Reza Shekasteband1, Eudald Illa Berenguer2, Esther van der Knaap2, and Samuel F Hutton1

1. University of Florida Department of Horticulture2. University of Georgia, Department of Horticulture

Fruit weight variation caused by the known FW2.2, FW3.2, FAS, and FW11.3 alleles in fresh market tomato

Physical locations of the known FW genes on tomato genome

LC >SL3.0ch02:47743540.. 47743799 (SNP)FW2.2 >SL3.0ch02:52889141.. 5288937 (SNP)

Chr. 02

FW3.2 >SL3.0ch03:66283121.. 662834467 (SNP)

Chr. 03

FAS >SL3.0ch11:55171653.. 55465698 (inversion)FW11.3 >SL3.0ch11:55559861.. 55560093 (indel)

Chr. 11

AccessionsBreed.

MaterialFW2.2 FW3.2 FW11.3 LC FAS

Fruit weight

Heinz_1706/OH8245/

OH981136/OH987034/

OH2641/M82/FG020188

Processing 1 1 1 3 3 Medium

R997 Processing 1 3 1 3 3 Small

Hunt_100 Processing 1 1 1 1 3 ?

NC1/NC2/NC3/

NC4 Grape/081-12(x)/

051(x)-66

Grape 3 1 3 3 3 Small

NC_EBR5/EBR6/EBR7/

EBR8/NC_25P/NC946/

78L-1W

Plum 1 3 1 3 3Med-Large

74L-1W Plum 2 3 1 2 3 Large

7907B/8000/8059/8111B/

8570/8834/8857/8917Beefsteak 1 1 1 1 3

Med-Large

8872 Beefsteak 3 1 1 1 3 Large

Distribution of fruit weight and locule number alleles in tomato breeding germplasm

1 = mutant allele, resulting in large fruit or more locules2 = heterozygous3 = wild type allele, resulting in small fruit or fewer locules

Improve fruit weight (FW) in fresh marker round tomato by using mutant allele of FAS gene

FAS = 3FW2.2 = 1FW3.2 = 1FW11.3 = 1

FAS = 1 FAS = 3

FW2.2 = 3

FW3.2 = 3

FW2.2 = 1

FW3.2 = 1

Main Objective

FAS = 1FW2.2 = 3FW3.2 = 3FW11.3 = 1

1 = mutant allele, resulting in large fruit or more locules2 = heterozygous3 = wild type allele, resulting in small fruit or fewer locules

Accessions LC FW2.2 FW3.2 FAS FW11.3

Population 1

Fla. 8111b X Rosato TondoFla. 8111b 1 1 1 3 1

Rosato Tondo 1 1 3 1 1

Population 2

Fla. 8059 X LYC1894Fla. 8059 1 1 1 3 1

LYC1894 1 3 1 1 3

1 = mutant allele, resulting in large fruit or more locules2 = heterozygous3 = wild type allele, resulting in small fruit or fewer locules

Breeding strategies to swap out and/or combine FW2.2 and FW3.2 with FAS gene

Accessions LC FW2.2 FW3.2 FAS FW11.3

Population 1

Fla. 8111b X Rosato TondoFla. 8111b 1 1 1 3 1

Rosato Tondo 1 1 3 1 1

1 = mutant allele, resulting in large fruit or more locules2 = heterozygous3 = wild type allele, resulting in small fruit or fewer locules

Rosato Tondo

Fla. 8111b

Breeding strategies to swap out and/or combine FW3.2 with FAS gene

Accessions LC FW2.2 FW3.2 FAS FW11.3

Population 2

Fla. 8059 X LYC1894Fla. 8059 1 1 1 3 1

LYC1894 1 3 1 1 3

LYC1894

Fla. 8059

1 = mutant allele, resulting in large fruit or more locules2 = heterozygous3 = wild type allele, resulting in small fruit or fewer locules

Breeding strategies to swap out and/or combine FW2.2 with FAS gene

FW3.2 3 2 1

3

2

1

FAS

Nine genotypic combination of FW3.2 and FAS alleles in Fla. 8111b population

FW2.2 3 2 1

3

2

1

FAS

Nine genotypic combination of FW2.2 and FAS alleles in Fla. 8059 population

Significant increase in FW was associated with homozygous mutant FAS gene

b b

a

3 2 1

3 FW2.2 homo WT

2 FW2.2 hete

1 FW2.2 homo mutant

Fla. 8059

FW2.2 homozygous WT FW2.2 heterozygousFW2.2 homozygous mutant

bb

abab

ab

a

ab

ab

a

100

150

200

250

300

3 2 1

Ave

rage

FW

(g)

3 FW3.2 homo WT

2 FW3.2 hete

1 FW3.2 homo mutant

FAS Genotype

Fla. 8111b

FW3.2 homozygous WT FW3.2 heterozygousFW3.2 homozygous mutant

1 = mutant allele, resulting in large fruit or more locules2 = heterozygous3 = wild type allele, resulting in small fruit or fewer locules

bb

abab

ab

a

ab

ab

a

100

150

200

250

300A

vera

ge F

W (

g)

b b

a

FAS Genotype

Fla. 8111b Fla. 8059

ab

a

abab

ab

b

0

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

70000

80000

3 2 1

Mar

keta

ble

Yie

ld (

Kg/

ha)

3 FW3.2 homo WT

2 FW3.2 hete

1 FW3.2 homo mutant

aa

b

3 2 1

3 FW2.2 homo WT

2 FW2.2 hete

1 FW2.2 homo mutant

Substitution of WT alleles at FW2.2 and FW3.2 provides little or no advantage

FW3.2 homozygous WT

FW3.2 heterozygous

FW3.2 homozygous mutant

FW2.2 homozygous WT

FW2.2 heterozygous

FW2.2 homozygous mutant

Heterozygous FAS gene improves FW in an interaction with FW3.2

0

50

100

150

200

250

Fla. 8111b 3 2 1

Ave

rage

FW

(g)

FW3.2 Genotype

2 FAS heterozygous

3 FAS homozygous WT

a aa b

a b

Heterozygous FAS gene improves FW in an interaction with FW3.2

212

154

211225

165 172187

0

50

100

150

200

250

Fla. 8111b 3 2 1

Ave

rage

FW

(g)

FW3.2 Genotype

2 FAS heterozygous

3 FAS homozygous WT

Heterozygous FAS gene improves FW without effecting fruit shape

0

50

100

150

200

250

Fla. 8111b 3 2 1

Ave

rage

FW

(g)

FW3.2 Genotype

2 FAS heterozygous

3 FAS homozygous WTFla. 8111b

100

120

140

160

180

200

220

240

Ave

rage

FW

(g)

FW3.2 Genotype

2 FAS heterozygous

3 FAS homozygous WT

3 2 1Fla 8111b

Heterozygous FAS gene improves FW without effecting fruit shape

Fla. 8111b

Heterozygous FAS gene improves FW in an interaction with FW2.2

100

110

120

130

140

150

160

Fla. 8059 3 2 1

Ave

rage

FW

(g)

FW2.2 Genotype

2 FAS heterozygous

3 FAS homozygous WTa b

a aa b

Heterozygous FAS gene improves FW in an interaction with FW2.2

146

138

144

150

142

124

134

100

110

120

130

140

150

160

Fla. 8059 3 2 1

Ave

rage

FW

(g)

FW2.2 Genotype

2 FAS heterozygous

3 FAS homozygous WT

Heterozygous FAS gene improves FW in an interaction with FW2.2

Fla. 8059

100

110

120

130

140

150

160

Fla. 8059 3 2 1

Ave

rage

FW

(g)

FW2.2 Genotype

2 FAS heterozygous

3 FAS homozygous WT

Heterozygous FAS gene improves FW in an interaction with FW2.2

100

110

120

130

140

150

160

Ave

rage

FW

(g)

FW2.2 Genotype

2 FAS heterozygous

3 FAS homozygous WT

3 2 1Fla 8059

Fla. 8059

Conclusion

The wild type (WT) allele of FW3.2 gene significantly reduces tomato FW in Fla. 8111b background

The mutant allele of FW2.2 gene does not have a significant effect on FW in Fla. 8059 background

Homozygosis for mutant allele of FAS may not be adaptable due to yield loss, increases the FW drastically though.

The mutant alleles of FW3.2 and FW2.2 genes apparently have positive interactions with FAS gene

The mutant allele of FAS in heterozygous state may help to increase FW without compromising marketability

Acknowledgment

Tomato Breeding Lab, Dr. Hutton

Tomato Genetics Lab, Dr. van der Knaap

Agriculture and Food Research Initiative (AFRI)

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUR