full file at http://testbankcorner.euExam

Name___________________________________

MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.

1) Which statement is true regarding spirituality? 1)A) Spirituality is a comfort but not a sustaining power.B) The spiritual dimension is limited to certain beliefs.C) Spirituality means religion.D) In every human there seems to be a spiritual dimension.

Answer: DExplanation: A) Spirituality especially comes into focus as a sustaining power when the person

faces emotional stress, physical illness, or death.Cognitive Level: AnalysisClient Need: Psychological IntegrityNursing Process: Assessment

B) The spiritual dimension permeates all of life and integrates values and beliefs.Cognitive Level: AnalysisClient Need: Psychological IntegrityNursing Process: Assessment

C) Religion is related to, but not synonymous with, spirituality.Cognitive Level: AnalysisClient Need: Psychological IntegrityNursing Process: Assessment

D) In every human there seems to be a spiritual dimension, a quality that goes beyondreligious affiliation, which strives for inspiration, reverence, awe, meaning, andpurpose even in those who do not believe in any god.Cognitive Level: AnalysisClient Need: Psychological IntegrityNursing Process: Assessment

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full file at http://testbankcorner.eu2) The primary role of the parish nurse is: 2)

A) Personal spiritual guide. B) Friend.C) Integrator of faith and health. D) Home health nurse.

Answer: CExplanation: A) Personal spiritual guide is not one of the primary roles of a parish nurse.

Cognitive Level: ApplicationClient Need: Psychological IntegrityNursing Process: Planning

B) While a parish nurse often functions as a friend, it is not the primary function ofthe position.Cognitive Level: ApplicationClient Need: Psychological IntegrityNursing Process: Planning

C) Although there are many functions of a parish nurse, integrator of faith and healthis one of the most basic.Cognitive Level: ApplicationClient Need: Psychological IntegrityNursing Process: Planning

D) Parish nurses and home health nurses may work closely, but they do have differentfunctions.Cognitive Level: ApplicationClient Need: Psychological IntegrityNursing Process: Planning

3) Religion is defined on various levels. Which option is not a correct definition of religion? 3)A) A belief in a supernatural or divine force that has power over the universe and commands

worship and obedience to a supernatural forceB) SpiritualityC) A personal and institutional system of beliefsD) A comprehensive code of ethics or philosophy

Answer: BExplanation: A) The definition of religion includes a belief in a supernatural or divine force that

has power over the universe and commands worship and obedience to asupernatural force.Cognitive Level: AnalysisClient Need: Psychological IntegrityNursing Process: Assessment

B) Religion is related to, but not synonymous with, spirituality.Cognitive Level: AnalysisClient Need: Psychological IntegrityNursing Process: Assessment

C) The definition of religion includes a personal and institutional system of beliefs.Cognitive Level: AnalysisClient Need: Psychological IntegrityNursing Process: Assessment

D) The definition of religion includes a comprehensive code of ethics or philosophy.Cognitive Level: AnalysisClient Need: Psychological IntegrityNursing Process: Assessment

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full file at http://testbankcorner.eu4) Why might a study of world religions pose semantic difficulties? 4)

A) Because most religions do not have an ethical codeB) Because an expression in one religion may have no equivalent in another languageC) Because most religions are focused on what happens at deathD) Because concepts in different religions are so very different

Answer: BExplanation: A) Language in religion dictates what people think, how they act, and how their

religious beliefs are carried out, or their moral code.Cognitive Level: ApplicationClient Need: Psychological IntegrityNursing Process: Assessment

B) Studying world religions poses semantic difficulties. For example, an expression inthe Chinese-based religion of Confucianism may have no equivalent in theEnglish language.Cognitive Level: ApplicationClient Need: Psychological IntegrityNursing Process: Assessment

C) Each major religion has many characteristics including a world view; a basis ofauthority or source(s) of power; a portion of scripture or sacred word; an ethicalcode that defines right and wrong; a psychology and identity so that its adherentsfit into a group and the world is defined by the religion; aspirations orexpectations; and ideas about what follows death.Cognitive Level: ApplicationClient Need: Psychological IntegrityNursing Process: Assessment

D) Each major religion has many characteristics in common.Cognitive Level: ApplicationClient Need: Psychological IntegrityNursing Process: Assessment

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full file at http://testbankcorner.eu5) Which is the best example of how the ancient Chinese principle of yin-yang influences lifestyle and

health status in Taoism and Confucianism?5)

A) Yin is positive or masculine dry, hot, active, moving, and light.B) "If I am sick, I will get better."C) Yang is feminine or negative wet, cold, passive, restful, and empty.D) "If I am sick, I will probably not get better."

Answer: BExplanation: A) Yang is positive or masculine dry, hot, active, moving, and light.

Cognitive Level: AnalysisClient Need: Psychological IntegrityNursing Process: Assessment

B) "If I am sick, I will get better. Life is like going up and down a mountain;sometimes I feel good and sometimes I feel bad. That's the way it is."Cognitive Level: AnalysisClient Need: Psychological IntegrityNursing Process: Assessment

C) Yin is feminine or negative wet, cold, passive, restful, and empty.Cognitive Level: AnalysisClient Need: Psychological IntegrityNursing Process: Assessment

D) This statement is fatalistic in nature and is not an example of yin-yang.Cognitive Level: AnalysisClient Need: Psychological IntegrityNursing Process: Assessment

6) "There is no God but Allah; Mohammad or Muhammad is His Prophet" provides the key to whichmajor religion?

6)

A) Buddhism B) Jainism C) Confucianism D) Islamic MuslimAnswer: DExplanation: A) This statement is a summary of Buddhism.

Cognitive Level: AnalysisClient Need: Psychological IntegrityNursing Process: Planning

B) This statement is a summary of Jainism.Cognitive Level: AnalysisClient Need: Psychological IntegrityNursing Process: Planning

C) This statement is a summary of Confucianism.Cognitive Level: AnalysisClient Need: Psychological IntegrityNursing Process: Planning

D) This summarizes the Islamic religion. It is required that this is said once in life butexpected to be repeated by Muslims many times as an affirmation.Cognitive Level: AnalysisClient Need: Psychological IntegrityNursing Process: Planning

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full file at http://testbankcorner.eu7) Your role as a health care provider dealing with people professing many different types of religion

is:7)

A) To never acknowledging a belief system that seems illogical to you.B) That of astute client assessment, consultation with other professionals during intervention as

appropriate, and community educator.C) To evangelize as needed.D) That of confrontation about folk and scientific belief systems even if such a confrontation

might appear to be a rejection of the person.Answer: BExplanation: A) Acknowledge a belief system, even if it seems illogical to you. Related practices

may provide physical or emotional comfort.Cognitive Level: ApplicationClient Need: Psychological IntegrityNursing Process: Planning

B) These actions represent correct and professional behaviors.Cognitive Level: ApplicationClient Need: Psychological IntegrityNursing Process: Planning

C) Do not evangelize, overwhelm, or antagonize.Cognitive Level: ApplicationClient Need: Psychological IntegrityNursing Process: Planning

D) Avoid confrontation about folk and scientific belief systems and apparent rejectionof the person.Cognitive Level: ApplicationClient Need: Psychological IntegrityNursing Process: Planning

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full file at http://testbankcorner.eu8) According to actuarial predictions, what is the value of church attendance? 8)

A) Church attendance, if positive, has been reported to add 7 years to the Caucasian's lifespanand 14 years to the life of African Americans.

B) There are no actuarial predictions.C) Church attendance, if positive, has been reported to add 2 years to the Caucasian's lifespan

and 2 years to the life of African Americans.D) Church attendance has been reported to take away 7 years from the Caucasian's lifespan and

14 years from the life of African Americans.Answer: AExplanation: A) Church attendance, if positive, has been reported to add 7 years to the Caucasian's

lifespan and 14 years to the life of African Americans, per actuarial predictions.Cognitive Level: ComprehensionClient Need: Psychological IntegrityNursing Process: Assessment

B) Actuarial studies and predictions do exist.Cognitive Level: ComprehensionClient Need: Psychological IntegrityNursing Process: Assessment

C) This is a false statement. The correct figures are 7 years for Caucasians and 14 yearsfor African Americans.Cognitive Level: ComprehensionClient Need: Psychological IntegrityNursing Process: Assessment

D) This is a false statement. Research shows that church attendance adds years toindividuals' lives.Cognitive Level: ComprehensionClient Need: Psychological IntegrityNursing Process: Assessment

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full file at http://testbankcorner.eu9) What is neurotheology? 9)

A) The study of the proof of GodB) The study of the religions of the worldC) A subset of the study of biologyD) A field of research that examines the biological basis of spirituality

Answer: DExplanation: A) Neurotheology is not the study of the proof of God.

Cognitive Level: ComprehensionClient Need: Psychological IntegrityNursing Process: Assessment

B) Neurotheology is not the study of the religions of the world.Cognitive Level: ComprehensionClient Need: Psychological IntegrityNursing Process: Assessment

C) Neurotheology is not a subset of biology.Cognitive Level: ComprehensionClient Need: Psychological IntegrityNursing Process: Assessment

D) Neurotheology is a new field of research that examines the biological basis ofspirituality. Brain imaging techniques pinpoint brain activity when peoplemeditate, experience enlightenment, or have visions.Cognitive Level: ComprehensionClient Need: Psychological IntegrityNursing Process: Assessment

10) What two major religions represent the beta group? 10)A) Taoism and Shintoism B) Hinduism and JudaismC) Christianity and Judaism D) Buddhism and Hinduism

Answer: DExplanation: A) Taoism and Shintoism are in the gamma group.

Cognitive Level: EvaluationClient Need: Psychological IntegrityNursing Process: Planning

B) Hinduism and Judaism are not in the same group. Hinduism is in the beta group,and Judaism is in the alpha group. These two groups have many fundamentaldifferences.Cognitive Level: EvaluationClient Need: Psychological IntegrityNursing Process: Planning

C) Christianity and Judaism are in the alpha group.Cognitive Level: EvaluationClient Need: Psychological IntegrityNursing Process: Planning

D) The beta group includes Buddhism and Hinduism. These religions have their rootsin Indian soil.Cognitive Level: EvaluationClient Need: Psychological IntegrityNursing Process: Planning

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full file at http://testbankcorner.eu11) People of this major faith celebrate Christmas as Christ's birthday; Lent as a season of penitence

and self-examination preceding Good Friday, Christ's crucifixion day; and Easter, His Resurrectionday.

11)

A) Buddhism B) Judaism C) Muslim D) ChristianityAnswer: DExplanation: A) Buddhists do not celebrate these Christian holidays.

Cognitive Level: AnalysisClient Need: Psychological IntegrityNursing Process: Assessment

B) Jews do not celebrate these Christian holidays.Cognitive Level: AnalysisClient Need: Psychological IntegrityNursing Process: Assessment

C) Muslims do not celebrate these Christian holidays.Cognitive Level: AnalysisClient Need: Psychological IntegrityNursing Process: Assessment

D) These are the core celebrations of a Christian.Cognitive Level: AnalysisClient Need: Psychological IntegrityNursing Process: Assessment

12) Confucius's teaching makes use of five important terms. Which is not a term from the teaching ofConfucius?

12)

A) Jains B) Te C) Jen D) Chun-suiAnswer: AExplanation: A) Jains is a term referring to people of the Jainism religion.

Cognitive Level: AnalysisClient Need: Psychological IntegrityNursing Process: Planning

B) Te is a term of Confucius that means leading by virtuous character rather than byforce.Cognitive Level: AnalysisClient Need: Psychological IntegrityNursing Process: Planning

C) Jen is a term of Confucius that means a striving for goodness within.Cognitive Level: AnalysisClient Need: Psychological IntegrityNursing Process: Planning

D) Chun-sui is a term of Confucius that means establishing a gentlemanly orwomanly approach with others.Cognitive Level: AnalysisClient Need: Psychological IntegrityNursing Process: Planning

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full file at http://testbankcorner.eu13) What behavior should be avoided as a health care provider? 13)

A) Deal with your own negative reactions.B) Share personal experiences or beliefs freely.C) Respect the client as a person with spiritual needs who may or may not want them addressed

specifically.D) Take time to prepare yourself for encounters with the spiritual dimension through literature,

media programs, peer discussions, and following a plan.Answer: BExplanation: A) Deal with your own negative reactions. Some religious practices may cause you

dismay because of your medical background.Cognitive Level: ApplicationClient Need: Psychological IntegrityNursing Process: Planning

B) Be careful about sharing personal experiences or beliefs. It may be inappropriate.Cognitive Level: ApplicationClient Need: Psychological IntegrityNursing Process: Planning

C) Respecting your client as a person with spiritual needs who may or may not wantthem addressed specifically may be comforting. During illness or times of crisis, thespiritual dimension may become a major focus, even if it is suppressed in daily life.Cognitive Level: ApplicationClient Need: Psychological IntegrityNursing Process: Planning

D) Take time to prepare yourself for encounters with the spiritual dimension throughliterature, media programs, peer discussions, and following a plan to clarify yourbeliefs, either within or outside of a specific religious denomination.Cognitive Level: ApplicationClient Need: Psychological IntegrityNursing Process: Planning

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full file at http://testbankcorner.eu14) What do Christianity, Judaism, and Islam have in common? 14)

A) Adherents are interested in "being" rather than "doing."B) All have their roots in the Indian culture.C) All look inside themselves for answers: common sense rather than commands from God

determines good.D) All adhere to a Biblical revelation of a supernatural, monotheistic God.

Answer: DExplanation: A) People in these religions are considered "doers."

Cognitive Level: EvaluationClient Need: Psychological IntegrityNursing Process: Planning

B) These three faiths have their roots in three different cultures.Cognitive Level: EvaluationClient Need: Psychological IntegrityNursing Process: Planning

C) The philosophy of the beta group includes looking inside for answers: commonsense rather than commands from God determines good. These three faiths aremembers of the alpha group.Cognitive Level: EvaluationClient Need: Psychological IntegrityNursing Process: Planning

D) As a part of the alpha group, these three faiths all adhere to a Biblical revelation ofa supernatural, monotheistic God.Cognitive Level: EvaluationClient Need: Psychological IntegrityNursing Process: Planning

15) A client describes his religion in the following manner:"The most expressive and universal word ofGod is Om, or Aum, providing the most important auditory and visual symbol in Rama's religion.Om, or Aum, God, and Brahman are synonymous and mean a Consciousness or awareness ratherthan a personified being." What is his religion?

15)

A) Gautama B) Confucianism C) Buddhism D) HinduismAnswer: DExplanation: A) Gautama became the Buddha in Buddhism.

Cognitive Level: AnalysisClient Need: Psychological IntegrityNursing Process: Planning

B) Confucianism is an incorrect response.Cognitive Level: AnalysisClient Need: Psychological IntegrityNursing Process: Planning

C) Buddhism is an incorrect response.Cognitive Level: AnalysisClient Need: Psychological IntegrityNursing Process: Planning

D) These ideas are the basis of Hinduism.Cognitive Level: AnalysisClient Need: Psychological IntegrityNursing Process: Planning

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full file at http://testbankcorner.eu16) In research many themes indicate ways to foster spirituality. Which option does not? 16)

A) Gaining transcendence over the present situationB) Affirming others with love and quality interpersonal nurse-client relationshipsC) Enabling hopeD) Fostering separation from a concern for others

Answer: DExplanation: A) Gaining transcendence over the present situation is a theme for fostering

spirituality.Cognitive Level: AnalysisClient Need: Psychological IntegrityNursing Process: Assessment

B) Affirming others with love and quality interpersonal nurse-client relationships is atheme for fostering spirituality.Cognitive Level: AnalysisClient Need: Psychological IntegrityNursing Process: Assessment

C) Enabling hope is a theme for fostering spirituality.Cognitive Level: AnalysisClient Need: Psychological IntegrityNursing Process: Assessment

D) Fostering connectedness, not a separation from others, is a theme for fosteringspirituality.Cognitive Level: AnalysisClient Need: Psychological IntegrityNursing Process: Assessment

17) The rabbi is the spiritual leader of this major religion. 17)A) Catholicism B) Judaism C) Buddhism D) Christianity

Answer: BExplanation: A) The priest is the spiritual leader in Catholicism.

Cognitive Level: AnalysisClient Need: Psychological IntegrityNursing Process: Planning

B) The rabbi is the spiritual leader of Judaism.Cognitive Level: AnalysisClient Need: Psychological IntegrityNursing Process: Planning

C) The priest is the spiritual leader in Buddhism.Cognitive Level: AnalysisClient Need: Psychological IntegrityNursing Process: Planning

D) The pastor or preacher is the spiritual leader in the Christian faiths.Cognitive Level: AnalysisClient Need: Psychological IntegrityNursing Process: Planning

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full file at http://testbankcorner.eu18) According to a qualitative descriptive study with well adults ages 18 to 24 years, which option does

not indicate a strengthening spirituality?18)

A) Using personal resources to get through lifeB) Reaching out to others even if others do not respondC) Recognizing that God is everywhereD) Avoiding responsibility for personal life

Answer: DExplanation: A) The concept of "walking through" indicates a strengthening of spirituality, or using

personal resources to get through life.Cognitive Level: AnalysisClient Need: Psychological IntegrityNursing Process: Assessment

B) Connectedness is a strengthening of spirituality: relationships form with self,others, nature, universe and a Higher Power. The person reaches out to others evenif others do not respond.Cognitive Level: AnalysisClient Need: Psychological IntegrityNursing Process: Assessment

C) Recognizing the concept of Divine Providence indicates a strengthening ofspirituality. It involves recognizing there is an ever-present and benevolentguidance of a Higher Power; God is everywhere.Cognitive Level: AnalysisClient Need: Psychological IntegrityNursing Process: Assessment

D) Strengthening spirituality is demonstrated by having a deep commitment and thebeliefs that guide behavior, attitude, and existence; taking responsibility forpersonal life.Cognitive Level: AnalysisClient Need: Psychological IntegrityNursing Process: Assessment

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full file at http://testbankcorner.eu19) The Spirituality and Self-Transcendence in People with HIV/AIDS study concluded all of the

following except:19)

A) The person cannot be assumed to feel well when CD4 and viral loads are normal orimproving.

B) Health care providers need not assess patients who complain of fatigue, low energy, pain,depression and the consequent effect on meeting spiritual needs since clinical indicators ofimmune system function are accurate indictors of well-being and ability to participate in thespiritual dimension of life.

C) Energy level, pain, and depression may be interactive.D) Physiological needs must be met before the person can meet higher-level needs.

Answer: BExplanation: A) This is a correct statement.

Cognitive Level: ApplicationClient Need: Psychological IntegrityNursing Process: Assessment

B) Health care providers should assess patients who complain of fatigue, low energy,pain, depression, and the consequent effect on meeting spiritual needs sinceclinical indicators of immune system function are not accurate indictors ofwell-being and ability to participate in the spiritual dimension of life.Cognitive Level: ApplicationClient Need: Psychological IntegrityNursing Process: Assessment

C) This is a correct statement.Cognitive Level: ApplicationClient Need: Psychological IntegrityNursing Process: Assessment

D) This is a correct statement.Cognitive Level: ApplicationClient Need: Psychological IntegrityNursing Process: Assessment

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full file at http://testbankcorner.eu20) In this major world religion, the people observe the law and believe that their historical role as

God's chosen people brings hope for better days.20)

A) Eastern Orthodox Church B) JudaismC) Roman Catholic D) Protestantism

Answer: BExplanation: A) This statement does not describe the Eastern Orthodox Church.

Cognitive Level: AnalysisClient Need: Psychological IntegrityNursing Process: Assessment

B) Through the Jews' observance of the law, belief of their historical role as God'schosen people, and their hope for better days, they have survived seeminglyinsurmountable persecution.Cognitive Level: AnalysisClient Need: Psychological IntegrityNursing Process: Assessment

C) This statement does not describe the Roman Catholic faith.Cognitive Level: AnalysisClient Need: Psychological IntegrityNursing Process: Assessment

D) This statement does not describe the Protestantism movement.Cognitive Level: AnalysisClient Need: Psychological IntegrityNursing Process: Assessment

SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.

21) Discuss two of the meanings of healing. 21)Answer: A correct response will both list and discuss two of the following:

· Some will demand that God provide a quick and miraculous recovery.· Others will expect the process to occur through the work of the health team.· Still others combine God's touch, the health providers' skills, and their ownemotional and physical cooperation.· Some even consider death as the final form of healing.

Explanation: The health care provider must be sensitive to the different understandingsclients may have of the meaning of “healing”. A full understanding of the fullmeaning of this key term will lead to better understanding the client. The healthcare provider will be able to better administer care consistent with the client’sdefinition. Cognitive Level: ApplicationClient Need: Health Promotion and MaintenanceNursing Process: Implementation

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full file at http://testbankcorner.eu22) Using the acronym of HEALTH, describe the role of the parish nurse. 22)

Answer: H Health CounselorE Educator of wholistic healthA Advocate/resource personL Liaison to community servicesT Teacher of volunteers/support groupsH Healer in body, mind, and spirit

Explanation: An acceptable response will relate each letter in the word "health" to a functionof the parish nurse.Cognitive Level: ApplicationClient Need: Health Promotion and MaintenanceNursing Process: Implementation

23) Ideally, religion provides strength, an inner calm and faith with which to work throughlife's problems. Name and discuss two possible negative aspects of religion.

23)

Answer: A correct response will both list and discuss two negative aspects. The responsesmay come from the following:· To some, religion seems to add guilt, depression, and confusion.· Some may blame God for making them ill, for letting them suffer, or for nothealing them in a prescribed manner.· One Protestant believed she had made a contract with God: if she lived the bestChristian life she could, God would keep her relatively well and free from tragedy.When an incurable disease was diagnosed, she said. "What did I do to deserve this?"· Another Protestant took the opposite view of her contract with God. She said, "Iwasn't living as well as I should, and God knocked me down to let me know I wasbacksliding."· Other clients view disease as "something that happens to people."

Explanation: A full understanding of all aspects of religion and faith will lead to a moresensitive health care provider. Views of religion and faith are not alwaysconsidered to be positive by all clients. Cognitive Level: Application Client Need: Health Promotion and MaintenanceNursing Process: Implementation

TRUE/FALSE. Write 'T' if the statement is true and 'F' if the statement is false.

24) In the U.S., religion and spiritual involvement is as diverse as the cultures that make up thepopulations.

24)

Answer: True FalseExplanation: This is a true statement.

Cognitive Level: AnalysisClient Need: Health Promotion and MaintenanceNursing Process: Planning

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full file at http://testbankcorner.eu25) The practice of spiritualism's use of God or spirits as a form of help and healing is central to the

African-American experience.25)

Answer: True FalseExplanation: The practice of spiritualism's use of God or spirits as a form of help and healing is

central to the African-American experience. Spiritual powers are evident in the prayingto God or a Higher Power, the calling on of forces seen and unseen, the use of laying onof hands, and all other acts of spiritual beliefs.Cognitive Level: EvaluationClient Need: Health Promotion and MaintenanceNursing Process: Evaluation

MATCHING. Choose the item in column 2 that best matches each item in column 1.

Match the following.26) Voodoo

Answer: B

27) MormonsAnswer: A

28) AtheisticAnswer: C

29) New AgeAnswer: D

30) CultsAnswer: F

A) The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-DaySaints

B) A religious cult practice that dates back topre-slavery days in West Africa

C) Believe that God does not exist

D) Belief is pantheistic and does not dwell onsin or evil.

E) Turn wholly to spiritual means for healing

F) Members are expected to relinquish allfinancial assets and personal property tothe group.

G) The Society of Friends

26)

27)

28)

29)

30)

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full file at http://testbankcorner.euAnswer KeyTestname: C7

1) D2) C3) B4) B5) B6) D7) B8) A9) D

10) D11) D12) A13) B14) D15) D16) D17) B18) D19) B20) B21) A correct response will both list and discuss two of the following:

· Some will demand that God provide a quick and miraculous recovery.· Others will expect the process to occur through the work of the health team.· Still others combine God's touch, the health providers' skills, and their own emotional and physical cooperation.· Some even consider death as the final form of healing.

22) H Health CounselorE Educator of wholistic healthA Advocate/resource personL Liaison to community servicesT Teacher of volunteers/support groupsH Healer in body, mind, and spirit

23) A correct response will both list and discuss two negative aspects. The responses may come from the following:· To some, religion seems to add guilt, depression, and confusion.· Some may blame God for making them ill, for letting them suffer, or for not healing them in a prescribed manner.· One Protestant believed she had made a contract with God: if she lived the best Christian life she could, Godwould keep her relatively well and free from tragedy. When an incurable disease was diagnosed, she said. "What did Ido to deserve this?"· Another Protestant took the opposite view of her contract with God. She said, "I wasn't living as well as I should,and God knocked me down to let me know I was backsliding."· Other clients view disease as "something that happens to people."

24) TRUE25) TRUE26) B27) A28) C29) D30) F

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