard deviation.KurtosisKurtosis is the measure of the peak of a distribution, and indicates how high the distribution is around themean. The kurtosis of distributions is in one of three categories of classification: Mesokurtic Leptokurtic Platykurtic

Coefficient of variation (CV)The coefficient of variation (CV) refers to a statistical measure of the distribution of data points in a data series around the mean. It represents the ratio of the standard deviation to the mean. The coefficient of variation is a helpful statistic in comparing the degree of variation from one data series to the other, although the means are considerably different from each other. The higher the value of CV, the higher the dispersion in the variable.SkewnessSkew, orskewness, can be mathematically defined as the averaged cubed deviation from the mean divided by the standard deviation cubed. If the result of the computation is greater than zero, the distribution is positively skewed. If it's less than zero, it's negatively skewed and equal to zero means it's symmetric

UNIVERSITY OF GUJRATStudent Satisfaction1. Mean4.39

Standard Deviation0.857380919

Kurtosis0.041352366

Skewness-0.462200139

C.V0.195303171

InterpretationMeanIts value is 4.39 which is approx 4 and this concludes that satisfaction level of students of UOG is neutral. It means that the students are neither completely dissatisfied nor satisfied with the overall facilities provided by the university, opportunities of earnings and future security. Standard DeviationIts value is 0.8573 it means the data is not widely spread and it deviates little. It concludes that the ratio of outliers is less.KurtosisIts value is 0.041352366. So it is a leptokurtic distribution because the value of Kurtosis is positive. SkewnessIts value is -0.46 which is less than 0 it means that the data is negatively skewed.Co efficient of variation:Its value is 0.195.it means that the deviation in the data is 19.5%.it is generally expressed as a percentage.

Fee structure2. Mean4.246666667


Kurtosis0.550888694


C.V0.194096602

InterpretationMeanIts value is 4.24 which is approx 4 and this concludes that satisfaction level of students of UOG regarding fee structure is neutral. It means that the students are neither completely dissatisfied nor satisfied with the per semester fee, installment system and standard of educationStandard DeviationIts value is 0.824 it means the data is not widely spread and it deviates little. It concludes that the ratio of outliers is less.KurtosisIts value is 0.550888694. So it is a leptokurtic distribution because the value of Kurtosis is positive. SkewnessIts value is -0.38 which is less than 0 it means that the data is negatively skewed.Coefficient of variationIts value is 0.195.it means that the deviation in the data is 19.5%.it is generally expressed as a percentage.

University infrastructure3. Mean4.965


Kurtosis0.987798553


C.V0.133418042

InterpretationMeanIts value is 4.96 which is approx 5 and this concludes that most students of UOG agree upon the university infrastructure. It means that the students are satisfied with the university classrooms, university building, lab facilities and the parking facility provided by the university.Standard DeviationIts value is 0.66 it means the data is not widely spread and it deviates little. It concludes that the ratio of outliers is less. Because smaller the value of S.D the smaller the spreadness in the data.KurtosisIts value is 0.987798553. So it is a leptokurtic distribution because the value of Kurtosis is positive. SkewnessIts value is -0.610 which is less than 0 it means that the data is negatively skewed.Coefficient of variationIts value is 0.133.it means that the deviation in the data is 13.3% as it is generally expressed as a percentage.

Teaching Methodology4. Mean4.355


Kurtosis-0.771616546

Skewness0.262808377

C.V0.184139354

InterpretationMeanIts value is 4.35 which is approx 4 and this concludes that satisfaction level of students of UOG regarding teaching methodology is neutral. It means that the students are neither completely dissatisfied nor satisfied with the teaching methods, teachers availability, cooperative and qualified staff.Standard DeviationIts value is 0.80 it means the data is not widely spread and it deviates little. It concludes that the ratio of outliers is less. Because smaller the value of S.D the smaller the spreadness in the data.KurtosisIts value is -0.771616546. So it is a platykurtic distribution because the value of Kurtosis is negative.SkewnessIts value is 0.26 which is greater than 0 it means that the data is positively skewed.Coefficient of variationIts value is 0.18.it means that the deviation in the data is 18% as it is generally expressed as a percentage.

University policies5. Mean4.1


Kurtosis-0.06506459

Skewness0.554681978

C.V0.172465069

InterpretationMeanIts value is 4.1 which is approx 4 and this concludes that satisfaction level of students of UOG regarding university policies is neutral. It means that the students are neither completely dissatisfied nor satisfied with the adaptability, flexibility and clearly defined university policies.Standard DeviationIts value is 0.70 it means the data is not widely spread and it deviates little. It concludes that the ratio of outliers is less. Because smaller the value of S.D the smaller the spreadness in the data.KurtosisIts value is -0.06506459. So it is a platykurtic distribution because the value of Kurtosis is negative.SkewnessIts value is 0.55 which is greater than 0 it means that the data is positively skewed.Coefficient of variationIts value is 0.17.it means that the deviation in the data is 17% as it is generally expressed as a percentage.

PUNJAB UNIVERSITYStudent Satisfaction6. Mean5.39




C.V0.18532987

InterpretationMeanIts value is 5.39 which is approx 5 and this concludes that most students of PU are satisfied. . It means that they are satisfy with the overall facilities provided by the university, opportunities of earnings and secure future.Standard DeviationIts value is 0.99 it means the data is not widely spread and it deviates little. It concludes that the ratio of outliers is less.KurtosisIts value is -0.054284075. So it is a platykurtic distribution because the value of Kurtosis is negative.SkewnessIts value is -0.54which is less than 0 it means that the data is negatively skewed.Coefficient of variationIts value is 0.1853.it means that the deviation in the data is 18.5% as it is generally expressed as a percentage.



Kurtosis0.550888694


C.V0.194096602

InterpretationMeanIts value is 4.24 which is approx 4 and this concludes that satisfaction level of students of UOG is neutral. It means that the students are neither completely dissatisfied nor satisfied with the per semester fee, installment system and standard of educationStandard DeviationIts value is 0.824 it means the data is not widely spread and it deviates little. It concludes that the ratio of outliers is less.KurtosisIts value is 0.550888694. So it is a leptokurtic distribution because the value of Kurtosis is positive. SkewnessIts value is 0.38 which is greater than 0 it means that the data is positively skewed.Coefficient of variationIts value is 0.195.it means that the deviation in the data is 19.5% as it is generally expressed as a percentage.



Kurtosis0.660741165


C.V0.266076706

InterpretationMeanIts value is 4.63 which is approx 5 and this concludes that most students of PU are satisfied with the university infrastructure. It means that the students are satisfied with the university classrooms, university building, lab facilities and the parking facility provided by the university.Standard DeviationIts value is 1.2 it means the data is not widely spread and it deviates little. It concludes that the ratio of outliers is less. Because smaller the value of S.D the smaller the spreadness in the data.KurtosisIts value is 0.660741165. So it is a leptokurtic distribution because the value of Kurtosis is positive. SkewnessIts value is -0.676 which is less than 0 it means that the data is negatively skewed.Coefficient of variationIts value is 0.266.it means that the deviation in the data is 26.6% as it is generally expressed as a percentage.



Kurtosis-0.1902597

Skewness-0.5303867

C.V0.22113817

InterpretationMeanIts value is 5.33 which is approx 5 and this concludes that the students of UOG regarding teaching methodology are satisfied. It means that the students are satisfied with the teaching methods, teachers availability, cooperative and qualified teaching staff.Standard DeviationIts value is 1.17 it means the data is not widely spread and it deviates little. It concludes that the ratio of outliers is less. Because smaller the value of S.D the smaller the spreadness in the data.KurtosisIts value is -0.1902597. So it is a platykurtic distribution because the value of Kurtosis is negative.SkewnessIts value is -0.53 which is less than 0 it means that the data is negatively skewed.Coefficient of variationIts value is 0.22.it means that the deviation in the data is 22% as it is generally expressed as a percentage.

University policies10. Mean4.76



Skewness0.295342677

C.V0.220787205

InterpretationMeanIts value is 4.7 which is approx 5 and this concludes that students of UOG are satisfied regarding university policies. It means that the students are satisfied/agreed with the adaptability, flexibility and clearly defined university policies.Standard DeviationIts value is 1.05 it means the data is not widely spread and it deviates little. It concludes that the ratio of outliers is less. Because smaller the value of S.D the little the data spread.KurtosisIts value is -0.070335998. So it is a platykurtic distribution because the value of Kurtosis is negative.SkewnessIts value is 0.29 which is greater than 0 it means that the data is positively skewed.Coefficient of variationIts value is 0.22.it means that the deviation in the data is 22% as it is generally expressed as a percentage.

UNIVERSITY OF SARGODHAStudent Satisfaction11. Mean4.45



Skewness0.397073205

C.V0.207739633

InterpretationMeanIts value is 4.45 which is approx 4 and this concludes that satisfaction level of students of UOS is neutral. It means that the students are neither completely dissatisfied nor satisfied with the overall facilities provided by the university, opportunities of earnings and future security. Standard DeviationIts value is 0.92 it means the data is not widely spread and it deviates little. It concludes that the ratio of outliers is less.KurtosisIts value is -0.149429527. So it is a platykurtic distribution because the value of Kurtosis is negative.SkewnessIts value is 0.39 which is greater than 0 it means that the data is positively skewed.Co efficient of variation:Its value is 0.207.it means that the deviation in the data is 20.7% as it is generally expressed as a percentage.




Skewness-0.34146396

C.V0.364651975

InterpretationMeanIts value is 4.34 which is approx 4 and this concludes that satisfaction level of students of UOS is neutral. It means that the students are neither completely dissatisfied nor satisfied with the per semester fee, installment system and standard of educationStandard DeviationIts value is 1.58 it means the data is not widely spread and it deviates little. It concludes that the ratio of outliers is less.SkewnessIts value is -0.34 which is less than 0 it means that the data is negatively skewed.KurtosisIts value is -0.888134585. So it is a platykurtic distribution because the value of Kurtosis is negative.Coefficient of variationIts value is 0.364.it means that the deviation in the data is 36.4% as it is generally expressed as a percentage.





C.V0.271310478

InterpretationMeanIts value is 4.2 which is approx 4 and this concludes that satisfaction level of students of UOS regarding University infrastructure is neutral. It means that the students are satisfied with the university classrooms, university building, lab facilities and the parking facility provided by the university.Standard DeviationIts value is 1.13 it means the data is not widely spread and it deviates little. It concludes that the ratio of outliers is less. Because smaller the value of S.D the smaller the spreadness in the data.KurtosisIts value is -0.030595305. So it is a platykurtic distribution because the value of Kurtosis is negative.SkewnessIts value is -0.134 which is less than 0 it means that the data is negatively skewed.Co efficient of variation:Its value is 0.271.it means that the deviation in the data is 27.1% as it is generally expressed as a percentage.





C.V0.217402322

InterpretationMeanIts value is 4.98 which is approx 5 and this concludes that the students of UOS regarding teaching methodology are satisfied. It means that the students are satisfied with the teaching methods, teachers availability, cooperative and qualified teaching staff.Standard DeviationIts value is 1.08 it means the data is not widely spread and it deviates little. It concludes that the ratio of outliers is less. Because smaller the value of S.D the smaller the data spread.KurtosisIts value is -0.727643513. So it is a platykurtic distribution because the value of Kurtosis is negative.SkewnessIts value is -0.18 which is less than 0 it means that the data is negatively skewed.Coefficient of variationIts value is 0.217.it means that the deviation in the data is 21.7% as it is generally expressed as a percentage.

University Policies15. Mean4.28




C.V0.288973817

InterpretationMeanIts value is 4.28 which is approx 4 and this concludes that satisfaction level of students of UOS regarding university policies is neutral. It means that the students are neither completely dissatisfied nor satisfied with the adaptability, flexibility and clearly defined university policies.Standard DeviationIts value is 1.236 it means the data is not widely spread and it deviates little. It concludes that the ratio of outliers is less. Because smaller the value of S.D the smaller the data spread.KurtosisIts value is -0.434186245.Soit is a platykurtic distribution because the value of Kurtosis is negative.SkewnessIts value is -0.35 which is less than 0 it means that the data is negatively skewed.Coefficient of variation:Its value is 0.288.it means that the deviation in the data is 28.8% as it is generally expressed as a percentage.

COMPARISONComparison of student satisfaction16. UOGPUUOS

Mean4.395.394.45

Standard Deviation0.8573809190.9989279970.924441365

C.V0.190.180.20

ExplanationMean In the comparison of these three universities the most students of the Punjab University are more agreed regarding student satisfaction than the UOG and UOS that the students of Punjab university are more satisfied with the university as while studying in this university they are feeling satisfy with the overall opportunities provided by the university and also recommend others to join this university. Standard deviationThere is the highest deviation in the data of student satisfaction of P.U among all whereas actually the dispersion is not too much because a low standard deviation indicates that the data points tend to be very close to themean.C.VC.V is used for the performance evaluation between different variables. The lesser the value of C.V the more the satisfaction level. In this case the C.V of Punjab University is the least. So this concludes that the satisfaction level of the students of P.U is the highest of all.

Comparison of fee structure17. UOGPUUOS

Mean4.2466666674.8066666674.346666667


C.V0.190.300.36

ExplanationMean The students of Punjab University are more agreed regarding fee structure than the students of UOG and UOS. They agreed that they are getting the same standard of education as they are being charged.Whereas the students of UOG and UOS are neutral about the fee structure, they neither disagreed nor agreed in this regard. Standard deviationThere is highest deviation in the data relating to fee structure of UOS and there is least deviation in the data of UOG. The dispersion of data in PU is in middle while comparing the deviation of these three universities. C.VIn this case the C.V of UOG is the least. So this concludes that the satisfaction level of the students of UOG regarding fee structure is the highest of all.

Comparison of University infrastructure18. UOGPUUOS

Mean4.9654.6354.2


C.V0.130.260.27

ExplanationMean When we compare the infrastructure of these three universities, the students of UOG are more agreed than the students of PU and UOS that means that the students of UOG agreed that the university classrooms are up-to-date and its building attracts them.While the students of UOS are neutral about the infrastructure of the university, they are neither satisfied nor dissatisfied.Standard deviation There is highest deviation in the data relating to university infrastructure of PU that means that the data of PU regarding university infrastructure is more dispersed than the UOG and UOS.C.VIn this case the C.V of UOG is the least. So this concludes that the satisfaction level of the students of UOG regarding University infrastructure is the highest of all.

Comparison of teaching methodology19. UOGPUUOS

Mean4.3555.3354.985


C.V0.180.220.21

Explanation Mean The students of PU are more agreed that the teaching methodology is appropriate there and that the teachers are helpful and qualified. And the students of UOG are neutral about the teaching methodology. And of UOS are also agree but they are less agree than the PU.Standard deviationThere is highest deviation in the data relating to teaching methodology of PU and the least deviation is in the data of UOG and the dispersion of data of UOS is in the middle. C.VIn this case the C.V of UOG is the least. So this concludes that the consistency of the students of UOG regarding their opinion about teaching methodology is same i.e. neutral.

Comparison of University policies20. UOGPUUOS

Mean4.14.764.28


C.V0.170.220.28

Explanation MeanThe students of Punjab University are more agreed that the university policies are adequate and adaptable. And the students of UOG and UOS are neutral about the university policies. Standard deviationThere is highest deviation in the university policies data of UOS, means that the data of UOS regarding university policies is more dispersed than UOG and PU.C.VIn this case the C.V of UOG is the least. So this concludes that the consistency of the students of UOG regarding their opinion about University policies is same i.e. neutral.

ANOVA

In the first phase of project we did descriptive analysis of our data. Now we want to compare the different variables used in our data with each other. For this purpose we will run ANOVA on the data of Fee Structure, University Infrastructure, teaching Methodology, University Policies and Satisfaction level of Students of three Universities i.e. University of Gujrat, Punjab University and University of Sargodha.We will use the data already obtain through questionnaires. We had gathered the data relating to above mentioned variables of 50 samples each.Comparison of Fee StructureH0:1=2=3H1:12321. SUMMARY

GroupsCountSumAverageVariance

x1 UOG50212.33333334.2466666670.67941

X1 PU50240.33333334.8066666672.209025

X1 UOS50217.33333334.3466666672.51229

ANOVA

Source of VariationSSDfMSFP-valueF crit

Between Groups8.9224.462.4774450.0874571143.057620652

Within Groups264.63555561471.800241875

Total273.5555556149

Rejection of Ho if F > F critical. In our case F = 2.477 which is smaller than F critical i.e. 3.057.This result is insignificant. We can apply this result to our population based on the calculations. This result shows that the Fee Structure of students is same for all students of the three Universities. Therefore we can conclude that the mean of all students of University of Gujrat, Punjab University and University of Sargodha is same regarding fee structure. . It does not differs from one another which means that all students of the three Universities are equally satisfied regarding University infrastructureAlso P-value = 0.087 is greater than .05, which means dont reject the null hypothesis, and it means our result is insignificant.

Comparison of University InfrastructureH0:1=2=3H1:12322. SUMMARY


X2 UOG50248.254.9650.43880102

X2 PU50231.754.6351.520943878

X2 UOS502104.21.298469388

ANOVA


Between Groups14.722527.361256.7778691220.0015287113.057620652

Within Groups159.65251471.086071429

Total174.375149

Rejection of Ho if F > F critical. In our case F = 6.777 which is greater than F critical i.e. 3.057.The result is significant. We can apply this result to our population based on the calculations. This result shows that the University Infrastructure is different for all of the three Universities according to the data collected. Therefore we can conclude that the mean of all students of University of Gujrat, Punjab University and University of Sargodha is not same regarding University Infrastructure. It differs from one another which means that all students of the three Universities are not equally satisfied regarding University infrastructure.Also P-value = 0.001 is less than .05, which means reject the null hypothesis, and it means our result is significant.

Possibilities:1. 1 22. 2 33. 3 1Fisher LSD:23.For1 2Modulus0.33

SQT.value0.208429502

t Critical two-tail2.009575199

LSD0.418854757

Conclusion:Dont reject H0 as modulus is less than LSD. This result is insignificant. It means that the University Infrastructure for the University of Gujrat and Punjab University is same. It doesnt differ it means that the mean Satisfaction level of all students of the two Universities regarding University Infrastructure is same.For2 3Modulus0.435



LSD0.418854757

Conclusion: Reject H0 as modulus is greater than LSD. This result is significant. It means that the University Infrastructure for the Punjab University and University of Sargodha is not same. It differs it means that the mean Satisfaction level of all students of the two Universities regarding University Infrastructure is not same.For3 1Modulus0.765



LSD0.418854757

Conclusion:Reject H0 as modulus is greater than LSD. This result is significant. It means that the University Infrastructure for the University of Sargodha and University of Gujrat is not same. It differs it means that the mean Satisfaction level of all students of the two Universities regarding University Infrastructure is not same.Hence we can conclude that all the students of the two Universities i.e. University of Gujrat and Punjab University has same views regarding University Infrastructure provided to them, their mean satisfaction index regarding University Infrastructure is the same.

1=2This means the mean satisfaction index of students of these two Universities regarding University Infrastructure is same where as the mean satisfaction index of students of University of Sargodha regarding University Infrastructure is different from Punjab University and University of Gujrat.

Comparison of Teaching Methodology

H0:1=2=3H1:12324.SUMMARY


X3 UOG50217.754.3550.643086735

X3 PU50266.755.3351.391862245

X3 UOS50249.254.9851.174515306

ANOVA


Between Groups24.66333333212.3316666711.526845822.23742E-053.057620652

Within Groups157.263751471.069821429

Total181.9270833149

Rejection of Ho if F > F critical. In our case F = 11.526 which is greater than F critical i.e. 3.057.The result is significant. We can apply this result to our population based on the calculations. This result shows that the Teaching Methodology is different for all of the three Universities according to the data collected. Therefore we can conclude that the mean of all students of University of Gujrat, Punjab University and University of Sargodha is not same regarding Teaching Methodology. It differs from one another which means that all students of the three Universities are not equally satisfied regarding Teaching Methodology.Also P-value = -2.23 is less than .05, which means reject the null hypothesis, and it means our result is significant.

Possibilities:1. 1 22. 2 33. 3 1

Fisher LSD:25.For1 2Modulus0.98



LSD0.415709457

Conclusion:Reject H0 as modulus is greater than LSD. This result is significant. It means that the Teaching Methodology for the University of Gujrat and Punjab University is not same. It differ it means that the mean Satisfaction level of all students of the two Universities regarding Teaching Methodology is not same.

2 3Modulus0.35



LSD0.415709457

Conclusion:Dont reject H0 as modulus is less than LSD. This result is insignificant. It means that the Teaching Methodology for the Punjab University and University of Sargodha is same. It doesnt differ it means that the mean Satisfaction level of all students of the two Universities regarding Teaching Methodology is same.3 1Modulus0.63



LSD0.415709457

Conclusion:Reject H0 as modulus is greater than LSD. This result is significant. It means that the Teaching Methodology for the University of Sargodha and University of Gujrat is not same. It differ it means that the mean Satisfaction level of all students of the two Universities regarding Teaching Methodology is not same.Hence we can conclude that all the students of the two Universities i.e. Punjab University and University of Sargodha has same views regarding Teaching Methodology provided to them, their mean satisfaction index regarding Teaching Methodology is the same.2=3This means the mean satisfaction index of students of these two Universities regarding Teaching Methodology is same where as the mean satisfaction index of students of University of Gujrat regarding Teaching Methodology is different from Punjab University and University of Sargodha.

Comparison of University PoliciesH0:1=2=3H1:12326.SUMMARY


X4 UOG502054.10.5

X4 PU502384.761.104489796

X4 UOS502144.281.529693878

ANOVA


Between Groups11.6425.825.5708285850.0046550263.057620652

Within Groups153.5751471.044727891

Total165.215149

Rejection of Ho if F > F critical. In our case F = 5.570 which is greater than F critical i.e. 3.057.The result is significant. We can apply this result to our population based on the calculations. This result shows that the University Policies are different for all of the three Universities according to the data collected. Therefore we can conclude that the mean of all students of University of Gujrat, Punjab University and University of Sargodha is not same regarding University Policies. It differs from one another which means that all students of the three Universities are not equally satisfied regarding University Policies.Also P-value = 0.004 is less than .05, which means reject the null hypothesis, and it means our result is significant.

Possibilities:1. 1 22. 2 33. 3 1

Fisher LSD:27.For1 2Modulus0.66



LSD0.410805125

Conclusion:Reject H0 as modulus is greater than LSD. This result is significant. It means that the University policies for the University of Gujrat and Punjab University are not same. It differs it means that the mean Satisfaction level of all students of the two Universities regarding University policies is not same.

2 3Modulus0.48

SQT.value0.204424


LSD0.410805

Conclusion: Reject H0 as modulus is greater than LSD. This result is significant. It means that the University policies for the Punjab University and University of Sargodha are not same. It differs it means that the mean Satisfaction level of all students of the two Universities regarding University policies is not same

3 1Modulus0.18

SQT.value0.204424


LSD0.410805

Conclusion:Dont reject H0 as modulus is less than LSD. This result is insignificant. It means that the University policies for the University of Sargodha and University of Gujrat are same. It doesnt differ it means that the mean Satisfaction level of all students of the two Universities regarding University policies is same.

Hence we can conclude that all the students of the two Universities i.e. University of Gujrat and University of Sargodha has same views regarding University policies provided to them, their mean satisfaction index regarding University policies is the same.3=1This means the mean satisfaction index of students of these two Universities regarding University policies is same where as the mean satisfaction index of students of Punjab University regarding University policies is different from University of Gujrat and University of Sargodha.

Comparison of Satisfaction LevelH0:1=2=3H1:12328.SUMMARY


Y UOG50219.54.390.735102041

Y PU50269.55.390.997857143

Y UOS50222.54.450.854591837

ANOVA

Source of VariationSSdfMSFP-valueF crit

Between Groups31.45333333215.7266666718.23345698.43974E-083.057620652

Within Groups126.791470.862517007

Total158.2433333149

Rejection of Ho if F > F critical. In our case F = 18.233 which is greater than F critical i.e. 3.057.The result is significant. We can apply this result to our population based on the calculations. This result shows that the overall Satisfaction Level differs for all of the three Universities according to the data collected. Therefore we can conclude that the mean of all students of University of Gujrat, Punjab University and University of Sargodha is not same regarding Satisfaction level. It differs from one another which mean that overall satisfaction level of the students of the three Universities is not the same.

Also P-value = -8.43 is less than .05, which means reject the null hypothesis, and it means our result is significant. Possibilities:1. 1 22. 2 33. 3 1

Fisher LSD:29.For1 2Modulus1



LSD0.373265707

Conclusion:Reject H0 as modulus is greater than LSD. This result is significant. It means that the Satisfaction level for the students of University of Gujrat and Punjab University are not same. It differs it means that the overall mean Satisfaction level of all students of the two Universities is not same.2 3Modulus0.94



LSD0.373265707

Conclusion: Reject H0 as modulus is greater than LSD. This result is significant. It means that the Satisfaction level for the students of Punjab University and University of Sargodha are not same. It differs it means that the overall mean Satisfaction level of all students of the two Universities is not same

3 1Modulus0.06



LSD0.373265707

Conclusion:Dont reject H0 as modulus is less than LSD. This result is insignificant. It means that the Satisfaction level for the University of Sargodha and University of Gujrat are same. It doesnt differ it means that the overall mean Satisfaction level of all students of the two Universities is same.Hence we can conclude that all the students of the two Universities i.e. University of Gujrat and University of Sargodha has same views regarding Satisfaction level , their overall mean satisfaction index is the same.3=1This means the overall mean satisfaction index of students of these two Universities is same where as the overall mean satisfaction index of students of Punjab University is different from University of Gujrat and University of Sargodha.

GENERAL REGRESSION

Multiple regression analysis is used to test the effects of independent (predictor) variables on a single dependent (criterion) variable. Regression tests the deviation about the means, and all variables must be at least interval scaled. Computationally, regression analysis may be conducted using either a raw data matrix (respondents by variables) or a correlation matrix.

Regression analysis measures the degree of influence of the independent variables on a dependent variable. In the case of simple bivariate regression where there is a single independent variable, the dependent variable could be predicted from the independent variable by the simple equation: y = a + bx {where a is constant}

This could be extended to a multi-variable concept as follows:

y = a + bx1+ b2x2+ b3x3+ .. +bnxn

It should be noted that whether it be for a single variable or for multiple variables, the relationship predicted is always linear.So far we have applied some descriptive tools to analyze the data as well as the Anova. Now, in this part we want to analyze what type of relationship exist between Satisfaction level and other variables and how they affect the Satisfaction Level? Further well determine a regression equation to predict the Satisfaction level of those students. In other words well see how the change in independent variables i.e. Fee Structure, University Infrastructure, Teaching Methodology, and University Policies affect the dependent variable i.e. Satisfaction level.To pursue our purpose well use the data already obtained through questionnaires

GENERAL CORRELATION

The correlation measures the interdependence between two variables. Correlation is the degree of the co variation between the variables. It also determines that either there exists any relationship between variables or not.The correlation measures the strength of the linear relationship between numerical variables, for example, the height of men and their shoe size or height and weight. In these situations the goal is not to use one variable to predict another but to show the strength of the linear relationship that exists between the two numerical variables.The strength of linear association between two numerical variables in a population is determined by the correlation coefficient, , whose range is -1 to +1.A set of data can be positively correlated, negatively correlated or not correlated at all. As one set of values increases the other set tends to increase then it is called a positive correlation.As one set of values increases the other set tends to decrease then it is called a negative correlation.If the change in values of one set does not affect the values of the other, then the variables are said to have "no correlation" or zero correlation".Acausal relationbetween two events exists if the occurrence of the first causes the other. The first event is called the cause and the second event is called the effect. A correlation between two variables does not imply causation. On the other hand, if there is a causal relationship between two variables, they must be correlated.

UNIVERSITY OF GUJRATCORRELATION

Interpretation of CorrelationBetween Fee structure and Student satisfactionThe correlation coefficient of 0.46 which is approximately 0.5 for fee structure and student satisfaction of students of University of Gujrat indicates that fee structure and satisfaction of students are moderately strongly and positively correlated.Between University infrastructure and Student satisfactionThe correlation coefficient of 0.035 for university infrastructure and student satisfaction of students of University of Gujrat indicates that university infrastructure and satisfaction of students are very weakly and positively correlated.Between Teaching methodology and Student satisfactionThe correlation coefficient of 0.38 for teaching methodology and student satisfaction of students of University of Gujrat indicates that teaching methodology and satisfaction of students are very weakly and positively correlated.Between University policies and Student satisfactionThe correlation coefficient of 0.49 approximately 0.5 for university policies and student satisfaction of students of University of Gujrat indicates that university policies and satisfaction of students are moderately strongly and positively correlated.

30. TABLE FOR CORRELATION

X1X2X3X4Y

X11

X20.5020348961

X30.2636186580.3192059821

X40.3682399660.2935512150.320762571

Y0.4627185050.0357535670.3826028910.4939957511

REGRESSION ANALYSIS

Multiple Regression equation= a+b1x1+b2x2+b3x3+b4x4Where x1= fee structure, x2= University infrastructure, x3= Teaching methodology,x4= University policies = 1.83+0.47 x1-0.49 x2+0.29 x3+0.427 x4Interpretation of aa = 1.83It is the satisfaction level of students about the University of Gujrat that is shown by university students when there is no other variable involved upon which the satisfaction of students may depend. We predict that intercept of students satisfaction is 1.83 and it shows satisfaction of university students about their university when there are no such variables include like fee structure, university infrastructure, university policies and teaching methodology or when the worth of these variables is zero.

Interpretation of bThe value of b in regression model gives the change in y (dependent variable) due to change of one unit change in x (independent variable). b1 = 0.47x1b1 = 0.47(1)It is per unit change in fee structure that will result change in student satisfaction of students of University of Gujrat about their university. It means that if the fee structure would be made further supportive for students by one unit then the satisfaction level of students would be increased by 0.47.b2 = -0.49x2b2 = -0.49(1)It is per unit change in university infrastructure that will result change in student satisfaction of students of University of Gujrat about their university. It means that if the University infrastructure would be further improved by one unit then the satisfaction level of students would be decreased by 0.49.b3 = 0.29x3b3 = 0.29(1)It is per unit change in teaching methodology that will result change in student satisfaction of students of University of Gujrat about their university. It means that if the Teaching Methodolgy would be made further supportive for students by one unit then the satisfaction level of students would be increased by 0.29.

b4 = 0.427x4b4 = 0.427(1)It is per unit change in university policies that will result change in student satisfaction of students of University of Gujrat about their university. It means that if the University Policies would be made further supportive for students by one unit then the satisfaction level of students would be increased by 0.427.

31. Multiple Regression TableCoefficients

Intercept1.825851363

X10.471303509

X2-0.494316891

X30.290993768

X40.426752498

CONFIDENCE INTERVAL

Confidence Interval for b1InterpretationThus, we are 95% confident that if there is one unit change in (independent variable) fee structure the student satisfaction of the students of University of Gujrat lies between 0.19and 0.74.It means that by increasing one unit in Fee structure, satisfaction level of students would be increased by 0.19 units to 0.74 units.

Confidence Interval for b2InterpretationThus, we are 95% confident that if there is one unit change in (independent variable) university infrastructure the student satisfaction of the students of University of Gujrat is between -0.75 and -0.24. It means that by increasing one unit in University infrastructure, satisfaction level of students would be decreased by -0.75 units to -0.24 units.Confidence Interval for b3InterpretationThus, we are 95% confident that if there is one unit change in (independent variable) teaching methodology the student satisfaction of the students of University of Gujrat is between 0.036 and 0.545. It means that by increasing one unit in Teaching Methodology, satisfaction level of students would be increased by 0.036 units to 0.545 units.Confidence Interval for b4InterpretationThus, we are 95% confident that if there is one unit change in (independent variable) university policies the student satisfaction of the students of University of Gujrat is between 0.13 and 0.72. It means that by increasing one unit in University Policies, satisfaction level of students would be increased by 0.13 units to 0.72 units.

32. CONFIDENCE INTERVAL TABLECoefficientsLower 95%Upper 95%

X10.1989769390.743630079

X2-0.829887405-0.158746378

X30.0367174140.545270122

X40.1324561280.721048868

HYPOTHESIS TESTING ABOUT (BETA)Ho: B1 = 0H1: B1 > 0Rejection rule, reject Ho if p value is less than 0.05ConclusionAs the value of P is 0.001 which is less than 0.05 moreover the coefficient is also positive, so we reject H0 and we are in the favor of H1, which means our result is significant. It means that this result can be inferred to the population. It also means that the results shown by sample results are authentic and can be applied to the overall population.Ho: B2 = 0H1: B2 > 0Rejection rule, reject Ho if p value is less than 0.05

ConclusionAs the value of P is 0.004 which is less than 0.05 but the coefficient is negative, so we do not reject H0 and we are in the favor of H0, which means our result is insignificant. It also means that the results shown by sample results are not authentic and cannot be applied to the overall population.Ho: B3 = 0H1: B3 > 0Rejection rule, reject Ho if p value is less than 0.05ConclusionAs the value of P is 0.025 which is less than 0.05 moreover the coefficient is also positive, so we reject H0 and we are in the favor of H1, which means our result is significant. It also means that the results shown by sample results are authentic and can be applied to the overall population.Ho: B4 = 0H1: B4 > 0Rejection rule, reject Ho if p value is less than 0.05ConclusionAs the value of P is 0.005 which is less than 0.05 moreover the coefficient is also positive, so we reject H0 and we are in the favor of H1, which means our result is significant. It also means that the results shown by sample results are authentic and can be applied to the overall population.

33. TABLE FOR HYPOTHESIS TESTING ABOUT BETA.CoefficientsP-value

X10.4713035090.001106983

X2-0.4943168910.00480316

X30.2909937680.02583765

X40.4267524980.005443154

REGRESSION STATISTICSR SquareR2 = 0.47R2 = 47%InterpretationBy using regression equation we can minimize the error by 47%.Student satisfaction of the students of University of Gujrat is explained 47% by fee structure, university infrastructure, teaching methodology and university policies and remaining 53% student satisfaction is not explained by these factors, this may explained by other factors involved in student satisfaction. It also shows that the model is 47% best fitted.

Adjusted R2

R2 = 0.43R2 = 43%

ObjectiveThe objective of adjusted R2 is that it shows the coefficient of determination in real time, and cut down the overestimation which is done by R2 and adjust the regression model in real time.InterpretationIn real time by using regression equation we can minimize the error by 43%.In real time Student satisfaction of the students of University of Gujrat is explained 43% by fee structure, university infrastructure, teaching methodology and university policies and remaining 57% student satisfaction is not explained by these factors, this may explained by other factors involved in student satisfaction.34. TABLE OF REGRESSION STATISTICS

Regression Statistics

R Square0.474000847

Adjusted R Square0.427245366

Hypothesis Testing About R2

Ho: R2 = 0H1: R2 0

ConclusionRejection rule for Ho, if significance F < 0.05.As the value of significance F is -0.0000006. Hence we reject Ho and we are in the favor of H1. Which means our result is significant and it can be infer on the further population. Therefore, we can conclude that student satisfaction of the students of University of Gujrat is explained 47% by fee structure, university infrastructure, teaching methodology and university policies and remaining 53% student satisfaction is not explained by these factors, this may explained by other factors involved in student satisfaction.35. TABLEANOVA

DfSSMSFSignificance F

Regression417.073510494.26837762310.137867126.15246E-06

Residual4518.946489510.4210331

Total4936.02

PUNJAB UNIVERSITYCORRELATION

Interpretation of CorrelationBetween Fee structure and Student satisfactionThe correlation coefficient of 0.52 which is approximately 0.5 for fee structure and student satisfaction of students of Punjab University indicates that fee structure and satisfaction of students are moderately strongly and positively correlated.Between University infrastructure and Student satisfactionThe correlation coefficient of 0.41 for university infrastructure and student satisfaction of students of Punjab University indicates that university infrastructure and satisfaction of students are very weakly and positively correlated.Between Teaching methodology and Student satisfactionThe correlation coefficient of 0.54 for teaching methodology and student satisfaction of students of Punjab University indicates that teaching methodology and satisfaction of students are moderately strong and positively correlated.Between University policies and Student satisfactionThe correlation coefficient of 0.62 approximately 0.6 for university policies and student satisfaction of students of Punjab University indicates that university policies and satisfaction of students are very strongly and positively correlated.

36. TABLE FOR CORRELATIONX1X2X3X4Y

X11

X20.3912264191

X30.4033400860.431156961

X40.5717855160.4270278080.3922785311

Y0.5249055630.4160921780.549250620.6243535911

REGRESSION ANALYSIS

Multiple Regression equation= a+b1x1+b2x2+b3x3+b4x4Where x1= fee structure, x2= University infrastructure, x3= Teaching methodology,x4= University policies = 1.51+0.10 x1+0.04 x2+0.26 x3+0.37 x4Interpretation of aa = 1.51It is the satisfaction level of students about the Punjab University that is shown by university students when there is no other variable involved upon which the satisfaction of students may depend. We predict that intercept of students satisfaction is 1.51 and it shows satisfaction of university students about their university when there are no such variables include like fee structure, university infrastructure, university policies and teaching methodology or when the worth of these variables is zero.

Interpretation of bThe value of b in regression model gives the change in y (dependent variable) due to change of one unit change in x (independent variable). b1 = 0.10x1b1 = 0.10(1)It is per unit change in fee structure that will result change in student satisfaction of students of Punjab University about their university. It means that if the fee structure would be made further supportive for students by one unit then the satisfaction level of students would be increased by 0.10.b2 = 0.04x2b2 = 0.04(1)It is per unit change in university infrastructure that will result change in student satisfaction of students of Punjab University about their university. It means that if the University infrastructure would be further improved by one unit then the satisfaction level of students would be increased by 0.04.b3 = 0.26x3b3 = 0.26(1)It is per unit change in teaching methodology that will result change in student satisfaction of students of Punjab University about their university. It means that if the Teaching Methodolgy would be made further supportive for students by one unit then the satisfaction level of students would be increased by 0.26.

b4 = 0.37x4b4 = 0.37(1)It is per unit change in university policies that will result change in student satisfaction of students of Punjab University of about their university. It means that if the University Policies would be made further supportive for students by one unit then the satisfaction level of students would be increased by 0.37.

37. MULTIPLE REGRESSION TABLECoefficients


X10.10421191

X20.044598637

X30.262236934

X40.371351861

CONFIDENCE INTERVAL

Confidence Interval for b1InterpretationThus, we are 95% confident that if there is one unit change in (independent variable) fee structure the student satisfaction of the students of Punjab University lies between -0.07 and 0.28.It means that by increasing one unit in Fee structure, satisfaction level of students would be between - 0.07 units to 0.28 units.

Confidence Interval for b2Interpretation Thus, we are 95% confident that if there is one unit change in (independent variable) university infrastructure the student satisfaction of the students of Punjab University is between -0.15 and 0.24. It means that by increasing one unit in University infrastructure, satisfaction level of students would be between -0.15 units to 0.24 units.Confidence Interval for b3InterpretationThus, we are 95% confident that if there is one unit change in (independent variable) teaching methodology the student satisfaction of the students of Punjab University is between 0.05 and 0.46. It means that by increasing one unit in Teaching Methodology, satisfaction level of students would be increased by 0.05 units to 0.46 units.Confidence Interval for b4InterpretationThus, we are 95% confident that if there is one unit change in (independent variable) university policies the student satisfaction of the students of Punjab University is between 0.11 and 0.62. It means that by increasing one unit in University Policies, satisfaction level of students would be increased by 0.11 units to 0.62 units.38. CONFIDENCE INTERVAL TABLECoefficientsLower 95%Upper 95%

X1-0.073101210.281525029

X2-0.1539837440.243181018

X30.0563438320.468130036

X40.1181615520.624542169

HYPOTHESIS TESTING ABOUT (BETA)

Ho: B1 = 0H1: B1 > 0Rejection rule, reject Ho if p value is less than 0.05ConclusionAs the value of P is 0.24 which is greater than 0.05 regardless of the fact that the coefficient is positive, we do not reject H0 and we are not in the favor of H1, which means our result is insignificant. It means that this result cannot be inferred to the population. It also means that the results shown by sample results are not authentic and cannot be applied to the overall population.Ho: B2 = 0H1: B2 > 0Rejection rule, reject Ho if p value is less than 0.05ConclusionAs the value of P is 0.65 which is greater than 0.05 and also the coefficient is negative, so we do not reject H0 and we are in the favor of H0, which means our result is insignificant. It also means that the results shown by sample results are not authentic and cannot be applied to the overall population.Ho: B3 = 0H1: B3 > 0Rejection rule, reject Ho if p value is less than 0.05

ConclusionAs the value of P is 0.013 which is less than 0.05 moreover the coefficient is also positive, so we reject H0 and we are in the favor of H1, which means our result is significant. It also means that the results shown by sample results are authentic and can be applied to the overall population.Ho: B4 = 0H1: B4 > 0Rejection rule, reject Ho if p value is less than 0.05ConclusionAs the value of P is 0.004 which is less than 0.05 moreover the coefficient is also positive, so we reject H0 and we are in the favor of H1, which means our result is significant. It also means that the results shown by sample results are authentic and can be applied to the overall population.

39. TABLE FOR HYPOTHESIS TESTING ABOUT BETA.

CoefficientsP-value

X10.104211910.242729448

X20.0445986370.653198959

X30.2622369340.013713261

X40.3713518610.004973179

REGRESSION STATISTICSR Square R2 = 0.51R2 = 51%InterpretationBy using regression equation we can minimize the error by 51%.Student satisfaction of the students of Punjab University is explained 51% by fee structure, university infrastructure, teaching methodology and university policies and remaining 49% student satisfaction is not explained by these factors, this may explained by other factors involved in student satisfaction. It also shows that the model is 51% best fitted.Adjusted R2

R2 = 0.47R2 = 47%ObjectiveThe objective of adjusted R2 is that it shows the coefficient of determination in real time, and cut down the overestimation which is done by R2 and adjust the regression model in real time.InterpretationIn real time by using regression equation we can minimize the error by 47%.In real time Student satisfaction of the students of Punjab University is explained 47% by fee structure, university infrastructure, teaching methodology and university policies and remaining 53% student satisfaction is not explained by these factors, this may explained by other factors involved in student satisfaction.

40. TABLE OF REGRESSION STATISTICSRegression Statistics

R Square0.518337357



Ho: R2 = 0H1: R2 0ConclusionRejection rule for Ho, if significance F < 0.05.As the value of significance F is -0.00000009. Hence we reject Ho and we are in the favor of H1. Which means our result is significant and it can be infer on the further population. Therefore, we can conclude that student satisfaction of the students of Punjab University is explained 51% by fee structure, university infrastructure, teaching methodology and university policies and remaining 49% student satisfaction is not explained by these factors, this may explained by other factors involved in student satisfaction.

41. TABLEANOVA

DfSSMSFSignificance F

Regression425.344105066.33602626512.106596499.20957E-07

Residual4523.550894940.523353221

Total4948.895

UNIVERSITY OF SARGODHACORRELATION

Interpretation of CorrelationBetween Fee structure and Student satisfactionThe correlation coefficient of 0.56 which is approximately 0.6 for fee structure and student satisfaction of students of University of Sargodha indicates that fee structure and satisfaction of students are moderately strongly and positively correlated.Between University infrastructure and Student satisfactionThe correlation coefficient of 0.32 for university infrastructure and student satisfaction of students of University of Sargodha indicates that university infrastructure and satisfaction of students are very weakly and positively correlated.Between Teaching methodology and Student satisfactionThe correlation coefficient of 0.65 for teaching methodology and student satisfaction of students of University of Sargodha indicates that teaching methodology and satisfaction of students are very strongly and positively correlated.Between University policies and Student satisfactionThe correlation coefficient of 0.52 approximately 0.5 for university policies and student satisfaction of students of University of Sargodha indicates that university policies and satisfaction of students are moderately strong and positively correlated.

42. TABLE FOR CORRELATIONX1X2X3X4Y

X11

X20.3195830581

X30.7010763030.5209713221

X40.562820060.3160385430.5703482171

Y0.5657100870.3208740410.6574480790.5200852921

REGRESSION ANALYSIS

Multiple Regression equation= a+b1x1+b2x2+b3x3+b4x4Where x1= fee structure, x2= University infrastructure, x3= Teaching methodology,x4= University policies = 1.60+0.08 x1-0.02 x2+0.39 x3+0.13 x4Interpretation of aa = 1.60It is the satisfaction level of students about the University of Sargodha that is shown by university students when there is no other variable involved upon which the satisfaction of students may depend. We predict that intercept of students satisfaction is 1.60 and it shows satisfaction of university students about their university when there are no such variables include like fee structure, university infrastructure, university policies and teaching methodology or when the worth of these variables is zero.

Interpretation of bThe value of b in regression model gives the change in y (dependent variable) due to change of one unit change in x (independent variable). b1 = 0.08x1b1 = 0.08(1)It is per unit change in fee structure that will result change in student satisfaction of students of University of Sargodha about their university. It means that if the fee structure would be made further supportive for students by one unit then the satisfaction level of students would be increased by 0.08.b2 = -0.02x2b2 = -0.02(1)It is per unit change in university infrastructure that will result change in student satisfaction of students of University of Sargodha about their university. It means that if the University infrastructure would be further improved by one unit then the satisfaction level of students would be decreased by 0.02.b3 = 0.39x3b3 = 0.39(1)It is per unit change in teaching methodology that will result change in student satisfaction of students of University of Sargodha about their university. It means that if the Teaching Methodology would be made further supportive for students by one unit then the satisfaction level of students would be increased by 0.39.

b4 = 0.13x4b4 = 0.13(1)It is per unit change in university policies that will result change in student satisfaction of students of University of Sargodha about their university. It means that if the University Policies would be made further supportive for students by one unit then the satisfaction level of students would be increased by 0.37.

43. MULTIPLE REGRESSION TABLECoefficients


X10.085126723

X2-0.02047256

X30.396906109

X40.134933979

CONFIDENCE INTERVAL

Confidence Interval for b1InterpretationThus, we are 95% confident that if there is one unit change in (independent variable) fee structure the student satisfaction of the students of University of Sargodha lies between -0.100 and 0.27.It means that by increasing one unit in Fee structure, satisfaction level of students would be between - 0.100 units to 0.27 units.

Confidence Interval for b2InterpretationThus, we are 95% confident that if there is one unit change in (independent variable) university infrastructure the student satisfaction of the students of University of Sargodha is between -0.22 and 0.18. It means that by increasing one unit in University infrastructure, satisfaction level of students would be between -0.22 units to 0.18 units.Confidence Interval for b3InterpretationThus, we are 95% confident that if there is one unit change in (independent variable) teaching methodology the student satisfaction of the students of University of Sargodha is between 0.09 and 0.69. It means that by increasing one unit in Teaching Methodology, satisfaction level of students would be increased by 0.09 units to 0.69 units.Confidence Interval for b4InterpretationThus, we are 95% confident that if there is one unit change in (independent variable) university policies the student satisfaction of the students of Punjab University is between -0.07 and 0.34. It means that by increasing one unit in University Policies, satisfaction level of students would be would be between -0.07 units to 0.34 units.

44. CONFIDENCE INTERVAL TABLECoefficientsLower 95%Upper 95%

X1-0.1009369480.271190393

X2-0.2282242180.187279097

X30.0974361980.69637602

X4-0.0715624870.341430445

HYPOTHESIS TESTING ABOUT (BETA)

Ho: B1 = 0H1: B1 > 0Rejection rule, reject Ho if p value is less than 0.05ConclusionAs the value of P is 0.36 which is greater than 0.05 regardless of the fact that the coefficient is positive, we do not reject H0 and we are not in the favor of H1, which means our result is insignificant. It means that this result cannot be inferred to the population. It also means that the results shown by sample results are not authentic and cannot be applied to the overall population.Ho: B2 = 0H1: B2 > 0Rejection rule, reject Ho if p value is less than 0.05ConclusionAs the value of P is 0.84 which is greater than 0.05 and also the coefficient is negative, so we do not reject H0 and we are in the favor of H0, which means our result is insignificant. It also means that the results shown by sample results are not authentic and cannot be applied to the overall population.

Ho: B3 = 0H1: B3 > 0Rejection rule, reject Ho if p value is less than 0.05

Conclusion As the value of P is 0.010 which is less than 0.05 moreover the coefficient is also positive, so we reject H0 and we are in the favor of H1, which means our result is significant. It also means that the results shown by sample results are authentic and can be applied to the overall population.Ho: B4 = 0H1: B4 > 0Rejection rule, reject Ho if p value is less than 0.05ConclusionAs the value of P is 0.194 which is greater than 0.05 regardless of the fact that the coefficient is positive, we do not reject H0 and we are not in the favor of H1, which means our result is insignificant. It also means that the results shown by sample results are authentic and can be applied to the overall population

45. TABLE FOR HYPOTHESIS TESTING ABOUT BETA.CoefficientsP-value

X10.0851267230.36171378

X2-0.020472560.843566133

X30.3969061090.010531599

X40.1349339790.194803908

REGRESSION STATISTICSR SquareR2 = 0.47R2 = 47%InterpretationBy using regression equation we can minimize the error by 47%.Student satisfaction of the students of University of Sargodha is explained 47% by fee structure, university infrastructure, teaching methodology and university policies and remaining 53% student satisfaction is not explained by these factors, this may explained by other factors involved in student satisfaction. It also shows that the model is 47% best fitted.Adjusted R2

R2 = 0.42R2 = 42%ObjectiveThe objective of adjusted R2 is that it shows the coefficient of determination in real time, and cut down the overestimation which is done by R2 and adjust the regression model in real time.InterpretationIn real time by using regression equation we can minimize the error by 42%.In real time Student satisfaction of the students of Punjab University of Sargodha is explained 42% by fee structure, university infrastructure, teaching methodology and university policies and remaining 58% student satisfaction is not explained by these factors, this may explained by other factors involved in student satisfaction.

46. TABLE OF REGRESSION STATISTICSRegression Statistics

R Square0.474275115



Ho: R2 = 0H1: R2 0ConclusionRejection rule for Ho, if significance F < 0.05.As the value of significance F is -0.0000006. Hence we reject Ho and we are in the favor of H1. Which means our result is significant and it can be infer on the further population. Therefore, we can conclude that student satisfaction of the students of University of Sargodha is explained 47% by fee structure, university infrastructure, teaching methodology and university policies and remaining 53% student satisfaction is not explained by these factors, this may explained by other factors involved in student satisfaction.

47. TABLEANOVA

dfSSMSFSignificance F

Regression419.860270424.96506760510.149025066.0839E-06

Residual4522.014729580.489216213

Total4941.875

APPENDICIESAppendix A (Questionnaire)We are student of BBA (Business administration) in GIFT University Gujranwala and doing research on Satisfaction level of students in Govt. Universities", for which the questionnaire is being distributed to collect the data. Therefore, you are kindly requested to fill this questionnaire. The information provided will be kept confidential and will be used for academic purpose only. It will take 5-10 min to complete the questionnaire. Thank you in anticipation.1=Strongly disagree, 2=Somewhat disagree, 3=Disagree, 4=Neutral, 5 =Agree, 6= Somewhat agree, 7= Strongly agree.

Fee structure: A fixed sum charged, as by an institution or by law, for a privilege: tuition fees

SDSWDDNASWASA

1I am satisfied with my per semester fee. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

2 Installment system suits me. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

3 I am getting the same standard of education as I am being charged. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

University Infrastructure: Infrastructureis basic physical andorganizationalstructures needed for the operation of a societyorenterprise,or the services and facilities necessary for aneconomyto function

4 University classrooms are up to-date.1 2 3 4 5 6 7

5 University building attracts me.1 2 3 4 5 6 7

6Lab facilities are according to requirements.1 2 3 4 5 6 7

7Parking facility is up to the standards.1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Teaching Methodology: The way your teachers teaches you, their way of teaching

8Teaching methods are appropriate.1 2 3 4 5 6 7

9 The teachers are available every time. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

10The teaching staff at university is helpful.1 2 3 4 5 6 7

11The teachers are highly qualified.1 2 3 4 5 6 7

University policies: Apolicyis a principle or protocol to guide decisions and achieve rational outcomes.

12 University policies are adaptable.1 2 3 4 5 6 7

13 University policies help groom us.1 2 3 4 5 6 7

15 University policies are flexible1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Satisfaction level: customer level of approval when comparing a products perceived performance with his or her expectations.

16I am satisfied with overall facilities provide by the university.1 2 3 4 5 6 7

17I will find a lot of opportunities of earnings in the near future.1 2 3 4 5 6 7

18I see my future secure.1 2 3 4 5 6 7

19I will recommend others to join this university.1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Gender Male Female

Name/ID

Age

Education Bachelors Masters other__________

UniversityUOG(Gujrat) Punjab university UOS(Sargodha)

APPENDIX B (UOG)X1X2X3X4Y

45.754.754.254.25

55.54.754.754.75

44.753.753.754

44.53.53.753.25

4.6666674.75545

6.3333335.255.565.75

4.3333334.7554.755.25

4.66666753.753.54

4.6666674.754.754.254.25

44.753.754.753.5

4.66666753.7545

453.53.754

4.33333353.53.754.25

56.253.753.53.5

5.6666675.565.56

4.3333335.255.54.253.75

4.6666675.754.255.255.25

4.3333336.2544.753.75

4.3333335.254.53.755.25

3.666667434.255.5

2.3333334.53.53.753.5

4.33333353.7554.75

4.66666764.53.53

34.755.54.754.75

2.6666675.254.253.252

2.66666732.753.54

5.3333335.7544.754

5.333333543.55

4.6666675.25433.75

4.3333335.55.55.54.75

4.3333334.253.753.755

3.3333333.553.753.75

4.6666675.53.53.754.25

55.755.53.755.25

5.33333353.54.755.5

4.3333335645.5

3.6666674.254.254.255.25

3.3333334.754.753.253.25

3.6666674.55.254.255.5

2.33333354.254.253.5

3.6666674.253.2532.5

4.3333334.54.53.755

4.66666753.7554.5

4.3333334.254.253.53.75

4.6666675.255.254.754.25

55.55.53.54.75

4.6666675.54.54.754.75

4.3333334.7552.754.75

35.254.53.754.75

3.6666673.53.53.54

APPENDIX C (PU)X1X2X3X4Y

53555.5

354.52.753

3.3333334.544.753.5

113.252.753

4.3333333.7554.254.5

5.6666675.56.254.255

63.5745

6.3333335.56.254.756.25

5.33333335.54.255

6.3333336666

4.6666674.55.53.55.25

4.3333334.756.254.755.75

6.3333335.755.55.56.25

75.256.254.55

54.564.755

5.6666674.55.2544.5

1.66666723.253.254.25

456.556.75

55.754.7556.5

4.66666754.54.56

4.3333334.754.754.55.25

6.333333664.756

25.55.53.253.5

62.52.55.254.25

554.55.55.25

55.254.55.755

25.52.544

6.333333665.756.25

4.666667545.55.5

5.6666672.7555.256

5.6666672.754.755.254.75

64.75755.75

5.66666743.53.55.75

4.6666674545

64.755.753.754.5

6.6666676.5776.5

77777

656.2557

55557

54.55.7555.5

4.6666674.5555.75

3.3333335.2543.54.25

33.254.2545.75

3.6666675.25776

35.56.753.255.5

5.66666775.55.56.25

6.33333356.756.756.75

4.6666673.255.7556.25

5566.55.25

1.3333333.5746

APPENDIX D (UOS)X1X2X3X4Y

25.53.252.753

5.3333335565.5

55.255.2555

5.33333346.2566.25

6.3333334.256.256.254.5

5.3333333.7541.753.25

44444.5

5.6666674.256.255.754

45.755.753.754

65.55.55.254

3.6666674.254.53.54.5

6.33333345.555.25

1.3333334.755.2554.75

1.3333332.252.753.753.25

1.3333332.252.753.253.25

3.6666674.754.255.253.75

1.6666672.253.251.252.5

23.755.2533.25

2.6666673.54.53.253.75

2.6666672.753.523.25

44.754.54.753.75

4.3333335.255.754.754.25

3.66666755.7544

6.3333333.756.56.255.5

6.33333335.755.755

6.333333455.54

5.3333336.256.54.56.25

5.3333336.255.54.755.5

33.254.754.55

33.254.253.254.5

5.33333345.554.25

43.754.254.254.5

4.3333333.254.752.753.5

55.256.54.254.25

4.6666673.54.752.54.25

24.253.52.753.75

55.254.253.53.75

2.6666675.55.254.755.5

5.6666675.56.756.254

6.33333346.54.755.25

53.254.2564.5

4.3333331.544.254.5

424.254.54.75

6.6666676.756.55.56

3.6666674.253.753.54.25

44.254.7534

2.6666674.254.254.754.25

6.6666674.55.754.55.75

6.6666674.55.54.55.5

5.3333334736.75

CONCLUSION & CRUX OF STUDY

We have applied various tools to analyze the data. First of all we applied descriptive statistics, then ANOVA and in the end we checked the effect of independent variables on dependent variables and developed a regression equation to predict Student Satisfaction.In the end of our project we can conclude that in the comparison of these three universities the students of the Punjab University are more agreed regarding student satisfaction than the students of UOG and UOS .it means that that the satisfaction level of students of P U is the highest of all because all the variables being tested in this research showed the most positive results for P U. The students of P U are not only satisfied with the Fee Structure but also they very much satisfied with the University Infrastructure, Teaching Methodology and the University Policies. These students do believe that they are getting the same standard of education as they are being charged, they do believe university classrooms are up-to-date and its building attracts them, they showed positive views regarding teaching methodology as they are of the opinion that it is appropriate there and that the teachers are helpful and qualified, and last but not the least they strongly believe that the university policies are adequate and adaptable and they are satisfied with the overall opportunities provided by the university and will also recommend others to join this university.Whereas the students of UOG and UOS showed neutral attitude when the same question were put in to discussion with them through the obvious mode of questionnaire, except for the University Infrastructure in which the student satisfaction of UOG was the highest among all the Universities as they do believe that university classrooms are up-to-date and its building attracts them. Other than that the students of both these universities were neither completely satisfied nor dissatisfied regarding the overall satisfaction level and the opportunities provided by the university.

CRUX In our study we have conducted a survey on the students of three different universities of Punjab. We have discussed different factors affecting the performance of students and teachers. We have used three important statistical tools for data analysis. The crux of the study in our case can be made about student satisfaction. We have already concluded that Punjab University is probably best for studies as compared to the other two universities. We have made this conclusion on the basis of the factor of student satisfaction in these universities. We have also discussed other factors in our study but we have noticed that student satisfaction has a large influence on the results of our analysis and therefore it can be considered as the crux of our study. Regarding this factor Punjab University has shown positive results as compared to the results of other two universities and hence these two universities need to take some important steps to satisfy their students in different matters.

SUGGESTION AND RECOMMENDATIOJNS

We are very glad to complete our research regarding UOG, PU and UOS. We have applied various tools to analyze the data. First of all we applied descriptive statistics, then ANOVA and in the end we checked the effect of independent variables on dependent variables and developed a regression equation to predict Student Satisfaction.Now we are in a condition to make some recommendations: UOG must also consider other factors affecting the Satisfaction of their respected students other than University infrastructure, they must develop a good system for their fee structure, hire competent and professional faculty and moreover revise their over all University policy in order to compete with other Government sector universities and more importantly to enhance the student satisfaction level. P U has got no such flaws as to address the issues regarding satisfaction level, but still nothing is perfect they are little bit on the back seat regarding their University Infrastructure in comparison with the UOG, the administration should address this issue to further enhance the student satisfaction, but most importantly they should not only retain those positives extracted by the result shown by the students, the administration should also polish them further and must change them according to the demand and need of the time. The administration of UOS must revise all the policies implemented at this particular time. Because the students did not even show a minor satisfaction in any of the variables considered by us in this particular research, most of the students were in the state of ambiguity. They were neither satisfied nor dissatisfied. This is the reason the results shown were vey much ambiguous, so our recommendation towards the university administration is that they should revise each and everything from fee structure to University policies in order to competitive and most importantly to enhance the satisfaction of their students.

full project of bqt sheikh shb (2)

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