Fuel System Field Performance Using Particle Counters

Presented by: Matt Fieldermfielder@parker.comCell:+44 7530 464984

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Pass/Fail Limits

Contaminant limit

Location

Contaminant limit

Authority CommentsWater Particulate

Refinery production Clear and bright 1,0 mg/l DEF STAN. 91-91,JIG AFQRJOS

No quantitative limit for water

Clear and bright ASTM D 1655

Distribution system Clear and bright

0,5 mg/l Kinder Morgan pipeline

1,0 mg/l MIL-DTL-83133(JP8/JP8+100) US Air Force

1,0 mg/l MIL-DTL-5624 (JP4/JP5) US Navy

Airportinto-storage 2,2 mg/l Canadian GSB 3.23-2005

Into-plane

Clear and bright

IATA Guidance Material

After-fuelling check

30 ppm 1,0 mg/lRejection limit for monthly equipment check

Clear and bright 0,44 mg/l Canadian GSB 3.23-2012

15 ppm (maximum allowable)

A2, B2, and G2 (Dry)A3, B3, and G3 (wet)0,5 mg/l

ATA 103Colorimetric interpretation of a gravimetric membrane

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How can we effectively ensure in field performance qualified filters and systems?• Current technology limitations -

• Monthly Millipore & AquaGlo – Spot Check/Sporadic contamination in clean systems

• Lab work required – Delay in obtaining results• Sampling integrity issues – 1 lt or 5 lt? Time?• Burst membranes• Subjective testing, lack of real definition• Negative results• Poor repeatabilitySo:

• Is particle counting a solution? • Can we correlate with existing methods?

Gravimetric ReviewAdvantages of APC technology – or – Disadvantages of current methods

Current Method Limitations:

The eye can only detect particles >40 microns (30 micron(c)) unless present in very large amounts.

Gravimetric is not available in real time and sometimes is erratic and is non-informative in terms of condition monitoring.

Filtration time requires a laboratory environment.

Nobody knows where the current contamination limits come from – where is the technical justification?

Control Membrane, C

Working Membrane, W

1 USG Sample

Or at least record the volumethat does go through

GRAVIMETRIC

Both are1mg/l !!!!

Or are they?

0.5mg/l

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EI-1581 Element Test Procedure

Test Description Contamination Loading

Flow Rate

Time Run Test Intervals Comments

Stop/Start 4 second Cycle - 1-2 close, 1-2 Open

Media Migration Clean Fuel 3 GPM 30 mins 30 Element ConditioningLow Water Conditioning 100 ppm Water 30 GPM 30 mins 5 10 20 30 Element Wetting

Solids Addition 19mg/lt A1/RIO (90/10) 30 GPM 75 mins 15 30 45 60 75 Solids Loading

Low Water Test 100 ppm Water 30 GPM 150 mins 2 5 15 30 45 60 75 90 105 120 135 150 Wetting prior to HighWater Test

3% Water 30 GPM 30 mins 2 5 10 20 30 High Water Test

Tests Run Comments

D2276 Gravimetric Test taken either side of Stop/Start. Avg result

D3240 AquaGlo Test taken after resuming steady flowIP564 - Particle Count

APC taken during stop/start. Avg of 3 tests

Test performed on:Filter AFilter BFilter C

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Filter ATEST

SEQUENCETIME

(DOWNSTREAM) CHANNEL COUNTS/mL ISO CODES 4 channel code 2276 RESULTS AQUAGLO (DOWNSTREAM)

Solid

s Cap

acity

4.3

.2.6

15 MIN

4 12.3 11

11/9/4/01st) -0.55mg/L 2nd) 0.00mg/L

Average -.275mg/LN/A

6 4.7 914 0.1 430 0.0 0

45 MIN

4 9.7 10

10/9/6/01st) 0.00mg/L 2nd) -0.05mg/L

Average -0.025mg/LN/A

6 3.7 914 0.4 630 0.0 0

60 MIN

4 5.1 10

10/8/0/01st) 0.00mg/L 2nd) 0.05mg/L

Average 0.025mg/LN/A

6 1.6 814 0.0 030 0.0 0

Low

Wat

er 4

.3.2

.7.1

15 MIN

4 18.0 11

4/6/14/0 N/A 16 6.6 1014 0.4 630 0.0 0

30 MIN (Upstream)

4 82782.5 99

99/99/21/14 N/A 16 60001.3 9914 12167.6 2130 93.2 14

135 MIN

4 25.2 12

4/6/14/4 N/A 1.56 10.0 1014 1.1 730 0.1 4

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Field Data – Major International Airport

MF

FWS

Airport storage

To Hydrant/Refueller

FWS

0.10.31.213.3779.92172.0

>30µ(c)>25µ(c)>21µ(c)>14µ(c)>6µ(c)>4µ(c)

0.22.85.617.2300.4745.6

>30µ(c)>25µ(c)>21µ(c)>14µ(c)>6µ(c)>4µ(c)

0.00.00.00.111.454.6

>30µ(c)>25µ(c)>21µ(c)>14µ(c)>6µ(c)>4µ(c)

0.00.00.10.131.1225.8

>30µ(c)>25µ(c)>21µ(c)>14µ(c)>6µ(c)>4µ(c)

0.00.00.00.91.78.5

>30µ(c)>25µ(c)>21µ(c)>14µ(c)>6µ(c)>4µ(c)

0.10.20.51.112.557.1

>30µ(c)>25µ(c)>21µ(c)>14µ(c)>6µ(c)>4µ(c)

ISO CODE

18/17/11

17/15/11

13/11/00

15/12/00

10/08/07

13/11/07

β = 2.6 = 66% efficient

β = 13 = 93% efficient

β = 26 = 96% efficient

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Spider Plate Alignment…can lift elements off their seats!

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KAF – Supreme System Summary

Maximum Particle Count Test Data - KAF

0

5,000

10,000

15,000

20,000

25,000

30,000

35,000

40,000

45,000

50,000

Coun

ts P

er/m

l

>4µ

>6µ

>14µ

>21µ

>25µ

>30µ

Fuel Delivery @ FARP, Into Aircraft - Rotary Wing

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

Coun

ts Pe

r/ml

>4µ

>6µ

>14µ

>21µ

>25µ

>30µ

Truck Download

Post DoD Download

Filter

MBFI Storage Bladder

Post DoD Upload Filter

Post API Upload Filter

Delivery Refueller

Sump

FARP Storage FARP Upload

• >48,000 counts Download

• Continual product cleanliness from receipt to delivery

• As low as 1 count >4µ Per/ml as upload into Aircraft

• 99.9% reduction in solid contamination

• World class system performance and cleanliness

• Particle Counting will only help maintain and improve system efficiency and performance

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Tank Storage settling? Is it good to go NOW!

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Ship Off-loading

0.00

10.00

20.00

30.00

40.00

50.00

60.00

70.00

0 10 20 30 40Average Micron (C)

% Volum

e Distrib

ution

Test 1Test 2Test 3Test 4Test 5Test 6Test 7

Laboratory & Field Data – Major International Airport>4µ >6µ >14µ >21µ >25µ >30µ

Test 1 81058.3 62127.1 17817.6 6066.2 2477.4 474.2

Test 2 87834.5 74763.0 35454.1 18044.4 10277.7 3651.9

Test 3 51383.4 32796.9 4424.8 1213.4 440.5 81.1

Test 4 1593.3 422.7 9.6 1.7 0.5 0.1Test 5 1226.1 261.5 2.4 0.4 0.1 0.1Test 6 1085.7 210.9 1.3 0.1 0.1 0.0

Test 7 1037.9 198.7 1.3 0.1 0.0 0.0

First 3 measurements represent fuel from a previous cargo followed by a regular clean delivery, thus demonstrating the range of fuel cleanliness being experienced at this particular location.

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Proposed Limits!

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Do our systems meet these specifications and should we continue to rely on Gravimetric?

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Acknowledgements

• Joel Schmitigal – US ARMY TARDEC• Gary Bessee – SwRI• Dr Anthony Kitson-Smith, CloudsNet

Thank You! Questions?