FSM in the Foundation’s Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Strategy

Jan Willem RosenboomBill & Melinda Gates Foundation

The Sanitation Crisis 2.5 billion people lack the dignity

and health offered by access to a safe, decent toilet and protection from untreated waste

2.1 billion urban residents use facilities that do not safely dispose of human waste

Eliminating OD reduces stunting. This effect is 4-5 times larger in urban areas than in rural areas

Most of us live in urban areas (52%) and many developing countries experience runaway urban growth. “Investment in sanitation is a down payment on a sustainable future” (Ban Ki Moon, Budapest Water Summit, 9/2013)

The Sanitation Service Chain

Kenyan Pit emptying video

Kenya Manual Pit Emptying

Poor FSM: Institutional Open DefecationSludge direct to the environment: no service chain

WC tosewer

On-site facility

Open defecation

Left to overflow

or abandoned

Safely emptied

Unsafely emptied

Leakage

Effectively treated

Illegally dumped

Not effectively

treated

9%69% 9% 9%

2%

1%98%

Treatment Reuse/ disposalTransportEmptyingContainment

2%

Residential environment

Drainage system

Receiving waters

1%

Partial FSM: Framework in place, services existSome sludge safely transported and treated

WC tosewer

On-site facility

Open defecation

Safely abandoned when full

Safely emptied

Unsafely emptied

Leakage

Effectively treated

Illegally dumped

Legally dumped Not

effectively treated

Not effectively

treated 21%

10%

6%10% 17% 5%29%69%

Treatment Reuse/ disposalTransportEmptyingContainment

2%

31%

Residential environment

Drainage system

Receiving waters

Need Sustainable Business Models Traditional technology is water, infrastructure-, and energy-

intensive• Not scalable to all who need it

Donations of toilets and equipment do not scale Need to increase political prioritization, understanding of

sludge flows and impacts, improved outcomes Develop sustainable business models through supply chain:

• Support new and existing business in developing countries• Offer decentralized products independent of infrastructure

Need co-ordination, regulation and monitoring Sector is ready for innovation; partners wanted…

Our Approach

The Foundation is Funding:

• Applied Research• Product Development• Prototyping & Testing• Support of Commercialization• Efforts to Encourage Adoption

To Develop Solutions that:

• Are compelling products, sold on the open market and− Profitable for Commercialization

Partners− Accessible to the Target

Customers− => Are Sustainable

• Allow people to live healthier more productive lives

We believe there is a significant need, and market, for these solutions

Reinvented Toilet Omni-Ingestor Omni-Processor

• $0.05/person/day • No pathogens• User demand

• Access 90% of pits • Effective Emptying• Efficient Transport

• Decentralized• Nutrient Recovery• Energy Production

Biologically & Environmentally Safe • Profitable • Sustainable

Areas of Technical Innovation

Janicki Industries

Large Scale Decentralized ProcessingDukeUniversity