fsm 17th feb met mumbai
TRANSCRIPT
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nagarjuna [email protected]
Free Software Movement
www.gnu.org.in
FSF Indiawww.gnu.org.in
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free software movement is not
a technical movement
an open source movement
only for people who use a computer
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Free Software Movement (FSM) is
a cultural movement
a political movement
an intellectual movement
a way of life
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FSM is a comprehensive
social and political movement
sciencepolitics
legislation
culture
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Let me start with some
basics.
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After the entry of a computer
we write our life in 'digits' which only a machine
can read.
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Digitizing or
Discretizing?
This is the question each of us have to ask.
Are we
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Digitization requires two operations
Encoding (writing)
Decoding (reading)
almost all the operations that happen in acomputer (or any symbolic activity of human
beings) can be reduced to these two
fundamental operations.
Discretization happens by delinking these twoDiscretization happens by delinking these two
processes.processes.
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So, if we want to prevent
someone from not accessing what we think is the
most powerful, we have to block the means of
accessing the resource or the process.
This can be best achieved by first separating the
symbols (or code) from the decoder.
This is the principle of discretization.the principle of discretization.
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An example
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Invent a new language and make it
inaccessible. Develop a discrete language (like Sanskrit) with a new
artificial grammar.
Rewrite the available wisdom of the commons in the
new language. Restrict the commons from accessing it.
Create a restricted class of people who can read and
write the new language Unless the person belongs to the group that agrees to
abide by the restrictions do not give access to the
knowledge.
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The current example
Software is one such artificial language
Digital documents include cultural artifacts, our
poems, essays, books, paintings, videos,
dance, music, conversations, ...
All of them are getting discretely written in a
private language and the corp orates (the new
Brahmans) stealing the knowledge of thecommons
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Dangers of a Digital Society
Using digital methods to prevent
the sharing of knowledge, music, documents,
videos, etc.
the sharing of software
accessing digitized journals
entry to digital libraries
accessing your friends
entry to schools, colleges
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Therefore, in a modern digital
society we need to ensure a new
form of fundamental rights
right to encode (write, express, create)
right to decode (read, understand, interpret)
right to re-encode (modify, mix, blend)
right to re-decode (re-interpret) right to copy (right to imitate)
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If we are not granted this right
proprietary corporations, who are in nexus with
the Govts, will control the process of encoding
and decoding (reading and writing) of all the
cultural processes. This right is at once basic as well as general
that it will ensure non-digital cultural freedom as
well as digital freedom, or in some future formof figital freedom.
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So what do we do?
We are so tiny
The systems that we have to fight are so mighty
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copyleft tactics
and the art of hacking
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what is hacking
first: hacking is not cracking
two: hacking is to find a creative solution to a
problem
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Mahatma as a hacker
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Sunderlal Bahuguna
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Richard Stallman
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And many other hackers
Larry Wall
Donald Knuth
Linus TorwaldsEric Raymond
Jimmy Wales
Michael Tieman... and thousands of others
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What do all these hackers do
They use copyleft tactics to create a free software,
free technology and free society.
C l ft t ti t b i i i l
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Copyleft tactics to bring in social
change
Explore an action that cannot be considered by people
as bad, such as sharing, loving, helpingsharing, loving, helping, etc.
And do themtransparentlytransparently..
And do themAnd do them collaboratively.collaboratively.
And do them inclusively.And do them inclusively.
No civilized society prohibits these actions
Amplify these actions as much as possible for your
cause, whatever that be.
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An example from our own history
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Be the change you want to see
Mahatma Gandhi
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weave your own cloth!
weave your own code!
This is the slogan of the new freedom movement.
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Guruji
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Where the mind is without fear and
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the head is held high
Where knowledge is free
Where the world
has not been broken up into fragmentsBy narrow domestic walls
Where words come out
from the depth of truth
Where tireless striving stretches its arms towards perfection
Where the clear stream of reasonhas not lost its way
Into the dreary desert sand of dead habit
Where the mind is lead forward by thee
Into ever-widening thought and action
Into that heaven of freedom, my Father,
let my country awake
Rabindranath Tagore from Gitanjali.
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scientists are hackers too!
because they find creative solutions to hard
problems.
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Richard Stallman
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RMS invented copyleft
what is copyleft?
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how does it work?
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copyright
2004 by Blackwell Publishing LtdAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be
reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted,in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical,
photocopying, recording or otherwise, except as
permitted by the UK Copyright, Designs, and Patents
Act 1988, without prior permission of the publisher.
f
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copyleft
2002 Free Software FoundationPermission is granted to make and distribute verbatimcopies of this bookprovided the copyright notice and
this permission notice are preserved on all copies.
four criteria of free (swatantra)
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four criteria of free (swatantra)software
freedom to run the program for any purpose
freedom to study how the program works
freedom to modify the program
freedom to redistribute the modified program
provided all these are granted to others.
S i l h t f d
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Special character of code
And knowledge in general
A i t ith CD
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An experiment with CD
A l d Id
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Apples and Ideas
If you have two apples and I have two, when we
exchange them, each of us are left with two.
If you have two ideas, and I have two ideas, when
we exchange them, each of us have four ideas.
(George Bernard Shaw)
h ld i f ?
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how old is swatantra software?
1984 GNU
~ 1991 LINUX
GNU/LINUX
I am using Swatantra Software for the last 19years
h t t ft ?
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why swatantra software?
open standardsstabilitysecurity
virus free
scalable
a culturetoo good for IT education
economicalethical
socially relevant
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why not proprietary software?
eliminates history
therefore
it is evil.
IQ Test 1
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IQ Test 1
who discovered the theory of relativity?
who discovered the structure of DNA?
IQ Test 2
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IQ Test 2
who is the author of MS Office, yourfavorite word processor? who is the author of the Win2k kernel?
IQ Test 3
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IQ Test 3
who is the author of GCC compiler?
of GNU/Emacs?
of Perl?
of Python?
of LINUX kernel?
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in free software
software authors areknown by their names.
the history of free
software movement isvery well documented.
you know the names ofpeople in the free
software community.
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in proprietary softwarewhat remains in the
history books are
`windows' and`gates'.
you know the names
of the companies.
in free software
software authors areknown by their names.
the history of free
software movement isvery well documented.
you know the names of
people in the freesoftware community.
proprietary software
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proprietary softwarethrives on the
ignorance of theirusers(properly called
customers or clients).
it is made by acompany andbelongs to the
company.
In free software
the users areparticipants,and they havea role to play.
It is technology shapedby community andbelongs to them.
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proprietary software does not letyou repair it.
engineers become miserable.
cars and software
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cars and software
you have a right to repair your car, but not your
software.
what is so special about software thatyou cannot repair it?
you are not the owner of the software, you havepaid for the license to use.
free doesn't mean free of charge!
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free doesn t mean free of charge!
``free software'' is a matter of liberty, not price.to understand the concept, you should think of``free'' as in ``free speech,'' not as in ``free
beer.''
Richard Stallman
GNU
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GNU
Linux
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Linux
GNU and Linux
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GNU and Linux
and several other projects
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and several other projects
Apache Free BSD
Mozilla
OpenOffice.org
...
some FAQ
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some FAQ
how do we make money? what is the difference between open source and
free software?
clarification of terms
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clarification of terms
swatantra softwareswatantra software
open source software(OSS)
public domain
freeware
shareware
few thing to show
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g
gnu.orggnu.org.in
gnowledge.org
what you can do
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y
you can donate your time
you can support us
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y pp
by migrating to exclusively free software for all
your work.
if you don't have time
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y
you must be making enough money,so you can donate money
to FSF India or several other agencies
Last word.
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Granting others the right to read and write is your duty.Granting others the right to read and write is your duty.
And claiming this is your birth right.And claiming this is your birth right.
Never ever let others take away your
right to stream and dream
Creating proprietary code
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is niether an invention nor an innovation,
because code is arbitrary.
PProprietary code is a cheatcheat.
And a language which cannot be read by publiccannot be used for communication.
your intervention is required for
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keeping the interpretation and code as close as
possible.
and not
to keep them separate.
using swaatantra software is the answer.using swaatantra software is the answer.
Our freedom struggle
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is to declare proprietary software criminal.
Since we have to eliminate crime from society, let
us eliminate proprietary software!
This struggle is between
the two camps
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the two camps
those who are innovating to preservepreserve cultural assets
(free software community),
and those who are innovating to controlcontrol the cultural
assets (proprietary software community).
public bodies and governments should decide who theypublic bodies and governments should decide who theywant to support in this freedom struggle.want to support in this freedom struggle.
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Thank you!
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Thank you
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Thank you
nagarjuna [email protected]
www.gnu.org.in
FSF Indiagnu.org.in
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]