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Page 1: Fuel injection

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Page 2: Fuel injection

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THERMODYNAMICS LAB PRESENTATIONPRESENTED BY :- MOIN ZEB & TAUSEEF KHAN

CLASS NO:- 118 & 125DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

Page 3: Fuel injection

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Mechanical system inject atomized fuel directly or indirectly replacement of carburetor

-:FUEL INJECTOR:-

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Background Types Of Fuel Injectors

Mechanical Fuel Injector Electronic Fuel Injector

Types Of Injections Direct injection Indirect Injection

Parts Of Fuel Injector Types of Nozzle It’s Working Advantages and Disadvantages of Fuel

Injection Conclusion

-:Outline of Presentation:-

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All internal combustion engines require a device to mix the fuel and air before being ignited by the spark plug

Necessary for all engines

-:Background:-

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Mechanical Fuel Injector :-pressure of the fluid overcome the elastic pressure of spring and fuel in injected.

• Electrical Fuel Injector:-

Several sensor are used that are controlled by ECU (electronic control unit).

-:Types OF Fuel Injectors:-

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Direct Injection System

In which the air and fuel mixed inside the cylinder

Diesel enignes are mostly direct injection

Air from the intake manifold and fuel from the fuel injector come to combine inside the cylinder.

-:Types of Injection systems:-

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Indirect Injection System:-

petrol being injected into the inlet manifold or inlet port rather than directly into the combustion chambers. This ensures that the fuel is well mixed with the air before it enters the chamber.

petrol engine cars is always indirect,

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NozzleNeedle nozzleValve control plungerSolenoid valveInlet hole Outlet holeValve control chamberoverflow

-:Parts Of Fuel Injector:-

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EXPLODED VIEW DIAGRAM

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open View Diagram

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Alloy steel Nozzle needle an body Pressure spring and spindle hold the needle

The injector pump delivers fuel to the injector… fuel passes through the drilling in the nozzle body…to the chamber where the nozzle valve seeps into the nozzle assembly

as the fuel pressure in the injector gallery rises…it acts on the tapered shoulder of the needle valve… increasing the pressure until it overcome the ELASTIC force coming from the spring and lifts the needle valve from its seat..

The highly pressurized fuel enters the engine with high velocity in an atomized spray.

As soon as the delivery from the pump stops.. Pressure under the needle tapered shoulder drops.. Spring force pushes the needle valve to its seat. Cutting off fuel supply to the engine…

Some of the fuel allowed to leak between the nozzle needle and the body to cool and lubricate the injector.

This fuel is collected by the leak of line and returned to the fuel tank for later use

WORKING

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Pintle nozzle: Stem of nozzle valve is extended to form

a pin or Pintle which protrudes through the mouth of nozzle.

Provides a spray operating at low pressure, 8-10 MPa. Spray cone angle is generally 60 degree.

It avoids weak injection and dribbling.

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Pintaux nozzle: Similar to Pintle nozzle but a auxiliary

hole is drilled in the nozzle body. Hence it helps in injection of small amount of fuel through it slightly before the main injection.

The needle valve does not open fully at low speed and most of fuel is injected through the auxiliary hole.

 Provides better cold starting of engine.

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Single hole: At the center of nozzle body there is

single hole which is closed by the nozzle valve.

Order of hole is generally order of 0.2mm

Injection pressure is in the order of 8-10MPa and cone angle is 15 -20 degree.

Major disadvantage is that it tend to dribble

Small cone angle facilitates good mixing unless higher velocities are used.

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Multi hole:Contains number of holes drilled in the

tip of nozzle. Holes may vary from 4-18 in numbers

and in size 35 to 200 µm. Injection pressure is of order of 18-20 MPa and cone angle is greater that 20 degree.

Ability to distribute the fuel properly even with lower air motion available in open combustion chambers.

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Page 18: Fuel injection

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Engine performance viz. power output, economy

(equivalence ratio is maintained )Accurate metering (errors may cause drastic variation from the

desired output.)

Proper atomization of fuelequal quantity of metered fuel (in case of multi

cylinder engines)

Advantages of FUEL INJECTOR

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Injection is superior to carburetionIndirect injection is easier and therefore

more common to implementDirect injection is more efficientIncreasing the pressure differential across

a fuel injector is the most effective way to improve performance

Increasing the nozzle area is the easiest

CONCLUSION