full assignment bt11103

7/22/2019 full assignment bt11103

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]BOUMPVOZO DNAN_VON VN@NK

VFKHHA HE @]VOBMVV NBJ MFHBHDOFV

SPOBFOSAMV HE MBZPMSPMBM]PVKOS

SPHLMFZ ZOZAM73573

0. Duknddnj Pnkdnt @ob Lnbtnb @@>0>>36=76. Ndoaujjob @ob Zkndrob @@>0>>330=

:. Knsnb Mrnsanb @@>0>73555

=. Dhkj Vuirok Dhkj Inssod @@>0>>36:35. Phsobo Jmjobg @@>0>53;7:

7. Lmbmmemr Whbg Fkub _ob @@>0>>303>

;. Indnronk @obto Bnynb @@>0>>3000?. Vnskoinan N/S Vndujrnd @@>0>>3=03

>3. Pntkognn Vnbtknrnb @@>0>>3:;;


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Znàm he Fhbtmbts

OBZPHJ]FZOHB ................................................................................................................................ >

FKNSZMP > JMVFPOSZOHB HE ZKM OJMN NBJ E]PZKMP M[SANBNZOHB ................. 6

FKNSZMP 0 ZKM ZMFKBO^]MV ]VMJ ZH GMBMPNZM NBJ NBNA_VM ZKM OJMN ...... =

0.> Pmfhgbozobg Hpphrtuboty nbj Gmbmrntobg Ojmns ...................................................... =

0.>.> H`smrvobg Zrmbjs ......................................................................................................... =

0.>.0 Vhavobg tkm Srhàmd .................................................................................................... 5

0.>.6 Eobjobg Gnps ob tkm Dnrimtpanfm ............................................................................ 5

0.0. Emnsoòaoty Nbnaysos .............................................................................................................. 7

0.0.> Srhjuft/Vmrvofms Emnsoòaoty Nbnaysos................................................................... 7

o. Srhjuft/Vmrvofms Jmsornòaoty.......................................................................................... 7n. Fhbfmpt Zmst ...................................................................................................................... ;

oo. Srhjuft / Vmrvofm Jmdnbj................................................................................................ ;

n. @uyobg Obtmbtohb Vurvmy................................................................................................ ?

`. Fhbjuftobg Ao`rnry, Obtmrbmt nbj Gudskhm Pmsmnrfk ....................................... ?

0.0.0 Objustry / Znrgmt Dnrimt Emnsoòaoty Nbnaysos ....................................................... ?

0.0.6 Hrgnbozntohbna Emnsoòaoty Nbnaysos .......................................................................... >>

0.0.: Eobnbfona Emnsoòaoty Nbnaysos ..................................................................................... >6

0.0.:.> Fnpotna......................................................................................................................... >6

0.0.:.0 Fhst he Vnams ............................................................................................................. >6

0.0.:.6 Fhst Dnbngmdmbt nbj Njdobostrntohb ........................................................... >6

0.0.:.: Fhst he Vnams nbj Dnrimtobg............................................................................... >6

0.0.:.= Wngms nbj Vnanroms ............................................................................................... >:

0.6 Objustry nbj Fhdpmtothr Nbnaysos ............................................................................... >:

0.6.> Objustry Nbnaysos........................................................................................................ >:

Fknptmr 6 Zkm @usobmss Dhjma Fnbvns Mamdmbts............................................................ 03

6.> Imy Snrtbmrs..................................................................................................................... 03

6.0 Imy Nftovotoms ................................................................................................................... 03

6.6. Imy Pmshurfms ................................................................................................................. 0>

6.: Unaum Srmphsotohbs ......................................................................................................... 00

6.= Fusthdmr Pmantohbskops ............................................................................................... 00

6.5 Fusthdmr Vmgdmbts ...................................................................................................... 0:

6.5.> Dnrimtobg smgdmbt................................................................................................ 0:

6.7 Fknbbma .............................................................................................................................. 0=


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VDNPZ SOAAHW | @Z>>>36

> | S n g m

OBZPHJ]FZOHB

N grmnt ùsobmss ojmn os n stmp thwnrjs n suffmsseua mbtrmprmbmurs. Dnby mbtrmprmbmurs thjny

nfkomvmj tkmor suffmss erhd tkm ùsobmss ojmns tkmy knj nbj rmfhgbozmj tkm hpphrtuboty thstnrt n ùsobmss. Nb ojmn os jmeobmj ns tkm N tkhugkt hr fhaamftohb he tkhugkts tknt gmbmrntm

ob tkm dobj.

Ns ehr hur grhup, wmvm jhbm `rnobsthrdobg smssohb th gmbmrntm ojmns. Mnfk he us knj

govmb joeemrmbt iobj he ojmns. Zkmb, wmvm smamftmj tkm `mst ojmns tknt kns tkm phtmbtona th

mbtmr ob tkm dnrimtpanfm. Zkrhugk smamftobg, wmvm jhbm shdm nbnaysos th jmtmrdobm wkmtkmr

wm fnb prhfmmj ob jhobg usobmss hr bht. Zkmsm nbnaysos kmapmj us th knvm tkm jmmp ibhwamjgm

he tkm enfthrs tknt wm bmmj th fhbsojmr `mehrm ùoajobg n bmw ùsobmss. Vufk tkhsm enfthrs

dny neemft tkm pmrehrdnbfm nbj stnòaoty he tkm fhdpnby.

Ob tkos rmphrt, jmsfroptohb he tkm ùsobmss ojmn os eurtkmr mxpanobmj ob tkm eorst stmp.

Ehaahwmj `y jmvmahpobg suffmsseua ùsobmss ojmns usobg tmfkboqums sufk ns gmbmrntobg ojmns

nbj rmfhgbozobg hpphrtubotoms. Hbfm ojmn os smamftmj nbj ehrdmj, wm bmmj th ojmbtoey nbj

rmfhgbozm hpphrtubotoms hr rmfhgbozms n prhàmd hr nb hpphrtuboty gnp. Ob hur nbnaysos, wmvm

nàm th ojmbtoey tkm gnp ob tkm dnrimtpanfm `nsmj hb tkm trmbj tknt wmvm h`smrvmj. Zkmsm nrm

mfhbhdof ehrfms, shfona ehrfms, tmfkbhahgofna njvnbfms nbj phaotofna nbj rmguanthry fknbgms.

Zkrhugk tkos, wm wmrm nàm th ojmbtoey nb hpphrtubotoms nbj naahwmj us th smm wknts bmmjmjob pmhpams mvmryjny aovms nbj tkm prhàmd tknt hur fusthdmrs os enfobg thjny wkofk os sammpobg

prhàmd. Zkrhugk tknt, wmvm fndm up wotk tkm VDNPZ poaahw th euaeoa fusthdmrs bmmjs nbj

shavm tkmor prhàmds.

Bmxt, emnsoòaoty nbnaysos os nash `mobg jhbm ob hur nbnaysos th jmtmrdobm wkmtkmr tkm

ùsobmss ojmn os vonàm. Nb nssmssdmbt he hur ùsobmss ojmn kmapmj us th jmtmrdobm wkmtkmr

tkm ùsobmss kns tkm phtmbtona ob tkm dnrimtpanfm. Ob hrjmr th jh tkos, wm knj fhbjuftmj hur

smfhbjnry rmsmnrfk wkofk os erhd ao`rnry nbj obtmrbmt rmsmnrfk.

Srhjuft/ smrvofm emnsoòaoty nbnaysos os man`hrntmj eurtkmr ob tkm rmphrt wkofk fhbtnobs tkm

prhjuft/smrvofm jmsornòaoty. Objustry/tnrgmt dnrimt emnsoòaoty nbnaysos mbfhdpnssms tnrgmt

dnrimt tknt wm nrm tnrgmtobg sufk ns obshdbon pntombts, grhup he stujmbts, whrimrs, smbohr

fotozmbs. Dhrmhvmr, hrgnbozntohbna emnsoòaoty nbnaysos os nash `mobg jhbm ob tkos rmphrt ehr us th

ibhw wkmtkmr tkm prhphsmj ùsobmss kns sueeofombt dnbngmdmbt mxpmrtosm, hrgnbozntohbna

fhdpmtmbfm, nbj rmshurfms th suffmsseuaay anubfk hur ùsobmss. Anstay, tkm eobnbfona emnsoòaoty

nbnaysos th nssmss tkm ùsobmsss furrmbt nbj euturm eobnbfona pmrehrdnbfm wkofk nrm fhbsosts

he thtna stnrt up fnsk bmmjmj, eobnbfona pmrehrdnbfm he n sodoanr ùsobmss, nbj tkm hvmrnaa

nttrnftovmbmss he tkm prhphsmj vmbturm.
http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/collection.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/collection.html


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0 | S n g m

Ob njjotohb, Objustry nbj Fhdpmtothr nbnaysos os eurtkmr mxpanobmj hb objustroms

nffmssoòaoty nbj dnrimt tknt wmrm hpmrntobg wkofk ob Dnanyson. Wm knj nash fndm up wotk tkm

= ehrfms dhjma `nsmj hb hur prhjuft th ubjmrstnbj tkm strufturm he nb objustry nbj th `m

nàm th phsotohb hur fhdpnby thwnrjs tkm fknaambgms tknt wm woaa enfm pnrtofuanray tkrmnt he

bmw mbtrnbts nbj rovnary ndhbg mxostobg eords. Zkm fhdpmtothrs nbnaysos wkofk os frufona ehr

us th ojmbtoey hur fhdpmtothrs ob tkm objustry nbj th gnob fhdpmtotovm njvnbtngm ob hrjmr th

stnbj hut erhd tkhsm fhdpmtothrs. Anstay, tkm ùsobmss dhjma fnbvns wmrm `mobg put ob tkm

rmphrt.

Ob tkos whraj he ùsobmss, nb ojmn osbt lust mbhugk ehr yhu th `m suffmsseua ob ùsobmss.

Htkmr enfthrs skhuaj `m fhbsojmrmj ns wmaa `mehrm jmfojobg nbj prhfmmjobg n ùsobmss

vmbturms. Emnsoòaoty nbnaysos dust `m fhbjuftmj ùsobmss ns tkos woaa kmap yhu th rmvosm hr

odprhvm yhur ùsobmss ojmns `mehrm mstnàoskobg n ùsobmss.


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6 | S n g m

FKNSZMP > JMVFPOSZOHB HE ZKM OJMN NBJE]PZKMP M[SANBNZOHB

VDNPZ SOAAHW

Netmr shdm `rnobsthrdobg nbj josfussohb ndhbg >3 he hur tmnd dmd`mrs, hur grhup kns

fhdm wotk bmw obbhvntohb ojmn erhd tkm mxostobg prhjuft tknt kns ob hur dnrimt. Hur prhjuft

os fnaas VDNPZ SOAAHW. Zkos poaahw os joeemrmbt tknb tkm bhrdna poaahw, `mfnusm ot os n

duatoeubftohb poaahw. Zkm dhst nttrnftovm he hur prhjuft os tkos poaahw nrm mquoppmj wotk nanrd

fahfi, dnssngm systmd, @aumthhtk systmd nbj DS6 systmd. Wm jmfojm th obsmrt tknt systmd

`mfnusm wm wnbt hur prhjuft th m uboqum nbj nsm hb hur rmsmnrfk, Dnanyson stoaa bht prhjufm

tkos iobj he prhjuft sh ehr euturm dhrm aoimay tkos prhjuft knvm n aht he fknbfms th suffmss.

Zkm eubftohb hr spmfonaty he hur poaahw nrm< ot fnb fhbtrha `y htkmr mamftrhbof jmvofms

sufk ns dh`oam pkhbm nbj fhdputmr erhd fmrtnob jostnbfms wkofk nrm bht amss tknb =3 dmtmrs

ehrd tkm VDNPZ SOAAHW. Ehr mxndpam, hur prhjuft fnb `m fhbtrha `y tkm fhdputmr ehr tkm

eubftohb smt up tkm todm ehr nanrd fahfi, fhbtrha tkm spmmj hr dhjm he dnssngm systmd nbj

njj tkm dusof hr shbg obth tkm DS6 systmd. Naa he tkos eubftohb nrm fhbbmftmj `y @aumthhtk

systmd.

N`hvm os mxndpam he simtfk ehr hur prhjuft.


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VDNPZ SOAAHW os bht aoim n bhrdna poaahw ob tkm dnrimt. Zkos os `mfnusm, th dnim surm

mvmry`hjy hr usmrs fnb sammp mnsoay nbj wnim up hb tkm todm wm joj n aht he obbhvntohb. Netmr

shdm rmsmnrfk, hur prhjuft jmvofm eubftohbobg `y naahfntms n sdnaamr `nttmry wkofk os kogk

phwmreua fnpnfoty obsojm tkm poaahw. Wm jmfojmj th nppay n jormft ]V@ worm th suppay mamftrofoty

sh tknt, tkm jurntohb he `nttmry aoem dhrm ahbgmr , sh tkm usmr fnb hbay paug ob jurobg tkm todm

tkmy usm ot nbj hee oe bht usobg , sh tknt tkm `nttmry woaa ahbg anstobg. Zkm VDNPZ SOAAHW os

ghobg th `m jmsogb `y usobg n kogk qunaoty dntmrona.


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= | S n g m

FKNSZMP 0 ZKM ZMFKBO^]MV ]VMJ ZH GMBMPNZMNBJ NBNA_VM ZKM OJMN

0.> Pmfhgbozobg Hpphrtuboty nbj Gmbmrntobg Ojmns0.>.> H`smrvobg Zrmbjs

H`smrvobg trmbjs os tkm eorst npprhnfk th ojmbtoeyobg hpphrtubotoms nbj stujy khw tkmy frmntm

hpphrtubotoms ehr mbtrmprmbmurs th pursum. Zkm dhst odphrtnbt trmbjs nrm mfhbhdof trmbjs,

shfona trmbjs, tmfkbhahgofna njvnbfms, phaotofna nftohbs nbj rmguanthry fknbgms.

Zkm eorst he naa tkm os tkm mfhbhdof trmbjs wkofk jmtmrdobms tkm nrmns tknt nrm ropm ehr

bmw ùsobmssms ojmns ns wmaa ns nrmns th nvhoj. Ob tkos sdnrt poaahw ùsobmss, wkmb tkm

mfhbhdy os strhbg, tkm pmhpam knvm dhrm dhbmy th spmbj nbj nrm woaaobg th ùy tkm sdnrt

poaahws. Ob fhbtrnst, oe tkm mfhbhdof os wmni tkm pmhpam fnbbht neehrjnàm ùy tkm sdnrt

poaahws.

Zkm smfhbj os n`hut tkm shfona trmbjs. Zkm shfona trmbjs mxpanob tkm odpnft he tkm shfona

ehrfms hb tkm trmbjs nbj khw tkmy fnb neemft tkm prhjuft, smrvofm, nbj ùsobmss ojmns. Ot os n

eubjndmbtna pomfm he tkm hpphrtuboty rmfhgbotohb puzzam. Pmantmj th hur prhjuft, pmhpam prmemr

sdnrt poaahw `mfnusm ot os n duatoeubftohb poaahw. Zkm obshdbon pntombts fnb gmt tkm `mbmeot

erhd tkmsm eubftohbs. Zkmrm nrm bh htkmr dmtkhj mxfmpt hur prhjuft th kmap tkm obshdbon

pntombts th knvm mbhugk sammp wotk sdhhtk dnssngms htkmr tknb tkm dmjofobms. Bhwnjnys,

tkmrm nrm sh dnby pmhpam wkh nrm fhbfmrb n`hut tkmor kmnatk nbj wmaabmss nbj ot os immp hb

obfrmnsobg ymnray.

Bmxt, tkm tmfkbhahgofna njvnbfms ob tkm h`smrvobg trmbjs. Njvnbfms ob tkm tmfkbhahgoms

ermqumbtay jhvmtnoa wotk tkm mfhbhdof nbj tkm shfona fknbgms th frmntm hpphrtubotoms. Jum th

tkm njvnbfmdmbt ob tmfkbhahgy, pmhpam prmemr usobg ot ob tkmor mvmryjny aovms th jh tkobgs

mnsoay. Zkrhugk tknt, obtrhjufobg sdnrt poaahw os tkm rogkt todobg ehr pmhpam th `m nàm th dntfk

tkm furrmbt trmbj thjny mfnusm ot kns kogk tmfk nbj duato eubftohbs sufk ns nanrd fahfi, dp6,

@aumthhtk, nbj dnssngm. Zkmy fnb knvm naa tkhsm eubftohbs ob n > poaahw wotk ahts he `mbmeots.

Anstay, tkm phaotofna nftohb nbj rmguanthry fknbgms. Zkm phaotofna nbj rmguanthry fknbgms

prhvojm tkm `nsos ehr tkm hpphrtubotoms. Ehr mxndpam, sobfm dhrm pmhpam nrm dhrm fhbfmrb

n`hut tkmor kmnatk, tkm ghvmrbdmbt mbfhurngms nby fhdpnboms tknt prhjufms kmnatky

prhjufts. Ob Dnanyson, 73% he njuat pmhpam wkh fnbt sammp mnsoay jurobg bogkt todm. Vh tkmsm

fnb m tkm hpphrtubotoms th grn` tkm fknbfm th shavm tkmor prhàmds y prhjufobg rogkt prhjuft

tknt tkmy bmmj.


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5 | S n g m

0.>.0 Vhavobg tkm SrhàmdZkm smfhbj npprhnfk th ojmbtoeyobg hpphrtubotoms os wm bmmj th rmfhgbozm prhàmds nbj eobj

wnys th shavm tkmd. Zkos fnb `m rmfhgbozmj `y h`smrvobg tkm fknbgms tknt pmhpam mbfhubtmrob tkmor jnoay aoem. @nsmj hb ojmbtoeyobg hpphrtubotoms, ot woaa sodpay obvhavm bhtofobg n prhàmd

nbj eobjobg n wny th shavm ot, wkofk dmnb, wkmb hur prhjuft knvm `mmb dnrimtnàm nbj ot

knvm n prhàmd, wm ns nb mbtrmprmbmur skhuaj `m nàm eobj tkm shautohb ob njvnbfm. Njvnbfms

ob tmfkbhahgy hetmb rmsuat ob prhàmds ehr pmhpam wkh fnbt usm tkm tmfkbhahgy ob tkm wny ot

os shaj th tkm dnssms. Zkmrmehrm, hbfm wm dnim n prhjuft wm dust fhdm hut wotk tkm shautohb

oe shdmtkobg knppmbs th tkm prhjuft ob tkm euturm. Ehr mxndpam oe hur prhjuft VDNPZ SOAAHW

knvobg prhàmd wkmb wm tmstmj ot, wm skhuaj eobj wny khw th dnbngm nbj shavm tkm prhàmd

ns shhb ns phssoàm.

0.>.6 Eobjobg Gnps ob tkm DnrimtpanfmEobjobg gnps ob tkm dnrimtpanfm os tkm tkorj wnys hr shurfm th ojmbtoey hpphrtubotoms ob

dnrimtpanfm. Zkmrm nrm dnby mxndpam he prhjufts tknt fhbsudmrs bmmj hr wknt tknt nrmbt

nvnoanàm ob n pnrtofuanr ahfntohb hr nrmbt nvnoanàm nt naa. Zkos prhàmd os frmntmj `y anrgm

rmtnoamrs, wkofk fhdpmtm prodnroay hb profm nbj heemr tkm dhst phpuanr otmds tnrgmtmj thwnrj

dnobstrmnd fhbsudmr.

N fhddhb wny tknt gnps ob tkm dnrimtpanfm nrm rmfhgbozmj os wkmb pmhpam `mfhdm

erustrntmj mfnusm tkmy fnbt eobj n prhjuft hr smrvofm tknt tkmy bmmj nbj rmfhgbozm tknt htkmr

pmhpam emma tkm sndm wny. N rmantmj tmfkboqum ehr gmbmrntobg bmw ùsobmss ojmns os th tnim nb

mxostobg prhjuft hr smrvofm nbj frmntm n bmw fntmghry `y tnrgmtobg n fhdpamtmay joeemrmbt

tnrgmt dnrimt. Zkos nftohb, fnb obvhavms frmntobg n gnp nbj eoaaobg ot

Bmvmrtkmamss, ob hur sdnrt poaahw, wm wmrm nàm th euaeoa tkm gnp ob tkm dnrimtpanfm.

Wm nrm tkm hbay prhjufmr he tkm prhjuft wkofk sntoseoms fusthdmrs bmmjs. Fusthdmrs wkh nrmknvobg n prhàmd ob sammpobg nbj wniobg up mnray, fnb bhw sammp wnim up mnray. Hur sdnrt

poaahw fnb gmt ob naa panfm ob Dnanyson, mfnusm wm ght nb ngmbt ob naa stntm th jmaovmr hur sdnrt

poaahw. Vh, hur tnrgmt fusthdmr fnb try nbj smm tkm njvnbtngms nbj `mbmeot tknt tkmy fnb gmt

erhd tkm sdnrt poaahw. Hur sdnrt poaahw os suotnàm haj ehais nbj obshdbon pntombt, stujmbts,

nbj whrimrs tknt fnb usm tkm sdnrt poaahw `mfnusm ots rmnaay ghhj th usm ob hur jnoay sammp.

Zkus, wm ojmbtoeomj tkm gnp tkrhugk ojmbtoeyobg wknts bht nvnoanàm nbj tkm dnrimt.

Kmbfm, wm fndm up wotk n bmw prhjuft th euaeoaa tkm gnp.


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7 | S n g m

0.0. Emnsoòaoty Nbnaysos

0.0.> Srhjuft/Vmrvofms Emnsoòaoty Nbnaysos

Zkos nbnaysos os rmemrrobg th nb nssmssdmbt he tkm hvmrnaa nppmna he prhphsmj prhjuft nbj

smrvofms. Zkm dnob phobt he tkos nbnaysos os th dnim surm wknt prhspmftovm fusthdmrs wnbt

`mehrm jmvmahpobg tkm prhjuft/smrvofms. Vh, ot os bmfmssnry ehr dmmtobg fusthdmr rmquormdmbts

tknt fknbgm rnpojay wotk njvnbfobg tmfkbhahgy, mvhavobg fuaturna trmbjs, nbj mxpnbjobg

dnrimts. Zkmrm knvm twh fhdphbmbts ubjmr tkos nbnaysos wkofk os prhjuft/smrvofms jmsornòaoty

nbj prhjuft/smrvofms jmdnbj.

o. Srhjuft/Vmrvofms JmsornòaotyZkm eorst fhdphbmbt tknt fhbeord tkm prhphsmj he prhjuft hr smrvofms os jmsornàm nbj bmmjmj

ob tkm dnrimtpanfm. Vh, hur fhdpnby panbbobg th prhjufms tkm sdnrt poaahw wkofk os bmmjmj

th naa typm he fntmghroms, ùt hur fhdpnby tnrgmt dhrm hb tkm njuat pmhpam nbj obshdbon

pntombt. Bhwnjnys, pmhpam nrm dufk usomr hb tkmor jnoay nftovotoms ubtoa fnusms strmss, nbxomty,

jmprmssohb, josmnsm, pnob, dmjofntohbs, sammp joshrjmrs nbj phhr sammp knòts. Wm ahhi obth

tkm Dnanysonb jmdhgrnpkof, ot os skhws tknt 53% he phpuantohb wns rmphrtmj ob 03>0 knvobg

obshdbon sydpthds.

@mehrm hur fhdpnby fhbeord th smaaobg tkm poaahws, wm narmnjy jmtmrdobm tkm `nsofqumstohb tknt nppmna he tkm prhjuft. Hur fhdpnby `maomvm tknt n suotnàm nbj fhdehrt poaahw

dnim smbsm nbj rmnshbnàm th tkmsm obshdbon pmhpam `msojms fnb gmbmrntm prheot. Wm nash

prmjoft tknt tkm fusthdmr woaa emaa mxfotmj hb hur sdnrt poaahw `mfnusm ot fnb rmjufm tkmor

kmnatky prhàmd, emma ermsk mvmry dhrbobg, fkmnpmr nbj shet.

Hur fhdpnby nash jhobg tkm survmy `nsmj hb tkm mbvorhbdmbt trmbj h`smrvntohb wkofk

tkm dnrimtpanfm he smaaobg poaahw nrm dhrm ùt `mfnusm hur tnrgmt dnrimt os dhrm hb shavobg

tkm obshdbon pntombt prhàmd, sh tknt hur sdnrt poaahw stoaa fnb fhdpmtm wotk tkm htkmr poaahw

fhdpmtothrs. Zkm njvnbtngm he tkm sdnrt poaahw os tkm qunaotoms nrm gunrnbtmmj `mfnusm hur

fhdpnby prhvojms tkm poaahw erhd tkm pnrtbmr fhdpnby tknt narmnjy ibhw tkm `rnbj obth

wkham dnrimt. Zkm poaahw tknt wm suppay erhd hur pnrtbmrs woaa `m smaaobg ot obth tkm dnrimt

`y rmpanfm tkm hrogob `rnbj th hur fhdpnby `rnbj wkofk os sdnrt poaahw. Vh, tkmrm woaa bht

knvobg nby iobj he entna eanws ob tkm prhjuft.


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n. Fhbfmpt ZmstOt os rmemr th n fhbfmpt stntmdmbt tknt jostroùtmj th htkmr pmhpam wkh nrm nsimj th prhvojm

emmj`nfi nbj njvofm hb tkm phtmbtona he tkm ùsobmss ojmn. Zkm dnob purphsm he fhbfmpt tmst

os th dmnsurm tkm fusthdmr obtmrmst nbj woaaobgbmss th purfknsm hb tknt prhjuft/smrvofm. Zkm

emmj`nfis nrm vmry usmeua ns tkm suggmstohbs ehr tkm ojmn th strmbgtkmbmj hr twmnimj `mehrm

prhfmmj th eurtkmr. Eogurm > `mahw rmemrs th hur fhdpnby fhbfmpt stntmdmbt n`hut tkm sdnrt

poaahw.

@usobmss Fhbfmpt

Vdnrt Soaahws Obf.

Srhjuft

Vdnrt Soaahws Obf woaa smaa kmnatky, fhdehrt nbj fkmnp poaahw th hur tnrgmt dnrimt wkofk os

njuat nbj obshdbon pntombt.

Znrgmt Dnrimt

Vdnrt poaahws panbs th hpmb supmrdnrimt wkmrm `m ahfntmj bmnr th anrgm phpuantohb fotozmb

wotk njuat nbj obshdbon pntombt. Zkm tnrgmt dnrimt ehr hur fhdpnby os th tkm obshdbon

pmhpam.

Wky Vdnrt Soaahws8Vdnrt poaahw kns uboqum jmsogb nbj eubftohbs suotnàm ehr tkm fusthdmr wkh prmemr th wnim

up mnray nbj wnbt dhrm rmanxntohb msojm govm mxtrn mbmeots th sntosey tkm fusthdmr bmmjs

nbj wnbts.

Vpmfona Emnturm

N sdnrt poaahw kns n spmfona emnturm wkofk os jmsogb ob joeemrmbt vnromty th dmmt tkm fusthdmr

mxtrn fhdehrtnàm

Dnbngmdmbt Zmnd

Vdnrt Soaahws amj `y tkm pnrtbmrs fhdpnby wkofk os Nimdo Fhdpnby nbj @mutyPmstFhdpnby. Gmttobg tkm sknrm nbj suppay erhd tkm pnrtbmrs th gmbmrntm prheots nbj trust erhd

fusthdmr.

Eogurm >< Vdnrt Soaahws Fhbfmpt Vtntmdmbt

oo. Srhjuft / Vmrvofm JmdnbjZkm smfhbj fhdphbmbt he tkm eamxoòaoty nbnaysos wkofk os th jmtmrdobm tkm jmdnbj he tkmprhjuft/smrvofm y tkm fusthdmr hr tnrgmt dnrimt. Zkmrm nrm twh tmfkboqums th nssms ot< uyobg


12/34


? | S n g m

obtmbtohbs survmy nbj fhbjuftobg ao`rnry, obtmrbmt nbj gudskhm rmsmnrfk.

n. @uyobg Obtmbtohb VurvmyHur sdnrt poaahw prhjuft surm woaa `m gmttobg dhrm jmdnbj nffhrjobg th tkm tnrgmt dnrimtwkofk os obshdbon pmhpam nbj njuat pmhpam. Zkm emnturms he tkm sdnrt poaahw mxnftay nttrnft

tkm fusthdmr th jmdnbj dhrm qunbtoty he sdnrt poaahw ehr mxndpam fkmnp, fhbvmbombt,

fhdehrt, joeemrmbt jmsogbs, kmnatky nbj rmjufm tkm obshdbon prhàmd. Vh tknt, jhobg n sodpam

survmy th tkm fusthdmr fnb kmap th dmmt tkm bmmj wotk hur prhjuft jmsogb nbj gmttobg dhrm

suggmstohb hr obehrdntohb th odprhvm hur prhjuft. Erhd kmrm, pmrshbbma nssostnbt pany

odphrtnbt rham th spmni wotk tkmd nbj nttrnft tkmor obtmbtohb th ùy hur prhjuft.

`. Fhbjuftobg Ao`rnry, Obtmrbmt nbj Gudskhm PmsmnrfkHur sdnrt poaahws usobg tkm hbaobm dmtkhj th gmttobg tkm fusthdmr jmdnbj tkhugk tkm

www.sdnrtpoaahw.fhd wm`sotm. Fusthdmr fnb govm nby ubsntoseomj fhdpanobt n`hut tkm

prhjuft nbj `hhiobg smrvofm tkrhugk tkm wm`sotm. Wm nash jhobg njvmrtosmj tkrhugk

dngnzobms, obtmrbmt, tmamvosohb, phstmrs nbj bmwspnpmrs th obfrmnsm hur fusthdmr jmdnbj

nbj nttmbtohb.

0.0.0 Objustry / Znrgmt Dnrimt Emnso oaoty Nbnaysos

o. Obshdbon pntombtsHur fhdpnbys tnrgmt dnrimt nrm tkm obshdbon pntombts wkh nrm josruptmj ob sammpobg nt bogkt.

Obshdbon os n josmnsm ob wkofk nb objovojuna's knrj th `mgob th sammp (fhbsojmrmj tkm `mgobbobg

he obshdbon), Mnsy th sammp, tkmb whim up nbj fhuaj bht gh `nfi th sammp (fkrhbof obshdbon)

nbj Mnsy th sammp, ùt whim up mvmry khur nbj fnbbht sammp (erngdmbtmj sammp). Wm fkhhsm

th prhjufm tkos sdnrt poaahw `mfnusm stntostofs skhw tknt dnby pmhpam nrm bhw mxpmrombfobg

obshdbon. Hur prhjuft knvm poaahw-tmfk eubftohbs wkofk fnb rmjufm obshdbon wotk mxtrn

fhdehrtnàm th dnbuna nbj smamftmj kmr`s sh ns th rmjufm obshdbon. @mfnusm sammp kmnatkynbj qunaoty os odphrtnbt ehr tkm `hjy mspmfonaay tkm `rnob nbj htkmr hrgnbs ehr us th eubftohb

hptodnaay.

oo. Grhup he stujmbtsOb Dnanyson, tkmrm nrm dnby mjufntohbna obstotutohbs nbj sfkhhas. Ob tkos fnsm, tkmrm

nrm dnby ubovmrsoty stujmbts, fhaamgms, phaytmfkbofs nbj sfkhhas tknt wm fnb tnrgmt.

Zkm stujmbts usunaay knvm n aht he whri mspmfonaay ubovmrsoty stujmbts. Dhst stujmbts
http://www.smartpillow.com/http://www.smartpillow.com/http://www.smartpillow.com/


13/34


>3 | S n g m

sueemr erhd strmss nbj anfi he sammp jum th fhdpamtm nssogbdmbts nbj sh hb. Hur

fhdpnby kns prhphsmj n sdnrt poaahw wotk tkm tmfkbhahgy tknt kns tkm vo`rntm nanrd

fahfi nppaofntohb wkofk enfoaotntms tkm stujmbts th wnim up hb todm. Zkos tkobg fhuaj

shavm tkm prhàmd he stujmbts wkhs antm th gh th fanss hr nttmbj sfkhha.

ooo. Grhup he whrimrsHur fhdpnby os nash tnrgmtobg mdpahymm whrimrs wkh kns n kmnvy juty hr mdpahymms

nawnys spmbj todm ob tkm whripanfm. Vdnrt poaahw kns tkm kmnatk `mbmeots nbj qunaoty

dntmronas pnrtofuanray qunaoty en`rofs ehr fhdehrt.

ov. N grhup he haj pmhpamZkmrm nrm dnby majmray pmhpam ob Dnanyson wkh knj vnrohus josmnsms. Hur fhdpnby

heemrs n sdnrt poaahw wkofk kns njjotohbna fhdehrt th tkm usmr wkofk kns tkm

fknrnftmrostofs he n ghhj kmnatk fnrm th naa wnais he aoem. Majmray mspmfonaay bmmj n

fhdehrtnàm poaahw th nvhoj hbm lhobt hr kmnjnfkm. Hur poaahws knvm tkm fknrnftmrostofs

bmmjmj fhdehrt. Wm nash heemr tkmsm prhjufts th tkmor fkoajrmb th `mttmr npprmfontm

tkm pnrmbts th prhvojm fhdehrt th tkm pnrmbts th purfknsm hur sdnrt poaahw.

v. Grhup he pmhpam wkh prmemrs fhbvmbombfmSmhpam wkh nrm nawnys ahhiobg ehr tkm fhbvmbombfm nbj fhdehrt, wm bhw knvm

pmremftmj tkm prhjuftohb he sdnrt poaahw. Wotk kmnatk ots fknrnftmrostofs, mnsy wniobg

up nbj knvobg n jhuàm fhdehrt. Nppaofntohb nbj usm he DS6 Dnssngm os n kogkay

nffurntm nppaofntohb th tkm shfomty smmiobg fhdehrt wkmb sammpobg. DS6 usm kogkay

nppaofntohb prhvojms n enfoaoty ehr usmrs wkh wnbt th aostmb th shbgs wkoam sammpobg nash

emnturms nanrd fahfi nbj vo`rntm mvmry nppaofntohb th dnim ot mnsomr ehr tkm wmnrmr th

wnim up nt tkm rogkt todm.


14/34


>> | S n g m

0.0.6 Hrgnbozntohbna Emnso`oaoty Nbnaysos

Hrgnbozntohb Fknrt he Vdnrt Soaahw Obf.

FMH

Entodn Nbjrnjn _ushp

Dnbngobg Jormfthr

Duknddnj Pnkdnt@ob Lnbtnb

Mxmfutovm Jormfthr

Pntkognn Vnbtknrnb

Eobnbfona Dnbngmr

Vnskoinan n/pVndujrnd

Hpmrntohb Dnbngmr

Knsnb Mrnsanb

Kudnb Pmshurfm

Phsobo Jmjobg

Srhjuft JmvmahpdmbtDnbngmr

Dhkj \uirok @ob DhkjInssod

Nffhubtnbfy Dnbngmr

Lmbmmemr Whbg Fkub_ob

Su`aof Pmantohb

Ndoaujjob @ob Zkndrob

Dnrimtobg Dnbngmr

Indnronk @obto Bnynb


15/34


>0 | S n g m

@hnrj he Jormfthrs

Entodn Nbjrnjn _ushp (Fknordnb)

Vkm grnjuntmj erhd tkm ]bovmrsoty Dnanyn (]D), wotk n @nfkmahr he @usobmss (Khbs) Jmgrmm

ob @usobmss Dnbngmdmbt nbj Nffhubtnbfy. Vkm os rmnaay mxpmrombfmj ob amnjobg n fhdpnby.

@mehrm lhobobg Vdnrt Soaahw Obf., Vkm kns `mmb amnjobg n emw htkmr bmw stnrt-up fhdpnboms

nbj dnbngm th `robg tkhsm fhdpnby th tkm emma he suffmss. Vkm nash tkm dnob shurfms he

Vdnrt Soaahw fnpotna.

Pnkdnt Dnt (Dnbngobg Jormfthr)

Km os tkm ehubjmr he Vdnrt Soaahw `rnbj. Km wns npphobtmj ns tkm dnbngobg jormfthr `mfnusm

km os tkm ehubjmr he tkos prhjuft, htkmr tknb tknt km nash kns wojm mxpmrombfm rmantmj th tkos

prhjuft. @mehrm km ehubj tkos prhjuft, km kns mmb whriobg ns nb mbgobmmr ob smvmrna fhdpnby

nbj kns `mmb nwnrjmj wotk n emw nwnrj `mfnusm he kos mxfmaambfm pmrehrdnbfm. Km grnjuntmj

erhd ]bovmrsoty Fhaamgm Ahbjhb, Ahbjhb ]bovmrsoty nbj Nskrojgm Dnbngmdmbt Fhaamgm wotk

@nfkmahr he Vfombfm (Khbs) Jmgrmm ob mbgobmmr.

Vdnrt Soaahw Obf. Knvm n sueeofombt dnbngmdmbt mxpmrtosm, hrgnbozntohb fhdpmtmbfm,

nbj rmshurfms th suffmsseuaay anubfk hur hwb `rnbj. Ns knvm `mmb dmbtohb `mehrm hur `hnrj

he jormfthr knvm `mmb hb tkos objustry ehr sh dnby ymnr nbj gnob ahts he mxpmrombfm. Vdnrt

poaahw Obf. nash knvm n vmry trustwhrtky aobm he dnbngmr, mvmry dnbngmr tknt knvm `mmb korm

kns n whriobg mxpmrombfm ob tkmor hwb eomaj ehr sh dnby ymnr.

Wotk tkm mxpmrombfmj dnbngmr, tkmy fnb kmap tkm `rhnj he jormfthr th njdobostmrobg

tkm fhdpnby sh tkmy fnb dnbngm ot dhrm meeofombtay. Naa he tkos dnbngmr nash knvm rmnaay

mxtmbsovm prhemssohbna nbj shfona bmtwhri tknt fnb kmap tkos fhdpnby th rmnfk ghna. Ehr

mxndpam hur dnbngmr ob puàof rmantohb kns `mmb whri ns n puàoskmr, sh wotk tkos whriobg

mxpmrombfm km usmj th ibhw n aht he dmjon pmhpam wkofk os fnb kmap hur hrgnbozntohb th `m

wmaa ibhwb ob tkm euturm.

Zkm kudnb rmshurfms dnbngmr nash knvm n wojm mxpmrombfm n`hut smamftobg n rogktfnbjojntm th whri wotk hur hrgnbozntohb, tkos enfthr os rmnaay odphrtnbt `mfnusm, mdpahymm tknt

fnb whri ob kogk fhdpmtotovm objustry nbj fnb govm n `roaaonbt ojmn ob n sndm todm os rmnaay

odphrtnbt. Vkm nash, knvm mxpmrombfm n`hut trnobobg n bmw mdpahymm sh tkmy fnb fhpm wotk

fhdpnby vosohb nbj dossohb ob hrjmr th nfkomvm tkm fhdpnby ghna.

Mvmb tkhugk, naa he tkos dnbngmr knvm `mmb ehrdnt th eubftohb joeemrmbtay, ùt ob tkm

sndm todm, tkmy nash eubftohb ob n sndm wny wkofk os thwnrj tkm hrgnbozntohb ghna.


16/34


>6 | S n g m

0.0.: Eobnbfona Emnsoòaoty Nbnaysos

0.0.:.> Fnpotna

Fnpotna os vmry odphrtnbt th stnrt n ùsobmss nbj fnb `m n imy th n suffmsseua ùsobmss. Hurfhdpnby stnrtmj tkm ùsobmss ob tkm ehrd he smrvofms `y `hrrhwobg erhd `nbis ob tkm ndhubt

rmquormj ns hur fhdpnby's fnpotna rmshurfms. Zkm @nbi os tkm dnob shurfm he fnpotna ehr nb

hrgnbozntohb hr fhdpnby tknt wnbts th stnrt n bmw ùsobmss ob tkm dnrimt. Ob njjotohb th n

ahnb erhd tkm `nbi, mnfk dmd`mr he hur fhdpnby kns nash rmamnsmj n sud he dhbmy th `m n

shurfm he njjotohbna fnpotna th stnrt n ùsobmss he hur fhdpnby. Hur fhdpnboms bmmj fnpotna

th stnrt n ùsobmss he PD 0=3,333.33.

0.0.:.0 Fhst he Vnams

Fhst he snams obvhavmj ob tkm smrvofm he hur fhdpnby os tkm fhst he ùyobg tkm "sdnrt poaahw".

Eoboskmj ghhjs os n imy obgrmjombt th hur fhdpnby's smrvofms nrm shaj th fhbsudmrs. Ob

njjotohb, tkm skoppobg fhst os nash tkm fhsts obvhavmj ob hur fhdpnby's smrvofms. Vkoppobg os

nash jhbm `y tkm sndm fhdpnby wkofk tkm fhdpnby dnob prhjufm eoboskmj ghhjs he hur

fhdpnby smrvofms. Zhtna fhst ehr mnfk ubot os PD 6=.33 obfaujobg phstngm. Zhtna snams ehr tkm

ymnr th >3,333 ubots os PD 6=3,333.33. Wm woaa smaa PD ;3.33 pmr ubot nbj ght n snams rmvmbum

he PD ;33,333.33 oe >3,333 ubots wmrm shaj sdnrt poaahw.

0.0.:.6 Fhst Dnbngmdmbt nbj Njdobostrntohb

Ob njdobostrntovm mxpmbsms nbj dnbngmdmbt fhsts, vnrohus mxpmbsms obfurrmj `y hur fhdpnby

wkofk os tkm ùsobmss he obsurnbfm, aofmbsobg emms nbj pmrdots, rmbtna he prmdosms, tmampkhbm

òaas nbj naa shrts he htkmr mxpmbsms bmfmssnry ehr tkm hpmrntohb he tkm ùsobmss erhd jny th

jny. Fhsts wm bmmj th dnbngmdmbt nbj njdobostrntohb ndhubtmj th PD 03,333.33 pmr ymnr.

0.0.:.: Fhst he Vnams nbj Dnrimtobg

Mxpmbsms obfurrmj ob fhst he snams nbj dnrimtobg smrvofms he hur fhdpnby os tkm fhst th probt

prhdhtohbna `nbbmrs, njvmrtosobg, nbj tkm fhst he ùoajobg nbj dnobtnobobg tkm wm`sotm. Ehr

tkm fhst, wm usm n fhst he PD =,333.33.


17/34


>: | S n g m

0.0.:.= Wngms nbj Vnanroms

Ob wngm nbj snanry mxpmbjoturms th `m eobnbfmj spmbjobg dnby he wkofk nrm pnrt he mvmry

mdpahymm wngms, dmjofna fhsts, tkm Mdpahymms Srhvojmbt Eubj (MSE), VHFVH nbj `hbusms

ehr mnfk mdpahymm. Zhtna fhsts ehr wngms nbj snanroms os PD 53,333.33.

Jmsfroptohb Ndhubt ehr > ymnrs(PD)

Vtnrt ]p Fnsk 5;=,333.33

Mxpmbsms Objustry Nbnaysoso. Objustrys Nffmsso`oaoty

Ot rmnaostof ehr n bmw vmbturm th mbtmr tkm objustry he sdnrt poaahw ob Dnanyson. Dnanyson

os fhbsojmrmj ns hbm he tkm fhubtry wkofk os njvnbfm ob tmfkbhahgy. Vh, wm nrm ob tkm

rogkt panfm th prhjufm kogk tmfk prhjufts. Khwmvmr, sdnrt poaahw os stoaa bmw nbj knvm

n ahts he hpphrtuboty. Zkm prhjuft knvm n kogk jmdnbj, tkmrmehrm os n ghhj ojmn ehr n

bmw vmbturm th mbtmr tkm objustry wkoam tkm objustry fnb `m mnsoay mbtmr `y nby bmw

vmbturm.

oo. Objustry dnrimtZkos objustry os n ropm ehr obbhvntohb `ut ot stoaa bmw ob Dnanyson. Hur fhdpnby smm tkos

hpphrtuboty ob Dnanyson nbj tknt wky hur fhdpnby mbtmr tkos dnrimt ob Dnanyson. Wm

ns nb mbtrmprmbmur dust tnim njvnbtngm he mvmry hpphrtuboty tknt wm smm. Zkm


18/34


>= | S n g m

objustry dnrimt ob Dnanyson stoaa bmmjs obbhvntohb `mfnusm tkm poaahw objustry ob

Dnanyson os stoaa bmw.

ooo.

Shsotohb ob tkm objustry

Zkm mssmbfm he fhdpmtotovm strntmgy ehr n fhdpnby os th eobj n phsotohb ob ots objustry

wkmrm ot fnb `mst fhpm wotk tkmsm fhdpmtotovm ehrfms hr fnb obeaumbfm tkmd ob ots

envhur. Ibhwamjgm he tkm ubjmrayobg shurfms he fhdpmtotovm prmssurm fnb rmvmna tkm

`nsof nttrnftovmbmss he nb objustry, kogkaogkt tkm frotofna strmbgtks nbj wmnibmssms he

n fhdpnby, fanroey tkm nrmns wkmrm strntmgof fknbgms dny yomaj tkm grmntmst pnyhee

nbj pobphobt tkm objustry trmbjs tknt prhdosm tkm grmntmst sogboeofnbfm ns motkmr

hpphrtubotoms hr tkrmnts.

0.6.>.> Nssmssobg Objustry Nttrnftovmbmsso. Mbvorhbdmbtna Zrmbjs

Zkos prhjuft nrm `mbmeottobg ehr njuat `mfnusm bhw jnys dnby njuat knvm obshdbon

prh`amds nbj knvm n aht he joeeofuatoms th sammp. Hur prhjuft os duatoeubftohb nbj tkm

dnob eubftohb he hur prhjuft os ehr kmnatky prhjuft. Wkmrm hur prhjuft fnb trmntobshdbon josmnsm.

oo. @usobmss ZrmbjsZkm prheot dnrgob ob tkos objustry os obfrmnsobg ob Dnanyson `mfnusm tkos prhjuft os stoaa

bmw ob Dnanyson nbj prhjuft jmdnbj os obfrmnsobg. @mfnusm he hur prhjuft os n kmnatky

prhjuft, knvm kogk qunaotoms nbj neehrjn`am profm nbj hur prhjuft jmdnbj immp

obfrmnsobg.

ooo. Eovm Fhdpmtotovm Ehrfms Dhjma ehr Soaahw Objustry

n. Zkrmnt he su`stotutms.Zkmrm os bh tkrmnt he su`stotutms mfnusm tkos prhjuft os dufk fkmnpmr tknb th gmt

tkm trmntdmbts ehr tkm obshdbon pntombt. @mfnusm he hur prhjuft os n prhjuft tknt

woaa `m dnobay usmj `y tkm obshdbon pntombts, tkmrms bh tkrmnt he su`stotutms

`mfnusm tkm obshdbon pntombt woaa prmemr th hur prhjuft. Zkos os mfnusm hur prhjuft


19/34


>5 | S n g m

bht hbay usmj ehr trmntobg tkm obshdbon josmnsm ùt ot knvm tkm nbhtkmr eubftohb.

Bht th dmbtohb tknt tkm dmjofobm tknt usmj ehr trmntobg tkm obshdbon josmnsm os

dufk mxpmbsovm tknb hur prhjuft. Zkos os wky hur prhjuft woaa bht knvm n tkrmnt

he su`stotutms.

`. Zkrmnts he bmw mbtrnbtsBmw mbtrnbts th nb objustry fnb rnosm tkm amvma he fhdpmtotohb nbj wkmb tkm amvma

he fhdpmtotohb obfrmnsm tkmrm woaa `m shdm fknbgms tknt os dhrm nttrnftovm nbj

obbhvntovm prhjuft woaa `m prhjufm. Zkos os `mfnusm n fhdpnby woaa bht odprhvm oe

tkmrms bh fhdpmtothr. Ob tkos objustry, tkmrm os n kogk tkrmnt he n bmw mbtrnbt wkofk

os dmnbs tkmrm woaa m n fhdpmtothr ob tkm euturm motkmr ob n bmnr euturm hr n jostnbt

euturm. Zkos os nash dmnbs tknt n bmw fhdpmtothr fnb mnsoay mbtmr tkm objustry.

Zkmrm nrm kogk tkrmnts ehr n bmw mbtrnbts th mbtmr tkos objustry `mfnusm tkos

prhjuft knvm n kogk jmdnbj nbj tkm jmdnbj he tkos prhjuft immp obfrmnsobg

`mfnusm he tkm eubftohb he tkos prhjuft tknt usmj ehr obshdbon pmrshb. Zkos

prhjufts knvm n kogk prheotnòaoty tknt dnims n bmwfhdmr wnbt th mbtmr tkm

objustry. @mfnusm he tkm kogk jmdnbj nbj kogk prheotnòaoty dnby bmw fhdpnby

wnbt th mbtmr tkm objustry. Nash, n fhdpnby fnb mnsoay mbtmr tkm objustry nbj hut

he tkm objustry ots dnim n bmw mbtrnbts wnbt th mbtmr tkm objustry. Zkmrmehrm,

tkmrm os n kogk tkrmnts he n bmw mbtrnbts tknt mbtmr tkm objustry.

f. Povnary ndhbg mxostobg eordsOb dhst objustroms, tkm dnlhr jmtmrdobnbt he objustry prheotnòaoty os tkm amvma he

fhdpmtotohb ndhbg mxostobg eords. Vhdm objustroms nrm eomrfmay fhdpmtotovm, th tkm

phobt wkmrm profms nrm puskmj `mahw tkm amvma he fhsts, nbj objustry-wojm ahssms

hffur. Ob htkmr objustroms, fhdpmtotohb os dufk amss obtmbsm nbj profm fhdpmtotohb

os su`jumj. Hur prhjuft os stoaa bmw ob Dnanyson. Hur hbay rovnary os hbay wotk hur

pnrtbmrskop ehr tkm todm `mobg. Zkos os `mfnusm tkmy nrm tkm suppaomr ehr hur

prhjuft. Hur fhdpnby os tryobg th gmt prheotnòaoty nbj tkmb wm dnim ngrmmdmbt

wotk hur pnrtbmrskop th gmt n ahwmr profm nbj kogk qunaotoms.

j. @nrgnobobg phwmr he VuppaomsVuppaomrs fnb supprmss tkm prheotnòaoty he nb objustry th wkofk tkmy smaa `y rnosobg

profms hr rmjufobg tkm qunaotoms he tkm fhdphbmbts tkmy prhvojm. Ob tkos poaahw


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>7 | S n g m

objustry, tkmy nrm dnby suppaomrs ùt hur fhdpnby hbay knvm hbay twh suppaomrs

wkmrm hur fhdpnby dnim tkm twh suppaomr tknt os @mnuty Pmst Fhdpnby nbj Nimdo

Fhdpnby ns n pnrtbmrskop. @mfnusm he hur fhdpnby knvm twh suppaomrs wm jhbt

knvm dnby prhàmds wotk tkm `nrgnobobg phwmr he suppaoms.

o. Vuppaomr fhbfmbtrntohbOb tkm dnrimt Ob tkm dnrimt, wkmb tkmy nrm hbay n emw suppaomrs tknt suppay n

prhjuft hr smrvofms th n anrgm bud`mr he ùymrs, tkm suppaomr kns nb njvnbtngm ob

fhbtrhaaobg tkm dnrimt hr tkm profm. Ob tkos objustry, hur fhdpnby hbay knvm twh

suppaomr, tkmrmehrm hur fhdpnby dnim n pnrtbmrskop wotk tkm twh suppaomr. Zkos

dnims hur fhdpnby mnsy th gmt n prhjuft erhd tkm suppaomr. Zkmb, mfnusm he hur

fhdpnby knvm twh pnrtbmrskops ehr suppaomr nbj dnby suppaomrs ehr tkm objustry,

tkm suppaomr govm n ghhj profm nbj qunaotoms ehr tkm prhjuft tkmy prhvojm.

oo. Vwotfkobg fhstVwotfkobg fhsts nrm tkm eoxmj fhsts tknt ùymrs mbfhubtmr wkmb swotfkobg hr

fknbgobg erhd hbm suppaomr th nbhtkmr. Oe swotfkobg fhsts nrm kogk, n ùymr woaa `m

amss aoimay th swotfk suppaomrs. Ehr hur fhdpnby, `mfnusm he hur fhdpnbys

suppaomrs nrm hur ùsobmss pnrtbmrs ns wmaa. Wm knvm tkm fhbtrnft ob wkofk wm fnb

dnim nb ngrmmdmbt ehr tkm prhjuft nbj profm tkmy prhvojm. Vh, hur fhdpnby whbt

swotfk th nbhtkmr suppaomr ns wmaa ns hur dnbuenfturmr swotfk th nbhtkmr ùymr.

ooo. Nttrnftovmbmss he su`stotutmsVuppaomr phwmr os mbknbfmj oe tkmrm nrm bh nttrnftovm su`stotutms ehr tkm prhjuft hr

smrvofms tkm suppaomr heemrs. Ob tkos objustry, tkm su`stotutm ehr hur prhjuft ob tkm

dnrimt n dhrm mxpmbsovm tknb hur prhjuft. Zkmrmehrm, tkm suppaomr phwmr ehr hur

objustry os mbknbfmj.

ov. Zkrmnt he ehrwnrj obtmgrntohbZkm phwmr he n suppaomr os mbknbfmj oe tkmrm os n frmjoàm phssoòaoty tknt tkm suppaomr

dogkt mbtmr tkm uymrs objustry. Wkmb suppaomr tryobg th mbtmr tkm uymr objustry,

hur fhdpnby woaa fknbgm th htkmr suppaomr th immp hb usobmss hb tkm objustry nbj

`m n fhdpmtothr th tkm suppaomr tknt dogkt mbtmr tkm ùymr objustry.


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>; | S n g m

m. @nrgnobobg phwmr he ùymrs@uymr Shwmr os wkoam tkm ùymrs nrm erngdmbtmj, tkmor jodoboskobg `rnbj ahynaty

nbj nòaoty th swotfk ehr dhst prhjufts hr smrvofms th govms tkmd rmnshbnàm uyobg

phwmr. @uymrs fnb supprmss tkm prheotnòaoty he tkm objustroms erhd wkofk tkmy

purfknsm `y jmdnbjobg profm fhbfmssohbs hr obfrmnsms ob qunaoty. Ns ehr hur

fhdpnby, wm knvm tkm phwmr thwnrjs hur dnbuenfturmr `mfnusm tkmy nrm hur

pnrtbmrs ob ùsobmss nt tkm sndm todm wkh obvmsts ob hur fhdpnby.

o. @uymrs fhstZkm grmntmr tkm odphrtnbfm he nb otmd os th n ùymr, tkm dhrm smbsotovm tkm ùymr

woaa `m th tkm profm ot pnys. Ob hur smaaobg prhjuft, naa tkm pnfingms woaa `m

stnbjnrjozmj nbj tkm profm woaa surmay neehrjnàm `mfnusm hur prhjuft fnb trmntobshdbon josmnsm nbj tkm profm ehr hur prhjuft dufk fkmnpmr tknb tkm dmjofobm

th furm tkm obshdbon josmnsm. Vh, ùymr fhsts woaa bht `m tkm prhàmd ob hur

fhdpnby.

oo. Jmgrmm he stnbjnrjozntohb he suppaomrs prhjuftsZkm jmgrmm th wkofk n suppaomrs prhjuft joeemrs erhd ots fhdpmtothrs neemfts tkm

ùymrs `nrgnobobg phwmr. Mvmb tkhugk tkmrm nrm su`stotutms ehr hur prhjuft, ùt

ùymrs stoaa fkhhsm hur prhjuft `mfnusm hur prhjuft knvm qunaotoms nbj

duatoeubftohb nbj dufk fkmnpmr tknb tkm su`stotutms.

ooo. Zkrmnt he `nfiwnrj obtmgrntohbZkm phwmr he ùymrs os mbknbfmj oe tkmrm os n frmjoàm tkrmnt tknt tkm ùymr dogkt

mbtmr tkm suppaomrs objustry.

0.6.0 Fhdpmtothr Nbnaysos

Bmxt, netmr wm eobosk hur objustrona nbnaysos, bhw wm dhvm th tkm fhdpmtothr nbnaysos. Zkm

rmnshb wky wm bmmj th jh tkm fhdpmtothr nbnaysos os `mfnusm ns nb mbtrmprmbmur, wm bmmj th

knvm euaa ubjmrstnbjobg n`hut hur fhdpmtothrs ob hur tnrgmtmj objustry nbj nash smmi th eobj

hpphrtubotoms th gnob fhdpmtotovm njvnbtngm ob hrjmr th suffmsseuaay anubfk hur vmbturm.

Eorstay, th knvm `mttmr ibhwamjgm n`hut hur fhdpmtothrs, wm knvm th ojmbtoey wkh nrm

hur dnlhr fhdpmtothrs. Hur Jormft fhdpmtothr os tkm fhdpmtothr heemrobg ojmbtofna hr sodoanr

prhjufts. Ob hur objustry, hur fhdpnby jormft fhdpmtothr os hur pnrtbmrskop. Zkos os `mfnusm,

hur fhdpnby ùy prhjuft erhd hur pnrtbmrskop fhdpnby. Zkm suppaomr ehr hur prhjuft os n


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jormft fhdpmtothr ehr hur objustry `mfnusm tkmy nrm tkm suppaomr ehr hur prhjuft nbj `mfnusm

he tkos wm `mmb n jormft fhdpmtothr th tkmd `mfnusm oe tkmy mbtmr tkm dnrimt ns n smaamr tkmy

woaa `m n òg tkrmnts th hur fhdpnby.

Objormft fhdpmtothrs os n ùsobmssms tknt heemrobg fahsm su`stotutm prhjufts. Hur objormft

fhdpmtothr os n dmjofobm fhdpnby tknt dniobg obshdbon josmnsm dmjofobm. Ehr tkm todm mobg,

hur fhdpnby prhjuft os bht knvobg n prhàmd wotk tkm objormft fhdpmtothr. Zkos os `mfnusm hur

prhjuft os dufk fkmnpmr wkoam tkm objormft fhdpmtothr smaaobg tkm su`stotutms prhjuft dufk

kogkmr tknb hur prhjuft.

Euturm fhdpmtothr os n ùsobmss tknt os bht ymt jormft hr objormft fhdpmtothrs ùt fhuaj

`m ob nbytodm. Zkos euturm fhdpmtothr fnb `m nby fhdpnby nt nby todm motkmr ob tkm bmnr euturm

hr n jostnbt euturm. Zkmrm os n kogk prh`nòaoty tknt tkmrm woaa m n bmw fhdpmtothr ob tkm euturm

`mfnusm tkm objustry tknt hur fhdpnby ob knvm n kogk jmdnbj he tkm prhjuft nbj tkm jmdnbj

os immps obfrmnsobg. @mfnusm he tkos, hur fhdpnby woaa `m prmpnrms ehr nby fhdpmtothr tknt

wnbt th mbtmr tkm dnrimt.

Fhdpmtothrs nbnaysos kmap tkm fhdpnby famnray ojmbtoey tkmor dnlhr fhdpmtothrs ns wmaa

ns objormft nbj euturm fhdpmtothrs, ehr nby stnrt-up fhdpnboms. Ot os bmfmssnry th nbnayzm tkm

fhdpmtothrs ob hrjmr th knvm n suffmsseua vmbturm.


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03 | S n g m

Fknptmr 6 Zkm @usobmss Dhjma Fnbvns Mamdmbts

6.> Imy Snrtbmrs

@mfnusm he hur fhdpnby os bht tkm dnob prhjufmr he tkm sdnrt poaahw, sh wm suppay hurprhjuft erhd hur pnrtbmr/suppaomr fhdpnby wkofk os ibhwb ns @mnutyPmst Fhdpnby nbj

Nimdo Fhdpnby. @mnutyrmst Fhdpnbyfhdm erhd ]V dmnbwkoamNimdo Fhdpnbyfhdm erhd

Lnpnb. @htk fhdpnby n prhjufm vmry fhdehrt poaahws wkmrm tkm `rnbj narmnjy ibhw `y naa he

pmhpam. Vh tknt, wm jmfojm th suppay tkmor prhjuft nbj smaa ot obth dnrimt `y usobg hur hwb

`rnbj.

Wm nrm fkhhsobg tkos twh fhdpnby ns hur pnrtbmr os `mfnusm tknt hur pnrtbmr os n

endhus dnlhr dnbuenfturmr hednttrmssms nbj rmantmj `mjjobg prhjufts sufk ns hur sdnrt

poaahw prhjuft nbj nash hur hpphrtuboty grhwtk dhtovntohb. Vdnrt poaahw os hur fhdpnby `rnbj

wkmrm tkm prhjuft os suppay `y hur imy pnrtbmr fhdpnby th dnobtnob tkm qunaoty nbj nt tkm

sndm todm th prhdhtm hur sdnrt poaahw th hur tnrgmt dnrimt.

@msojms tknt, `y knvobg rmantohbskop `mtwmmb Nimdo nbj @mnutyPmst, hur fhdpnby fnb ahwmr

tkm prhjufmr fhst nbj nash fnb rmjufm tkm rmsmnrfk nbj jmvmahpdmbt prhgrnd wkofk bmmjmj

n anrgm ndhubt he fhst th prhjufm hur prhjuft.

6.0 Imy Nftovotoms

n. DnbuenfturmHur fhdpnby os bht tkm prhjufmr he tkm prhjuft. Wm jhbt dnbuenfturm ot, ùt wm tnim hur

sknrm he tkm fhdpnby nbj ns wmaa ns tkmor sknrm erhd hurs. Hur pnrtbmrs ob ùsobmss nrm

@mnutyrmst Fhdpnby nbj Nimdo fhdpnby. Wm nrm usobg hur hwb `rnbj nbj hur juty os th smaa

nbj prhdhtm tkm prhjuft. Hur dnbuenfturmr os rmsphbsoàm ob jhobg naa tkm rmsmnrfk nbj

jmvmahpdmbt, dnbuenfturobg prhfmss he kogk-tmfk dnfkobms wmrm usmj. Zkm fhdpnby kns

odpamdmbtmj tkm prhjuftohb he dnbuenfturmj obputs th tkm eoboskmj prhjuft.

`. @rnbjobg@rnbjobg hur fhdpnby fkhhsm th knvm tkm rogkt th nssmss fhrm ùsobmss nbj frmntmj `y

fhddubofntobg tkrhugk tkm mssmbfm he tkm ùsobmss nbj wknt bmmjs th `m fhddubofntmj th

hur fusthdmrs . Zkmrmehrm, wm fkhsm th usm hur hwb `rnbj hb tkm prhjuft ns sdnrt poaahw fnb

frmntm n `rnbj rmputntohb nbj ùsobmss pmrshbnaotoms. @rnbjobg os tkm famnr kogkaogkt wknt

dnims n qunaoty prhjuft sdnrt poaahws, nbj dhrm nttrnftovm tknb htkmr fhdpmtothrs. Jmmpmr
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mattresshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mattress


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0> | S n g m

`rnbj dhrm rmfhgboznàm tknb lust hur fhdpnby ahgh. Wm jmeobm ns n smt he rnbj nsshfontohbs

tknt mxostobg fusthdmrs hr phtmbtona fhdpnby, prhjuft, hr objovojuna.

Zkm usm he sdnrt jmsogb nbj frmntovm, njvmrtosobg, dnrimtobg, smrvofm prhphsotohb,

nbj fhrphrntm fuaturm fnb naa kmap th dnim tkm puàof woaa `mbmeot yhur ùsobmss. Nby ùsobmss

hr hrgnbozntohb tknt whuaj `mbmeot mbhrdhusay `y frmntobg n `rnbj tknt os nffurntm, os, hbm

tknt rmprmsmbts tkmor trum vnaum. @rnbjobg nash mnsoay strmbgtkmb tkm fhdpnby's bndm ob tkm

fhdpmtotovm dnrimt.

f. DnrimtobgHur fhdpnby kns nash jmfojmj th dnrimt nbj smaa hur sdnrt poaahw tkrhugk smrvofm prhvojmrs,

snams ngmbts, nbj supmr dnrimts. Wm nrm bhw ehfusobg hb prhdhtobg hur prhjufts ob

dngnzobms, tmamvosohbs, obtmrbmts, oaa`hnrjs, phstmrs nbj bmwspnpmrs.

Vmrvofm prhvojmr npphobtmj `y hur fhdpnby nrm nawnys obtmrnftobg wotk hur

fhdpnby th gmt emmj`nfi. Wm fkhhsm tkm supmrdnrimt `mfnusm tkm supmrdnrimt os n panfm

ermqumbtmj `y tkm puàof. Fusthdmrs fnb gmt us ob tkm supmrdnrimt sdnrt poaahw mnsoay nbj

quofiay wotkhut nby knssam.

6.6. Imy Pmshurfms

Imy rmshurfms nrm tkm ùsobmss rmshurfms tknt obfaujms kudnb, eobnbfona, pkysofna, nbj

ibhwamjgm enfthrs tknt prhvojm n eord tkm dmnbs th pmrehrd ots ùsobmss prhfmssms. Ob hur

fhdpnby tkm imy rmshurfms tknt wm knvm nrm tkm rmshurfms bmmjmj th pmrehrd tkm imy

nftovotoms sufk ns dnbuenfturobg, rnbjobg, nbj dnrimtobg.

n. Dnbuenfturobg

@mnutyrmst nbj Nimdo Fhdpnby nrm tkm twh fhdpnboms wkh prhjufms hur prhjuft wkofk os

tkm VDNPZ poaahw. Zkmy nrm tkm suppaomr nbj hur ùsobmss pnrtbmrs wkh obvmsts ob hur

fhdpnby. Zkus, sobfm wm jmpmbj hb tkmd, tkmy nrm fhbsojmrmj ns hur imy rmshurfms `mfnusm

oe ots bht ehr tkmd, wm fhuajbt jh ùsobmss nbj fhuajbt dnbuenfturm hur prhjuft.

`. @rnbjobg

@rnbj rmfhgbotohb os frufona ob ùsobmss. Oe n fmrtnob `rnbj os rmfhgbozm, ot woaa `m mnsoay ehr tkm

fhdpnby th smaa tkm prhjuft `mfnusm fusthdmrs woaa jmeobotmay ùy ot `mfnusm he tkm `rnbj

nwnrmbmss tknt tkmy knvm. N ghhj `rnbjobg woaa kmap us th fhdpmtm nbj th stnbj hut erhd tkm


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00 | S n g m

htkmr fhdpmtothrs.

Ob tmrds he hur `rnbj, wm knj jmeobotmay usmj vnrohus dmtkhj ob hrjmr th prhdhtm hur `rnbj.

Dmtkhjs aoim prhdhtohb, ghhj fusthdmr smrvofm, dnobtnobobg ghhj odngm thwnrjs hur

fusthdmrs nbj dhst odphrtnbt os th prhvojm qunaoty prhjufts. Zkmsm nrm tkm wnys ehr us th

knvm n phsotovm odngm rmgnrjobg hur `rnbj. Vh, ns ehr hur fhdpnby wm strovm knrj th prhvojm

qunaoty prhjuft nbj ghhj smrvofm th hur fhbsudmrs ob hrjmr th gnob tkmor trust nbj immp hb

ùyobg hur prhjuft.

f. Dnrimtobg

Ehr dnrimtobg nftovotoms, wmrm usobg phstmrs, `nbbmrs, dngnzobms, tmamvosohbs, obtmrbmt th

prhdhtm hur prhjuft. Vh, eobnbfona ùjgmt os bmmjmj ob hrjmr th mxmfutm tkhsm prhdhtohb

nftovotoms mspmfonaay njvmrtosobg wkofk os hur dnob ehfus rogkt bhw th prhdhtm hur prhjufts.

Vtnee sioaas nbj ibhwamjgm os nash hur rmshurfms ehr prhdhtohb. Zkmy nrm tkm hbm wkh nrm

dnobay nssogbmj th odpamdmbt strntmgoms hb khw th dnrimt hur prhjufts wkmrmob Ehur Ss

`mobg usmj sufk ns prhjuft, profobg, prhdhtohb, nbj panfm. Zkmsm nrm tkm tkobgs bmmjmj ob

hrjmr th mxmfutm prhdhtohbs.

6.: Unaum Srmphsotohbs

Wm njjrmss hur prhjuft ns VDNPZ SOAAHW tkos os n whrtk ot prhjuft th ùy. Erhd tkos prhjuft

wm govmb tkm vnaum prhphsotohb sufk ns fhbvmbombfm. Hur prhjuft nrm mnsy th `robg. Zkm usmr

fnb robg tkos prhjuft nbywkmrm mfnusm hur prhjuft narmnjy prhvojmj tkm sdnaa nttmry obsojm

tkm poaahw sh hur prhjuft bht aodotmj th usm. N`hut tkm profm, tkos prhjuft os kogk tmfkbhahgoms

sh erhd tkm profm wm heemr o tkobi tknt os fkmmpmr wotk tkm kogk tmfk. Wm nash dnim n aht he

vnromty jmsogb nbj nppaofntohb hr tkos prhjuft. Vh tkm profm nash nrm vnromty. Zkm profm he

prhjuft os `nsm hb khw dnby nppaofntohb wm prhvojm. Zkm kogk tmfk wm usm nbj n aht eubftohb

wm prhvojm sh tkm profm wm woaa heemr nash kogkt fhdpnrm th tkm bhrdna prhjuft wm nrm prhjufm.

@mfnusm hur prhjuft os duatoeubftohb, sh fhst th ùy tkos prhjuft nrm fkmmpmr. Hur fhdpnby

nash prhvojobg > ymnr wnrrnbty nbj nby tmfkbofna prhàmds wm woaa rmpnor hr wm woaa fknbgm

tkm bmw hbm netmr fkmfi ot. Wm nash prhvojobg "VDNPZ SOAAHW FNPM FMBZPM". Dny`m dhst

pmhpam mspmfonaay ehr tkm ùymr tkos prhjuft jhb ibhw khw th usm tkos prhjuft `mfnusm eorst

todm usm, sh wm woaa kmap tkmd th govm obehrdntohb n`hut tknt prhjuft.

6.= Fusthdmr Pmantohbskops


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0: | S n g m

endoay nbj erombj th usm hur prhjuft, ùt wkmb tkmy jhbt knvm nby mxpmrombfm dmdhry wotk

tkmor prmvohus purfknsm, fusthdmr woaa aoimay th tmaa pmhpam nrhubj tkmd n`hut khw `mj hur

prhjuft os.

Htkmr obotontovm tknt hur fhdpnby fnb jh os govm tkm fusthdmr wotk n vhufkmr tknt tkmy

fnb mxfknbgm wotk ghhjs up th tkmor enfm vnaum. Fusthdmr fnb mxfknbgm tkm vhufkmr wotk

khdm nppaonbfms aoim dobo enb, joskms nbj htkmr. Hur dnob ghna he govobg vhufkmr os th tmaa hur

fusthdmr tknt wm nrm vmry npprmfontm tkmor purfknsm wotk us.

Govobg wnrrnbty os hbm he tkm dhst meeofombt wny th fhbvobfm hur fusthdmr tknt hur

prhjuft os vmry kogk qunaoty nbj wm woaa rmsphbsoàm oe hur prhjuft jojbt whri aoim wknt wm tmaa

tkmd wkmb tkmy dnim tkmor purfknsobg. Hur fhdpnby fnb govm hur fusthdmr > ymnr wnrrnbty,

wotkob tkos pmrohj, oe tkmrm nby jndngm, enoaurm hr wknt sh mvmr tknt hffur, fusthdmr fnb `robg

tknt sdnrt poaahw th us nbj wm fnb rmpnor tkm prhjuft wotkhut govobg nby fknrgm th hur

fusthdmr.

Govobg ermm goet th hur fusthdmr nash fnb kmap us th dnobtnob hur rmantohbskop wotk

tkmd. Wkmb fusthdmr dnjm n purfknsobg wm fnb govm tkmd n ermm goet rmantmj wotk hur

prhjuft, sobfm wm smaaobg sdnrt poaahw sh hur ermm goet skhuaj `m aoim poaahwfnsm, ànbimts nbj

àobjehaj. Goet tknt fnb kmap tkmd th sammp wmaa nbj fhdehrtnàm. Mvmb tkm goet tknt wm gnvm os

bht rmnaay mxpnbsovm ùt fusthdmr woaa fhbsojmr ot ns n wnrd kmnrtmj goet erhd us.

Wkmb hrgnbozntohb wnbt th hhts up tkmor rmvmbum, eobj n bmw fusthdmr dogkt m hbm

he tkm eorst tkobg hb tkmor dobj, ùt tkobi ngnob, oe hrgnbozntohb wnbt th eobj bmw fusthdmr ot

woaa fhst tkmd dhbmy, `mfnusm tkmy bmmj th dnim prhdhtohb nbj korm dhrm snamspmrshb. Ot

woaa m ghhj oe tkmy fnb rmnfk tkmor ghna, ut tkm rosi th enoa os nash kogk. Zkos os tkm rmnshb wky

mvmry hrgnbozntohb woaa try tkmor `mst th immp tkmor furrmbt fusthdmr nbj try th trmnt tkmd ns

ghhj ns tkmy fnb. @mfnusm furrmbt fusthdmr os bht hbay n pmrshb tknt woaa dnim fhbtobuhus

purfknsobg th us, ùt nash tkm pmrshb tknt fnb `robg bmw fusthdmr th hur fhdpnby.

6.5 Fusthdmr Vmgdmbts

6.5.> Dnrimtobg smgdmbt

Dnrimtobg smgdmbtntohb woaa ehfus hb fusthdmr nbj nash ùsobmssms th frmntm tkm fusthdmrs

th tnrgmt. Dnrimtobg smgdmbt os n grhup he fusthdmr nbj tkm ùsobmssms wkofk os knvm tkm

sodoanr rmsphbsms th tkm pnrtofuanr typm he tkm smrvofm hr tkm prhjuft. Ot os joeeofuat ehr tkm

tnrgmt jovmrsm smgdmbt he dnrimt. Ns ehr hur prhjuft, tkm VDNPZ poaahw fkhsm tkm fhrrmft

dnrimt smgdmbt. Wm tnrgmt stujmbts nbj whrimrs ùt hur tnrgmt grhup he tkm sdnrt poaahw os


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0= | S n g m

dnobay ehr njuat nbj obshdbon pntombt. Zkm prhjuft os dhstay suotnàm ehr tkm njuat wkh knvm

tkm obshdbon prhàmd nbj wkh kns n aht he tkm joeeofuatoms th sammp. Zkm rmsmnrfk skhws tknt

7;% he tkm njuat bhwnjnys meemftmj `y obshdbon prhàmd pnrtofuanray ob Dnanyson. Zkmrmehrm,

wm dnobay tnrgmt obshdbon pntombts nbj njuats.

6.7 Fknbbma

Zkmrm nrm dnby typms wny tknt wm fnb usm th suppay hr jostroùtm hur sdnrt poaahw, ehr

mxndpam, wm fnb usm ngmbt ns rmprmsmbt hur fhdpnby th suppay nbj govm obehrdntohb th

fusthdmrs n`hut hur sdnrt poaahw th naa stntm ob Dnanyson. Ngmbt os wkh knbjams usobmss neenors

ehr nbhtkmr, mspmfonaay hbm wkh jmnas wotk mdpahymms, nfthrs ngmbt, nbj tkmntrofna ngmbt, n

ùsobmss ngmbt ehr rmprmsmbtntovm wkh nfts hb `mknae he htkmr pmrshbs hr hrgnbozntohb.

Dmnbwkoam, `y tkos nftohb wm fnb obfrmnsm hur amvma he obfrmdmbt ob tmrd he prheot th hur

fhdpnby, dogkt `m wm fnb gmt n ghhj prheot `mfnusm tkm prhjuft os snam th naa stntm `y ngmbt.

Dhrmhvmr, wm nash fnb smaa hur sdnrt poaahw `y jormft smaaobg dmtkhj. @y tkos wm fnb

skhw tkm sndpam he hur prhjuft th tkm fusthdmr sh tknt tkm fusthdmr fnb mvnauntm `mbmeot

nbj njvnbtngms tknt fnb gmt erhd tkm sdnrt poaahw. Jormft smaaobg dmnbs smaaobg tkm prhjufts

jormftay th fhbsudmrs nwny erhd n eoxmj ahfntohb. Dhjmrb jormft smaaobg obfaujms snams dnjm

tkrhugk tkm pnrty panb, hbm-hb-hbm jmdhbstrntohb, nbj htkmr pmrshbna fhbtnft nrrnbgmdmbtsns wmaa ns obtmrbmt snams. Zkm jormft pmrshbna prmsmbtntohb, jmdhbstrntohb, nbj snam he prhjufts

nbj smrvofm th fhbsudmrs usunaay ob tkmor khdms hr nt tkmor lh`s. Zkmrm nrm dnby typms he

jormft smaaobg sufk ns jhhr th jhhr, pnrty panb, duato-amvma. Jhhr th jhhr os tkm ngmbt hr

jmnamr h`tnob nb oddmjontm josfhubt erhd tkm fhdpnby nt tkm phobt he purfknsm. Zkm prhjuft

tkmb dnims n prheot `y smaaobg tkm prhjuft th tkm fhbsudmr n5t tkm rmfhddmbjmj rmtnoa profm.

Zkm aobm he jostroùtohb os sodpam, obvhavobg tkm jormft snams fhdpnby, tkm jmnamr nbj tkm

fhbsudmr. Snrty panb dmnbs ubjmr tkos typm he panb, tkm jormft smaamr hr rmtnoamr nrrnbgms wotk

n erombj wkh sknaa nft ns khstmas thwngm n grhup he erombjs ehr jmdhbstrntohbs he n prhjuft hr

prhjuft. Ob tkm rmfmovmj ehr prhjufts. Zkm khstmss rmfmovms dmrfknbjosm, prhjufts ns fhdpmas

ehr tkm usm he kmr khdm nbj kmr kmap ob gmttobg tkmor erombjs thgmtkmr. Duatopam amvma dmnbs

dnrimtobg hr jostroùthr bmtwhri panb. Zkos panb naahws tkm jormft smaamr th dnbngm nbj smrvofm

n anrgm jormft rmtnoa bmtwhri hr jostroùthr bmtwhri.

@msojm tknt, wm nash fnb smaa tkm sdnrt poaahw usobg shfona bmtwhri. Vhfona bmtwhri

os obvhavm Enfm`hhi, twottmr, wm`sotm, phrtna, àhgs nbj dnby dhrm. @msojm tknt, wm woaa hpmbn wm` sotm hr phrtna n`hut hur sdnrt poaahw wotk naa obehrdntohb. @y tkos obehrdntohb tkm


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fusthdmr fnb purfknsm tkm sdnrt poaahw tkrhugk hbaobm nbj woaa dnims mnsomr th us th dnim

prheot. O tkobi tkos dmtkhj woaa whri hut `mfnusm dhst he tkm fhstudmr bhwnjnys os njnptmj

th obtmrbmt nbj enfm`hhi usobg, sh `y grnppobg tkos fknbfm wm fnb smaa hur sdnrt poaahw

tkrhugk hbaobm nbj rmnaay woaa dnim prheot. Enfm`hhi os nb hpphrtuboty th prhdhtm prhjuft nbj

smrvofms th doaaohbs he jnoay usmrs, nbj nt tkm sndm todm wm fnb survmy tkm prhgrmss he tkm

smaaobg ob von tkos fknbbma. Dmnbwkoam, Enfm`hhi os hvmrwkmadobgay tkm dhst meemftovm shfona

dmjon dnrimtobg fknbbma ehr sdnaa ùsobmssms wotk mxphbmbtonaay dhrm snyobg ots `mttmr tknb

htkmr shfona bmtwhri. Htkmrwosm, dmjon nash fnb `m pantehrd th fknbbmas sufk ns rnjoh nbj

tmamvosohb fnb kmap ns n fknbbma th jostroùtm th hur sdnrt poaahw ob tmrd he njvmrtosmdmbt.

Mxph nash fnb kmap tkm sdnrt poaahw ob tmrd he fknbbma. Dhrmhvmr, `rnbfk nash `mobg

odphrtnbt pnrt th fknbbma th hur sdnrt poaahw.

6.; Pmvmbum strmnd

Vdnrt poaahw os hbm he tkm prhjufts tknt wm smaa nbj tknt rmvmbum he tkm prhjuftohb woaa fhdms

erhd tkos prhjuft. Dnobay wm gnob prheot erhd smaaobg tkos prhjuft bhrdnaay. Zkm dhrm odphrtnbt

ehr us os lust n`hut tkm nffmptntohb erhd ùymrs thwnrj hur prhjuft nbj tkmor fhdehrtnàm

wkmb usmj tkos sdnrt poaahw.

Wm ibhw tknt, oe wm smaa n prhjuft usobg n bhrdna smaaobg wm woaa hbay knvm dobodud

rmvmbum. Zh obfrmnsm tkm rmvmbum, wm dust rhsm up nbj dnjm n bmw prhjuft wotk `mttmr

obvmbtohb nbj jmsogb. Zkm `mttmr wnys os th dnim n joeemrmbt jmsogb he sdnrt poaahw nbj mvmry

iobj he jmsogb wm smaa nt n joeemrmbt profm. Zkm dhst nttrnftmj jmsogb hur fhdpnby dnjm, wm

smaa ot nt kogkmr profm tknb tkm bhrdna jmsogb. Hur fhdpnby dnim tkos iobj he tnftofs th

dnxodozm hur rmvmbum.

@msojm tknt, th obfrmnsm hur rmvmbum hur fhdpnby dnim n sdnrt poaahw wotk joeemrmbt

fhahur. Ns wm ibhw, mvmryhbm knvm tkmor hwb obtmrmst ob fhahur nbj pmhpam woaa jmeobotmay ùy

tkm fhahur tknt tkmy aoim. Erhd tknt phobt, hur fhdpnby smaa tkm sdnrt poaahw wotk n joeemrmbt

fhahur nt n joeemrmbt profm. Dhstay, pmhpam wotk n kogkmr obfhdm woaa ùy n jmsogb tkmy aoim nbj

tkm fhahur tknt tkmy aoim. Zkos woaa dnim hur fhdpnby gnob dhrm prheot.

Smhpam fnb ùy hur prhjuft usobg dhbtkay pnydmbt ùt wotk obtmrmst. Zkos wnys,

pmhpam wotk n ahw nbj nvmrngm obfhdm fnb ùy hur prhjuft `mfnusm tkmy fnb pny th us usobg

dhbtkay pnydmbt. Smhpam wotk ahw nbj nvmrngm obfhdm tknt knvm n obshdbon josmnsm woaa ùy

hur prhjuft `mfnusm bhw tkmy fnb ùy ot ùt pny ot wotk dhbtkay pnydmbt. Oe `mehrm tkmy

wnbt th ùy hur prhjuft ùt tkmy jhbt knvm mbhugk dhbmy th ùy hur prhjuft wotk fnsk, ùt

bhw tkmy fnb ùy hur prhjuft `mfnusm wm fknbgm hur pnydmbt dmtkhj usobg fnsk nbj

dhbtkay pnydmbt wotk obtmrmst. Zkos wny hur rmvmbum woaa obfrmnsm `mfnusm dhrm pmhpam ùy


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hur prhjuft nbj tkmy njj dhrm dhbmy th ùy hur prhjuft `mfnusm tkmy usobg joeemrmbt

pnydmbt dmtkhj th ùy hur prhjuft.

6.? Fhst Vtrufturm

Wknt nrm tkm dhst odphrtnbt fhbtmbts ob hur ùsobmss dhjma8

Ob hur ùsobmss, hur fhdpnby os rmnjy th usm mxostobg otmds th dnim bmw prhjufts VDNPZ

poaahw. Wotk tkm fhhpmrntohb he hur fhdpnby wotk tkm fhdpnby's amnjobg dnbuenfturms poaahws

Nimdo fhdpnby nbj tkm fhdpnby ns n amnjobg suppaomr @mutryrmst fhdpnby. Zkos fnb snvm

hur fhst strufturm. Fhst fhrbmrsthbm he hur ùsobmss os tkm fhst he dntmronas th prhjufm hur

prhjufts.

Wkofk Imy Pmshurfms nrm dhrm mxpmbsovm8

Zkm dnob shurfms nrm tkm dhst mxpmbsovm ob hur ùsobmss nrm pkysofna rmshurfms. Odphrtnbt

pkysofna rmshurfms ob hur fhdpnby th jh ùsobmss sdhhtkay. Zkmsm rmshurfms nrm ùoajobg ehr

tkm ahfntohb he tkm prhjuftohb nftovotoms , tmfkbhahgoms sufk ns fhdputmrs , tmampkhbms , FFZU ,

mtf. , dnfkobms obth mquopdmbt ehr prhjufobg obput th hutput dhrm quofiay nbj meemftovmay ,

nbj tkm eoboskmj prhjuft rmnjy ehr snam . Zkmsm rmshurfms nrm odphrtnbt th dnim obputs

trnbsehrdmj obth hutputs. Bmxt, tkm rmsuatobg prhjuft woaa prhvojm eobnbfona eahws ob th hur

fhdpnby tkrhugk jostroùtohb th fusthdmrs.

Wkofk Imy Nftovotoms nrm dhst mxpmbsovm8

Zkm dnob nftovotoms nrm mxpmbsovm os `rnbjobg. @rnbjobg os jhbm `y hur fhdpnby th skhwfnsm

bmw prhjufts mdmrgm ob tkm dnrimt. @rnbjobg nods th mbsurm tknt tkm prhjufts wm prhjufm

nbj tkm fusthdmr os ibhwb th knvm n panfm ns wmaa ns hur fhdpnby pmrshbnaoty ob tkm dnrimt.


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FKNSZMP : - FHBFA]VOHB

Ob hrjmr th `mfhdm n suffmsseua mbtrmprmbmur, wm dust knvm tkm nòaoty th smm tkobgs wotkhut

mbgngobg jmao`mrntm smnrfk hr wknt tkmy fnaa ot soxtk smbsm. Enfthrs ob h`smrvobg tkm trmbj

sufk ns mfhbhdof ehrfms, shfona ehrfms, nbj tmfkbhahgofna njvnbfms, phaotofna nbj rmguanthry

fknbgms kmaps th ojmbtoey hpphrtubotoms ehr nb mbtrmprmbmur th pursum nbj `m nwnrm he tkm

fknbgms knppmbobg hutsojm. Bmxt os, shavobg prhàmd wkofk naahws mbtrmprmbmurs th spht

fusthdmrs prhàmd nbj tkobi he shautohb hb khw th shavm tkmor prhàmds. Anstay, eobjobg gnps

ob tkm dnrimtpanfm naahws tkmd th smm tkm gnp nbj eobj n wny th euaeoa ot. Wotk tkmsm, ot fnb

amnj th nb ùsobmss ojmn nbj fnb fhdm up wotk nb obbhvntovm prhjuft tknt fusthdmrs bmmjs

wkofk os frufona `mfnusm pmhpam jh ùsobmss dnobay th sntosey fusthdmrs jmdnbjs.

Ob njjotohb, fhbjuftobg emnsoòaoty nbnaysos os odphrtnbt mehrm mstnàoskobg n ùsobmss.Ot kmaps yhu th jmfojm wkmtkmr th dhvm ehrwnrj wotk tkm prhlmft ojmn hr bht. Ot nash kmaps th

jmtmrdobm oe tkm prhlmft kns tkm bmfmssnry rmshurfms th dnim ot vonàm nbj wkmtkmr pmhpam

woaa ùy hr usm tkm rmsuatobg prhjuft.

Khwmvmr, wkmb ot fhdms th eobnbfona, emnsoòaoty nbnaysos kmaps us th nssmss wkmtkmr ot

fnb wotkstnbj eobnbfona rosis tknt fhdm up nbj wkmtkmr ot fnb stoaa rmdnob vonàm ob tkm ahbg

tmrd. Dhrm odphrtnbtay, ot kmaps us th h`smrvm tkm furrmbt dnrimt trmbj nbj ots prhlmftmj

grhwtk nbj wknt os narmnjy nvnoanàm ob tkm dnrimt. Zkus, ot os odphrtnbt th fhbjuft tkmsm

nbnaysos eorst `mehrm ludpobg ob th tkm bmxt amvma wkofk woaa amnj th enoaurm oe wm jojbt jh nby

rmsmnrfk n`hut hur prhjuft.

Hb tkm htkmr sojm objustry nbj fhdpmtothr nbnaysos os frufona ehr us th jmtmrdobm khw

fhdpmtotovm tkm objustry tknt wmrm hpmrntobg nbj wkh nrm tkm fhdpmtothrs wmrm fhdpmtobg.

Zkrhugk tknt, wm nrm nàm th phsotohb hur fhdpnby th survovm ob n fhdpmtotovm mbvorhbdmbt.

Ob hur ùsobmss wkofk wm fndm up wotk VDNPZ poaahw, tkm nbnaysos kmapmj us th ojmbtoey tkm

enfthrs tknt wm bmmj th fhbsojmr `mehrm stnrtobg up n bmw ùsobmss. Zkrhugk euaeoaaobg

fusthdmrs bmmjs nbj nbnaysos wmvm fhbjuftmj, wm wmrm nàm th jmvmahp nb ojmn obthobbhvntohb nbj nàm th jmfojm wkmtkmr th prhfmmj tkm ojmn hr bht. Wm wmrm nàm th fhbsojmr

shdm enfthrs bmmjmj `mehrm obtrhjufobg n bmw prhjuft ob tkm dnrimt. Khwmvmr, dnbngmdmbt

sioaas nbj mxpmrtosm, jmtmrdobntohb, prhjuft prhdhtohb, `rnbj rmfhgbotohb, tkmsm nrm tkm

fhdpmtotovm njvnbtngm tknt wm knvm thwnrjs htkmr fhdpmtothrs.

Ob thjnys ùsobmss whraj, ahts he fhdpnboms heemrobg ahts he prhjufts. Ob mstnàoskobg

n usobmss, wm bmmj th m fhdpmtotovm mbhugk th survovm ob tkm euturm fknaambgms tknt wm dny

enfm ob tkm euturm. Hbm wny th dntfk tkos, wm bmmj th knvm n frmntovm nbj obbhvntovm ojmn

wkmb prhjufobg n fmrtnob prhjuft mfnusm sndm prhjuft os hrobg nbj woaa jmeobotmay bht fntfk


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fusthdmrs nttmbtohb. Zknts wky wm knvm obtrhjufmj VDNPZ poaahw wkofk os uboqum nbj os bht

ymt ob tkm dnrimt wkofk sntosey fusthdmrs bmmjs wotk ots kogk tmfk emnturms nbj eubftohb.

Zkmrmehrm, ob hrjmr ehr n eord th m suffmsseua, ot bmmj th knvm fhdpmtotovm njvnbtngm ob hrjmr

th survovm ob tkm dnrimtpanfm.


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@o`aohgrnpky

@mnutyrmst< @mjs nbj Dnttrmssms < Pmfknrgm tkm Kudnb Aoem. (0> Hfth`mr, 03>6). Pmtromvmjerhd @mnutyrmst< Aovobg Aoem Euaay Fknrgmj< kttp6). Wky Os n Emnso`oaoty Vtujy Odphrtnbt ob @usobmss8Pmtromvmj

erhd mKhw< kttp Hfth`mr, 03>6). Pmtromvmj erhdOdpmrona Fhaamgm Ahbjhb< kttp Hfth`mr, 03>6). Pmtromvmj erhd Nimdo>>36

NSSMBJO[

full assignment bt11103

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