frp tank technical

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 Doc. N°: MAN.2 ENG Rev.00 data: 29.06.2009 S.p.A.  TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION FRP TANKS - USE ABOVE GROUND © Tutti i diritti sono riservati. Nessuna parte del presente documento potrà essere riprodotta, copiata o duplicata in qualsiasi forma o con qualsiasi mezzo in assenza dell’esplicita autorizzazione scritta in tal senso da parte della Selip s.p.a. © All rights reserved. No part of the present document may be reproduced, copied or duplicated in whatever form or with whatever means in the absence of explicit written authorization of the same on the part of Selip s.p.a. © Alle Rechte sind vorbehalten. Kein Teil des vorliegenden Dokuments darf auf irgendeine Weise reproduziert, kopiert oder vervielfältigt werden, ohne vorherige schriftliche Autorisierung von Seiten der Selip s.p.a.

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FRP Tank Technical

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  • Doc. N: MAN.2 ENG Rev.00

    data: 29.06.2009

    S.p.A.

    TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION FRP TANKS - USE ABOVE GROUND

    Tutti i diritti sono riservati. Nessuna parte del presente documento potr essere riprodotta, copiata o duplicata in qualsiasi forma o con qualsiasi mezzo in assenza dellesplicita autorizzazione scritta in tal senso da parte della Selip s.p.a.

    All rights reserved. No part of the present document may be reproduced, copied or duplicated in whatever form or with whatever means in the absence of explicit written authorization of the same on the part of Selip s.p.a.

    Alle Rechte sind vorbehalten. Kein Teil des vorliegenden Dokuments darf auf irgendeine Weise reproduziert, kopiert oder vervielfltigt werden, ohne vorherige schriftliche Autorisierung von Seiten der Selip s.p.a.

  • Spec_Tec_Tank_ENG_Rev00.doc T.S.FRP tanks above ground

    Page 1 of 27

    INDEX

    1. OBJECT ....................................................................................................................................................................... 2

    2. RANGE OF TANKS ............................................................................................................................................... 3 3. DESIGN ....................................................................................................................................................................... 3

    3.1 DESIGN PARAMETERS ..................................................................................................................................... 3 3.2 STABILITY CALCULATION ............................................................................................................................. 4 3.3 FITTINGS.............................................................................................................................................................. 4 3.4 BOTTOMS ............................................................................................................................................................ 6 3.5 SYSTEM TO SUPPORT FRP TANKS ................................................................................................................ 7 3.6 PROPERTY OF LAMINATE ............................................................................................................................. 10

    4. RAW MATERIALS .................................................................................................................................................. 11 4.1 RESINS................................................................................................................................................................ 11 4.2 FIBRE GLASS .................................................................................................................................................... 11 4.3 ADDITIVES ........................................................................................................................................................ 12

    5. MANUFACTURING PROCEDURES ..................................................................................................................... 12 5.1 PREPARATION OF RESINS ............................................................................................................................. 12 5.2 CONSTRUCTION OF STANDARD CYLINDRICAL LINERS ....................................................................... 12 5.3 CONSTRUCTION OF HEADS / ENDS ............................................................................................................. 13 5.4 ASSEMBLY ........................................................................................................................................................ 13 5.5 FILAMENT WINDING ...................................................................................................................................... 14 5.6 MARKING AND INSTALLATION OF FITTINGS .......................................................................................... 14 5.7 FINISHING ......................................................................................................................................................... 15 5.8 POST- CURE ....................................................................................................................................................... 15 5.9 GALVANIZING METAL PARTS ..................................................................................................................... 16 5.10 PAINTING OF METAL PARTS ...................................................................................................................... 17

    6. CHECKS AND TEST-RUNS ................................................................................................................................... 17 6.1 CLASSIFICATION OF VISIBLE DEFECTS AND ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA ............................................ 17 6.2 TOLERANCE ...................................................................................................................................................... 23 6.3 TEST EQUIPMENT AND INSTRUMENTS ..................................................................................................... 26 7. PREPARATION FOR SHIPPPING ...................................................................................................................... 26

    8. TECHNICAL AND TEST- RUN DOCUMENTATION .......................................................................................... 27 9. GARANTEES ............................................................................................................................................................ 28

    9.1 TECHNICAL GUARANTEES (SKILLS) ...................................................................................................... 28 9.2 COMMERCIAL GUARANTEES .................................................................................................................. 28

  • Spec_Tec_Tank_ENG_Rev00.doc T.S.FRP tanks above ground

    Page 2 of 27

    1. OBJECT

    These specifications define the minimum requisites adopted by SELIP in the design,

    manufacturing, inspection, checking, testing and preparation for shipping of atmospheric

    tanks in fibre glass (FRP).

    SELIP operates in accordance with internal procedures, conforming to the

    UNI EN ISO 9001:2008 norm.

    Procedure N TITLE

    PRG/4.2.1 Procedure to manage documentation of the Quality Assurance System

    PRG/4.2.2 Procedure to manage Q.A.S. registration.

    PRG/5.5 7.2 Procedure to manage internal and external communication

    PRG/5.6 Procedure for re-examination by the management

    PRG/6.2 Procedure to manage human resources

    PRG/7.2 Procedure to manage offers and orders and examine customer orders

    PRG/7.3 Procedure for product design and development

    PRG/7.4 Procedure to assess suppliers and for purchase orders

    PRG/7.5.1 Procedure for product manufacturing

    PRG/7.5.2 Procedure for customer service

    PRG/7.5.3 Procedure to manage the warehouse

    PRG/7.5.4 Machinery and facilities maintenance

    PRG/7.6 Procedure to calibrate and maintain instruments

    PRG/8.2 Procedure for the Q.A.S. internal audit

    PRG/8.3 Procedure to manage non-conformities and complaints

    PRG/8.5.1 Procedure to test customer satisfaction

    PRG/8.5.2 Procedure to manage precautionary and corrective actions

  • Spec_Tec_Tank_ENG_Rev00.doc T.S.FRP tanks above ground

    Page 3 of 27

    2. RANGE OF TANKS SELIPs standard production consists of (for details see tank data sheet PT01) :

    Vertical flat bottom tanks type FP Vertical dished bottoms tanks on FRP legs type CP Vertical dished bottoms tanks on steel legs type AN Horizontal tanks on FRP saddles type CT Horizontal tanks without saddles type SS Horizontal underground tanks type CTI Tapered bottom silos (60 and 90) type FC Vertical tanks with integrated basin type SV

    Standard internal diameters for capacities from 1 to 200m,are :

    1000 / 1200 / 1500 / 1800 / 2000 / 2200 / 2500 / 3000 / 3500 / 4000mm.

    3. DESIGN

    Design is according to the European norm EN 13121-3 of 2008 (GRP Tanks and

    Vessels for Use Above Ground).

    Safety Factor minimum acceptable for design : K=4.

    On demand, also other International norm are acceptable :

    ASTM ; API 12P ; ASME RTP-1 ; AD Merkblatt N1

    Previous European norms (BS 4994, AFNOR, ) have been replaced by EN 13121.

    3.1 DESIGN PARAMETERS Standard parameters adopted for the design :

    Specific weight of the product contained : 1.3 kg/dm3 ; Design pressure : atmospheric / liquid head Design temperature : 60C. Wind action : according to D.M. dated 16/01/1996 Earthquake action : according to the norm - Ref Zone 2

  • Spec_Tec_Tank_ENG_Rev00.doc T.S.FRP tanks above ground

    Page 4 of 27

    TANKS MUST BE DIRECTLY CONNECTED TO THE ATMOSPHERE VIA A

    SUITABLY SIZED FREE VENT

    3.2 STABILITY CALCULATION SELIP is responsible for checking the stability of the tank in the phases of installation,

    hydraulic testing and use.

    Inspection is carried out on the basis of the project data and in line with that reported in

    the EN 13121-3 European norms.

    The inner chemically resistant layer (liner) is not taken into consideration in the structure

    calculation.

    Main phases of the inspection:

    Calculation of the Safety Factor K according to : 1. Technology applied,

    2. Type of resin and design temperature,

    3. Life expectancy of the tank,

    4. Danger index of the product contained.

    Calculation of the allowable stress (this depends on K and the mechanical characteristics of the layering in FRP).

    Inspection of the thicknesses of the tank. Inspection of the deformations, always to be kept lower than the allowable value. Inspection of the condition of implosion (buckling effect) according to the design

    under-pressure and the axial loads.

    Inspection of the anchorage to the base on the basis of the calculated actions of earthquake and wind. These actions must never be considered

    contemporaneously.

    3.3 FITTINGS

    Nozzles and manhole must be of the integral type, i.e. continuity of the reinforcing fibres from the flat face to the pipe both in the liner and mechanical

    reinforcement, obtainable exclusively via manual lamination over a mould.

    GATES AND/OR MANHOLES COMPOSED OF FLANGES ASSEMBLED

    SEPARATELY FROM THE TUBE ARE NOT ADMISSIBLE

    The flanges are fixed and feature a flat face ; The drilling is in accordance with the UNI EN 1092-1 European norms. The

    flange holes are staggered with respect to the main axes.

  • Spec_Tec_Tank_ENG_Rev00.doc T.S.FRP tanks above ground

    Page 5 of 27

    The flange projects 100mm up to DN400, and 150mm over DN400. The flanged attachments and the welding to the body of the tank are suitable for

    supporting the external loads (forces and moments) reported in the following

    table.

    FLANGE DIMENSIONS

    UNI EN 1092-1 DN PN 6 PN 10 PN 16

    INC

    HES

    mm

    FLA

    NG

    E

    DIA

    ME

    TER

    HOLES

    BO

    LTS

    D

    IAM

    ETE

    R

    FLA

    NG

    E

    DIA

    ME

    TER

    HOLES

    BO

    LTS

    D

    IAM

    ETE

    R

    FLA

    NG

    E

    DIA

    ME

    TER

    HOLES

    BO

    LTS

    D

    IAM

    ETE

    R

    CE

    NTE

    R

    NU

    MB

    ER

    D

    IAM

    ETE

    R

    CE

    NTE

    R

    NU

    MB

    ER

    DIA

    ME

    TER

    CE

    NTE

    R

    NU

    MB

    ER

    DIA

    ME

    TER

    1/2" 15 80 55 4 11 10 95 65 4 14 12 95 65 4 14 12 3/4" 20 90 65 4 11 10 105 75 4 14 12 105 75 4 14 12 1" 25 100 75 4 11 10 115 85 4 14 12 115 85 4 14 12

    1"1/4 32 120 90 4 14 12 140 100 4 18 16 140 100 4 18 16 1"1/2 40 130 100 4 14 12 150 110 4 18 16 150 110 4 18 16

    2" 50 140 110 4 14 12 165 125 4 18 16 165 125 4 18 16 2"1/2 65 160 130 4 14 12 185 145 4/8 18 16 185 145 8 18 16

    3" 80 190 150 4 18 16 200 160 8 18 16 200 160 8 18 16 4" 100 210 170 4 18 16 220 180 8 18 16 220 180 8 18 16 5" 125 240 200 8 18 16 250 210 8 18 16 250 210 8 18 16 6" 150 265 225 8 18 16 285 240 8 22 20 285 240 8 22 20 8" 200 320 280 8 18 16 340 295 8 22 20 340 295 12 22 20 10" 250 375 335 12 18 16 395 350 12 22 20 405 355 12 26 24 12" 300 440 395 12 22 20 445 400 12 22 20 460 410 12 26 24 14" 350 490 445 12 22 20 505 460 16 22 20 520 470 16 26 24 16" 400 540 495 16 22 20 565 515 16 26 24 580 525 16 30 27 18" 450 595 550 16 22 20 615 565 20 26 24 640 585 20 30 27 20" 500 645 600 20 22 20 670 620 20 26 24 715 650 20 33 30 24" 600 755 705 20 26 24 780 725 20 30 27 840 770 20 36 33

    ADMISSIBLE LOADS

    DN Fx (N) Fy (N) Fz (N) Mx ( Nm) My ( Nm) Mz ( Nm) 50 300 300 300 30 30 30 80 600 600 600 60 60 60 100 1000 1000 1000 100 100 100 150 1500 1500 1500 150 150 150 200 2500 2500 2500 250 250 250 250 3000 3000 3000 300 300 300 300 3000 3000 3000 300 300 300 350 3000 3000 3000 300 300 300

  • Spec_Tec_Tank_ENG_Rev00.doc T.S.FRP tanks above ground

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    Standard bolts are in galvanized carbon steel, 8.8 class . Standard gaskets are 3mm thick EPDM.

    3.4 BOTTOMS SELIP tanks can be produced according to three bottom profiles:

    flat bottom, dished bottom and conical bottom.

    The bottoms must be obtained from a mould.

    BOTTOMS PRODUCED IN SECTIONS / TAPERED ARE NOT ADMISSIBLE

    BOTTOMS JOINED TO THE CYLINDER WITH BEAKER SYSTEM ARE NOT ADMISSIBLE

    Flat Bottom: used exclusively for atmospheric tanks (only hydrostatic load).

    THE RADIUS r OF THE

    JOINT BETWEEN BOTTOM

    AND CYLINDER MUST

    ALWAYS BE 50mm

  • Spec_Tec_Tank_ENG_Rev00.doc T.S.FRP tanks above ground

    Page 7 of 27

    Dished Bottom: used either as a the top or bottom of a tank. Used for both atmospheric and pressure tanks (vessels). The bottom of the tank must be

    supported by feet in FRP, a metal frame or a skirt in FRP. The geometry

    corresponds to a semi-elliptical head, with a ratio of height H to diameter D > 0.2

    ; radius R of the cover = 0.8 x D ; radius r of the knuckle = 0.154 x D.

    Conical Bottom: typically used in vertical silos and decanters as a tank bottom. The opening angle of the cone must be at 60 or 90.

    3.5 SYSTEM TO SUPPORT FRP TANKS SELIP tanks can be supported through:

    FRP legs, hand lay-up lamination manufacturing, for dished bottom heads

    Steel support for dished bottom and conical heads STARTING FROM CAPACITY OF 15m COMPLETE STEEL RING IS

    RECOMMENDED

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    FRP SKIRT Used prevalently for silos where the presence of ferrous materials prone to rust

    needs to be avoided.

    FRP saddles for horizontal tanks.. Manufactured hand lay-up on steel moulds. The arc for contact between saddle and tank is 120. The saddles are arranged

    symmetrically with respect to the centre-line of the plating. The distance between

    saddles vary from 1,000 to 1,500mm.

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    Steel saddles, used for large capacity horizontal tanks. The arc of contact between saddle and tank ranges from 120 to 180

    Concrete saddles produced on site. Arc of contact 180.

  • Spec_Tec_Tank_ENG_Rev00.doc T.S.FRP tanks above ground

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    3.6 PROPERTY OF LAMINATE Laminates must be periodically tested to verify the mechanical properties, as envisaged

    by the EN 13121-3 norms used by SELIP.

    In particular, as a minimum there must be an inspection of:

    1. Max strength ;

    2. Module of elasticity ;

    3. Elongation at break.

    The minimum values acceptable are :

    Glass fibre used

    Technology applied

    Tensile strenght N/mm

    Module of elasticity N/mm

    CSM 450 (Chopped Strand Mat 450 gr/m)

    Hand lay up 80 7500

    CSM + WR500 (Mat450g/m+WovenRoving500 g/m)

    Hand lay up 130 9500

    KNITTED BIAXIAL (950 gr/m) Hand lay up 180 10500

    Spray Up Roving Spray up 80 7500

    Direct Roving 2400 / 4800 tex for Filament Winding F.W. 320 22000

  • Spec_Tec_Tank_ENG_Rev00.doc T.S.FRP tanks above ground

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    4. RAW MATERIALS

    The raw materials used by SELIP come exclusively from European and North American

    suppliers.

    The suppliers of the raw materials must possess a minimum of 40 years experience in

    the production of the component.

    SELIP is responsible for the choice of raw materials in order to guarantee the suitability

    of the tank to contain the product / fluid contractually defined in relation to the design

    conditions.

    The raw materials used in the production cycle are essentially :

    Resins Glass fibre Additives

    4.1 RESINS Chemically-resistant resins must not contain charges or pigments.

    Thixotropic agents are not generally admissible and are severely prohibited in the

    chemically-resistant layer (liner).

    Protection against light and UV rays must be obtained through the use of an external

    gelcoat (top coat).

    The resins used in the construction of the chemically-resistant inner layer must have the

    following minimum properties :

    Elongation at break : 3% according to ASTM D638 HDT : 90C in accordance with ISO 75 Family : Novolacca, Vinylester, Bisphenolic, Isophtalic

    4.2 FIBRE GLASS The glass fibres to be used are :

    C-glass: for the construction of the liner ; E-glass: for the construction of the back liner and reinforcements.

    The glass fibres are supplied in the form of :

    Surface veil: based on C-glass with fibres arranged randomly. Basis weight of 30 gr/m2 used in the first layer of the liner ;

  • Spec_Tec_Tank_ENG_Rev00.doc T.S.FRP tanks above ground

    Page 12 of 27

    Mat (CSM): based on E-glass with cut fibres arranged randomly. Basis weight of 375 / 450 / 600 gr/m2 used in manual lamination or winding ;

    Roving for winding 2400 / 4800 tex: continuous threads of E-glass - are used in winding systems of the cylindrical part of the tank (Filament winding).

    Roving for cut and spray 2400 tex: cut threads of E-glass - used as mechanical reinforcement of the tank and bottoms (contact moulding).

    Mat and Biaxials : these are fabrics based on E-glass used for mechanical reinforcement manual layering or for winding.

    4.3 ADDITIVES Only in the chemically-resistant layer can accelerators and catalysers be used.

    In particular cases, in the mechanical layer, additives can be used that help to confer

    particular characteristics to the tank (electrical conductivity, self-extinguishing).

    The choice must be made by the SELIP technical office.

    5. MANUFACTURING PROCEDURES

    5.1 PREPARATION OF RESINS Before being sent to production departments the resins must be tested daily to verify the

    gel time and for perfect polymerization

    Gel timer equipment is used.

    5.2 CONSTRUCTION OF STANDARD CYLINDRICAL LINERS The chemically-resistant inner liner must have a minimum thickness of 2.5mm.

    This consists of no.1 veil of C-glass impregnated with a minimum resin content equal to

    85%, followed by no.2 MAT375/450 gr/m impregnated with about 66% resin.

  • Spec_Tec_Tank_ENG_Rev00.doc T.S.FRP tanks above ground

    Page 13 of 27

    The layer corresponding to 2 MAT375/450 can be obtained with spray-up technology.

    The construction of the liner must be done over a mould coated in detaching agent of the

    Mylar type.

    In small tanks, of up to 10m, the mechanical reinforcement of the cylinder takes place

    directly on the mould without the subsequent winding operation. 5.3 CONSTRUCTION OF HEADS / ENDS

    The chemically-resistant inner liner must have a minimum thickness of 2.5mm.

    This consists of no.1 veil of C-glass impregnated with a minimum resin content equal to

    85%, followed by a layer produced using spray-up technology.

    The resistant mechanical layer is produced through layering by cut and spray (spray-up)

    alternating with manual lamination (hand lay-up) with MAT and chopped strand mat.

    5.4 ASSEMBLY The cylinder, which the top must form an integral part of, is welded to the bottom by

    manual lamination.

    The liner must be re-established and the external mechanical reinforcement must be

    made.

    This phase is propedeutic, in the case of tanks with a capacity greater than 10m, to the

    winding operation. During assembly the lifting attachments are positioned, in AISI304,

    which will be used to hoist the tank vertical.

    THE WELDING OF THE BOTTOM TO A CYLINDER WOUND PREVIOUSLY

    IS NOT ADVISED

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    5.5 FILAMENT WINDING The external mechanical reinforcement of tanks with a capacity greater than 10m must be

    carried out by a numerical control winding machine. The materials used are:

    resin with elevated mechanical properties; continuous glass roving type E with basis weight 2400 or 4800 tex. The layering (number of circumference reinforcements, crisscross reinforcements, and the

    type of roving and resin) is decided by SELIPs technical office.

    THE USE OF CRISSCROSS

    REINFORCEMENT IS OBLIGATORY

    THE INITIAL PART OF THE HEADS MUST BE WOUND

    TOGETHER WITH THE CYLINDER TO GUARANTEE

    IT REMAINING FIXED IN THE EVENT OF HEAVY CONDITIONS

    THE WINDING MACHINE MUST HAVE A MOBILE RACK SUPPORT FOR THE

    ROVING BOBBINS, TO ALLOW CORRECT TENSION FOR THE ROVING

    5.6 MARKING AND INSTALLATION OF FITTINGS The tracing and drilling of the tank are done manually or using a robot.

    The accessories (fittings), which must be positioned on the tank, can be in FRP, metal or in

    another plastic material. They are fixed by welding (FRP lamination), adhesives or via

    mechanical systems. In particular, nozzles, manholes and everything which comes into

    contact with the product, wherever this is aggressive, must be manually laminated internally

    and externally using glass fibre and anticorrosive resins.

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    Page 15 of 27

    STAFF ASSIGNED TO THE LAMINATION OF THE FITTINGS

    IS QUALIFIED BY THE TV

    5.7 FINISHING An FRP tank must have an external layer applied to protect it from atmospheric agents

    and UV rays.

    This protective layer is produced by spraying on an Isophtalic-based gelcoat containing

    additives to protect against UV rays.

    The thickness of this gelcoat must not be less than 0.3mm and must in any case be

    sufficient to completely cover all the fibres emerging from the mechanically-resistant

    layer.

    5.8 POST- CURE An FRP tank must undergo a thermal post-hardening treatment using hot air.

    This treatment, which must be carried out with controlled temperature and duration, has the

    aim of perfecting the polymerization of the resin, guaranteeing the very best chemical and

    mechanical performance of the product.

    Recommended timings and temperatures are summarized in the following table:

    Type of Resins Temperature (C.) Duration (Hours) Iso/Orto 70 (-3/+5) 6 (-1/+2)

    Bisfenolic 70 (-3/+5) 10 (-1/+2) 80 (-3/+5) 6 (-1/+2)

    Vinylester 70 (-3/+5) 12 (-1/+2) 80 (-3/+5) 8 (-1/+2)

  • Spec_Tec_Tank_ENG_Rev00.doc T.S.FRP tanks above ground

    Page 16 of 27

    The oven must feature a regulatory system temperature recorder.

    5.9 GALVANIZING METAL PARTS Below We report the Selip standard as regards the procedures and cycles of hot

    galvanizing applicable to metallic surfaces, with particular reference to: support rings and

    frames for silos and tanks, ladders and walkways and all the fittings supplied to finish off the

    tank.

    DESCRIPTION OF THE PHASES

    The work and testing phases comply with the EN ISO 1461 European norm:

    1. DEGREASING in appropriate solutions at a temperature of 50/60C

    2. PICKLING in Hydrochloric Acid solution (HCl) 3. WASHING in running water

    4. FLUXING in an aqueous solution of Ammonium Chloride (2NH4Cl) and Zinc Chloride

    (ZnCl)

    5. PREHEATING in a drying oven at a temperature of 100/120C

    6. GALVANIZING by immersion in a bath of melted zinc at a controlled temperature of

    440/450C

    7. COOLING naturally in air.

    Table of Coating Thicknesses (EN ISO 1461)

    Articles and Thicknesses Minimum Average Thickness of

    Coating

    Steel 6.0mm 85m

    3.0mm Steel < 6.0mm 70m

    1.5mm Steel < 3.0mm 55m

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    5.10 PAINTING OF METAL PARTS Below we report the standard adopted by SELIP.

    The work and testing phases conform to the main European norms:

    1. PREPARATION

    - SANDING at SA 2.5 grade according to the standard SIS 055900. - CLEANING with a dry compressed air jet.

    2. APPLICATION OF THE PRIMER

    - No.1 coat of Inorganic Zinc, thickness = 70m. 3. APPLICATION OF THE INTERMEDIATE LAYER and FINISHING

    - No.2 coats of Polyurethane Varnish in powder, thickness = (50 + 50) m. N.B. : - Total thickness = 170m

    - RAL colour to be defined on request of customer

    6. CHECKS AND TEST-RUNS

    SELIP, a company certified in accordance with the ISO 9001 quality system, guarantees

    respect for the following minimum requisites relating to:

    Visual inspections and acceptance criteria ; Dimensional inspections according to construction tolerances ; Various final test-runs and related certification ; Check on raw materials and related certification.

    In the following table, the references to the norms applied:

    ASTM D2563 Visual defects and acceptance criteria EN 10204 Raw material certification EN ISO 13920 : 2000 General tolerances

    6.1 CLASSIFICATION OF VISIBLE DEFECTS AND ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA

    Below are described and illustrated the most common visible defects met in articles made

    from FRP. Every part of the article must be visually inspected to verify its suitability and

    establish a conclusive acceptance. The visible defects are classified by type and level of

    acceptability as shown in Table 1 below.

    The level or levels of acceptability are indicated in the relevant test-run documents and, in

    some cases may be indicated on the articles drawing.

    The levels of acceptability taken into consideration in the final test-run on the article are thr

    Level 2 for liner and Level 3 for the mechanical reinforcement .

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    TABLE 1

    Type of Definition of Ref. LEVELS OF ACCEPTABILITY Defect Defect fig. n Level 1 Level 2 Level 3

    Open air bubbles in the Liner

    Open air bubbles, present on the surface of the Liner that will come into contact with the product

    1 None None None

    Air bubbles in the Laminate

    Areas with air bubbles enclosed by the Laminate, of a generally spherical shape and of varying dimensions

    2 None N 6 Bubbles maximum dimension 5 mm, on a surface examined of 0.5 m

    N 12 Bubbles maximum dimension 10 mm, on a surface examined of 1 m

    Foreign body in the Laminate

    Foreign bodies enclosed by the Laminate of the article

    3 None Maximum n 4 with maximum dimension of 3 mm

    Maximum n 6 with maximum dimension of 5 mm

    Delamination of the Stratification

    Separation of the layers of fibre-glass of the Laminate

    4 None None None

    Delamination due to mech. work

    Circumscribed separation of the Laminate of the layers di fibre-glass due to mechanical operations

    5 None Maximum dimension admissible = 15 mm

    Maximum dimension admissible = 30 mm

    Glass fibres protruding (exterior)

    Areas where the fibres have not been impregnated, and are sticking out of the exterior surface

    6 None Maximum n 2 areas with maximum area of 0.04 m

    Maximum n 4 areas with maximum area of 0.1 m

    Glass fibres protruding (interior)

    Areas where the fibres have not been impregnated, and are sticking out of the interior surface

    7 None None None

    Scorching of the Lamination of Flanged Attachments

    Obvious effect due to an exothermic reaction leading to changes in colour, deformation and decomposition of the Laminate

    8 None None None

    Inadequately impregnated areas

    Areas of the Laminate where the fibre-glass is inadequately impregnated

    9 None Maximum n 4 areas with maximum dimension of 20 mm

    Maximum n 8 areas with maximum dimension of 50 mm

    Transverse Fractures

    Fracture in the stratification visible also from the other side that extends through the entire thickness of the Laminate

    10 None None None

    Surface cracks (spiders web)

    Superficial craquelure of the resin that does not involve the entire thickness of the Laminate

    11 None None on cylinder and base; top Max w.=35 mm

    On cylinder and base Max w.=10 mm ; top Max w.=70 mm

    Unprotected cut surfaces (internal)

    Cut surfaces inside the article of pure resin, which present unprotected fibre-glass

    12 None None None

    Surface irregularity

    Presence on the surface of the article of craters, protuberances (lumps of resin) and knots of glass roving

    13 None Maximum n 5 areas with maximum dimension of 10 mm.

    Maximum n 10 areas with maximum dimension of 15 mm.

    Internal runs Presence of obvious runs of resin on the surface inside the article

    14 None None None

    External runs Presence of obvious runs of resin and/or protective Gel-Coat

    15 None Maximum n 5 areas. Maximum n 10 areas.

    Transverse Cracks

    Cracking that involves the entire thickness of the laminate, due to extraction from the mould when not perfectly polymerised.

    16 None None None

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    REPRESENTATION OF VISIBLE DEFECTS

    Fig. 1 Open air bubbles in the Liner Repair procedure

    Grind the surface with the air bubbles including a surrounding area of about 50mm using abrasive tools. Carefully clean the ground area and carry out the repair as follows: apply to the ground area, using a brush, a layer of catalysed

    resin followed by a layer of glass Mat type E of 300/450 g/m;

    impregnate the layer of Mat with resin and roll to eliminate any air present;

    apply a layer of glass Surfacing type C of 30 g/m impregnated with resin;

    with the resin still wet, apply to the repair a layer of detaching film (e.g. Mylar);

    allow to harden (about 2 hours) and remove the detaching film.

    Fig. 2 Air bubbles in the Laminate Repair procedure Grind the surface with the air bubbles including a surrounding area of about 30mm using abrasive tools. Carefully clean the ground area and carry out the repair as follows: apply to the ground area, using a brush, a layer of catalysed

    resin followed by a layer of glass Mat type E of 300/450 g/m;

    impregnate the layer of Mat with resin and roll to eliminate any air present;

    apply a layer of glass Surfacing type C of 30 g/m impregnated with resin;

    with the resin still wet, apply to the repair a layer of detaching film (e.g. Mylar);

    allow to harden (about 2 hours) and remove the detaching film.

    Fig. 3 Foreign bodies in the Laminate Repair procedure

    Grind the area with the foreign bodies, including a surrounding area of about 30mm using abrasive tools. Carefully clean the ground area and carry out the repair as follows:

    apply to the ground area, using a brush, a layer of catalysed resin followed by a layer of glass Mat type E of 300/450 g/m impregnated with resin. Roll to eliminate any air present;

    with the resin still wet, apply to the repair a layer of detaching film (e.g. Mylar);

    allow to harden (about 2 hours) and remove the detaching film.

    In the event of heavy grinding (4-5 mm) the repair must be done in two phases.

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    Fig. 4 Delamination of the Stratification Repair procedure A repair of delamination of the stratification of limited dimensions (about 250mm in diameter) is carried out by injecting some catalysed resin under vacuum between the delaminated layers. Proceed as follows: make 2 holes opposite each other of 6-8 mm, as near as

    possible to the perimeter of the delamination; insert a vacuum tube into one hole and start to suck out the air inject catalysed resin into the other hole using a syringe until

    the delamination is completely filled; allow the resin to harden for about 2 hours.

    Fig. 5 Delamination due to mechanical work

    Repair procedure

    Remove the delaminated areas including a surrounding area of about 10mm using abrasive tools. Carefully clean the ground area and carry out the repair as follows:

    apply to the ground area, using a brush, a layer of catalysed resin followed by one or more layers of glass Mat type E of 300/450 g/m;

    impregnate the layer of Mat with resin and roll to eliminate any air present;

    apply a layer of glass Surfacing type C of 30 g/m impregnated with resin;

    with the resin still wet, apply to the repair a layer of detaching film (e.g. Mylar);

    allow to harden (about 2 hours) and remove the detaching film.

    Fig. 6 Glass fibres protruding (exterior) Repair procedure Remove the fibres protruding from the stratification, using abrasive tools. Carefully clean the ground area and where necessary apply a layer of gel-coat or paraffined resin (for exterior finishing).

    Fig. 7 Glass fibres protruding (interior) Repair procedure Remove the fibres protruding from the stratification, including a surrounding area of about 20mm using abrasive tools. Carefully clean the ground area and use a brush to apply a layer of paraffined resin (for internal finishing).

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    Fig. 8 Scorching (delamination) of the lamination of Flanged Attachments

    Repair procedure

    Remove the delaminated areas including a surrounding area of about 20mm using abrasive tools. Carefully clean the ground area and carry out the repair as follows: apply to the ground area, using a brush, a layer of catalysed

    resin followed by one or more layers of glass Mat type E of 300/450 g/m;

    impregnate the layer of Mat with resin and roll to eliminate any air present;

    allow to harden for about two hours. In the event of deep delamination (4-5mm) the repair must be done in two phases

    Fig. 9 Inadequately impregnated areas

    Repair procedure

    Grind the inadequately impregnated surface, including a surrounding area of about 50mm using abrasive tools. Carefully clean the ground area and carry out the repair as follows: apply to the ground area, using a brush, a layer of catalysed

    resin followed by one or more layers of glass Mat type E of 300/450 g/m;

    impregnate the layer of Mat with resin and roll to eliminate any air present;

    allow to harden for about two hours. In the event of deep delamination (4-5mm) the repair must be done in two phases.

    Fig. 10 Transverse Fractures Repair procedure

    The repair of transverse fractures is carried out in two distinct phases, i.e.: a repair of the Liner followed by the exterior.

    Grind the fractures in the Liner including a surrounding area of about 50mm using abrasive tools. Carefully clean the ground area and carry out the repair as follows: apply to the ground area, using a brush, a layer of catalysed resin

    followed by one or more layers of glass Mat type E of 300/450 g/m; impregnate the layer of Mat with resin and roll to eliminate any air

    present; apply a layer of glass Surfacing type C of 30 g/m impregnated with

    resin; with the resin still wet, apply to the repair a layer of detaching film (e.g.

    Mylar); allow to harden (about 2 hours) and remove the detaching film. Grind the fractures in the exterior layer as above, carefully clean the ground area and carry out the repair as above by applying layers of 450 g/m Mat to reach the thickness removed. Allow to harden for about 2 hours and clean the laminated areas with abrasive tools.

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    Fig. 11 Surface cracks (spiders web) Repair procedure

    Grind the area with the surface cracks, including a surrounding area of about 30mm using abrasive tools. Carefully clean the ground area and carry out the repair as follows:

    apply to the ground area, using a brush, a layer of catalysed resin followed by one or more layers of glass Mat type E of 300/450 g/m. Impregnate the layer of Mat with resin and roll to eliminate any air present;

    apply a layer of glass Surfacing type C of 30 g/m impregnated with resin;

    with the resin still wet, apply to the repair a layer of detaching film (e.g. Mylar);

    Allow to harden (about 2 hours) and remove the detaching film.

    In the event of deep delamination (4-5mm) the repair must be done in two phases.

    Fig. 12 Unprotected cut surfaces Repair procedure Sand down the cut and/or ground surfaces using abrasive paper. Carefully clean the sanded areas and use a brush to apply a layer of paraffined resin.

    Fig. 13 Surface irregularity Repair procedure Remove the surface irregularity - usually to be found on the outside of stratification - including a surrounding area of about 50mm using abrasive tools. Carefully clean the ground area and where necessary use a brush to apply a layer of paraffined resin (for external finishing).

    Fig. 14 Internal runs Repair procedure Remove the runs of resin from the inside of the stratification, including a surrounding area of about 20mm using abrasive tools. Carefully clean the ground area and use a brush to apply a layer of paraffined resin (for internal finishing).

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    Fig. 15 External runs Repair procedure Remove the runs of gel-coat from the outside of the stratification, including a surrounding area of about 20mm using abrasive tools. Carefully clean the ground area and use a brush (or a spray) to apply a layer of gel-coat (for external finishing).

    Fig. 16 Transverse Cracks Repair procedure

    The repair of transverse cracks is carried out in two distinct phases, i.e.: a repair of the Liner followed by the exterior.

    Grind the cracks in the Liner including a surrounding area of about 50mm using abrasive tools. Carefully clean the ground area and carry out the repair as follows: apply to the ground area, using a brush, a layer of catalysed

    resin followed by one or more layers of glass Mat type E of 300/450 g/m;

    impregnate the layer of Mat with resin and roll to eliminate any air present;

    apply a layer of glass Surfacing type C of 30 g/m impregnated with resin;

    with the resin still wet, apply to the repair a layer of detaching film (e.g. Mylar);

    allow to harden (about 2 hours) and remove the detaching film.

    Grind the cracks in the exterior layer as above, carefully clean the ground area and carry out the repair as above by applying layers of 450 g/m Mat to reach the thickness removed. Allow to harden for about 2 hours and clean the laminated areas with abrasive tools.

    6.2 TOLERANCE Selip products conform to that indicated in the EN 13920 norms as regards construction

    tolerance.

    In particular:

    Linear Tolerance according to classes D and B of EN 13920 Angular Tolerance according to class D of EN 13920

    See the following schematizations:

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    6.3 TEST EQUIPMENT AND INSTRUMENTS

    Instruments for testing must be tared and SIT certified

    Checks on the thickness of the tank must be carried out with ultrasound instruments

    tared immediately before the test on a representative sample of the type of laminate

    7. PREPARATION FOR SHIPPPING Fittings must be protected by flanged covers which avoid damaging the external face

    The tank must be fixed to the trailer by using cloth bands and blocked by wooden wedges to stop

    it from rolling or shifting

    THE USE OF STEEL CABLES AND CHAINS IS FORBIDDEN

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    8. TECHNICAL AND TEST- RUN DOCUMENTATION Technical and test-run documentation can be supplied in Italian, English or German and

    at the times and in the ways foreseen by the contract.

    LIST OF DOCUMENTS L E V 1

    L E V 2

    L E V 3

    STANDARD

    CONSTRUCTION DRAWING PRODUCED BY AUTOCAD, FEATURING : CONSTRUCTION DETAILS TABLE OF FITTINGS LIST OF MATERIALS DESIGN AND WORKING CONDITION INSTRUCTIONS FOR CONCRETE BASE

    X

    X

    X

    ON PAYMENT

    REPORT ON TANK CALCULATIONS WITH : INSPECTION OF THEORETICAL THICKNESSES CALCULATION OF TANK STABILITY UNDER CONDITIONS OF

    PRESSURE, UNDER-PRESSURE, EXTERNAL LOADS INSPECTION OF THE ANCHORAGE

    X

    ON REQUEST

    LOADS ON THE BASE IN THE FOLLOWING CONDITIONS : TANK IN USE WIND EARTHQUAKE

    X

    X

    ON REQUEST DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY X X

    ON REQUEST INSPECTION AND FINAL TEST-RUN PLAN / QIP SELIP X X

    ON REQUEST VISUAL / DIMENSIONAL TEST CERTIFICATE

    WORK CHECKS VISUAL INSPECTION DIMENSIONAL CHECK

    X

    X

    ON PAYMENT CERTIFICATE OF POLYMERIZATION / BARCOL TEST X

    ON REQUEST MATERIAL CERTIFICATES X X

    ON PAYMENT HYDRAULIC TEST CERTIFICATES X

    ON PAYMENT CALCINATION TEST CERTIFICATE (GLASS / RESIN RELATIONSHIP) X

    ON PAYMENT GASCHROMATOGRAPHY TEST CERTIFICATE (STYROL RESIDUE) X

    ON REQUEST RESULTS OF MECHANICAL TESTS ON SELIP LAMINATES X X

    ON REQUEST LAMINATOR / WELDER CERTIFICATES (TV OF MUNICH) X X

    ON REQUEST CERTIFICATION OF THE FACTORY (TV OF MUNICH) X X

    STANDARD

    USERS AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL,WITH THE FOLLOWING SUBJECTS : IDENTIFICATION DATA GENERAL INFORMATION TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS, TANK DENOMINATION,

    PRODUCTS CONTAINED TRANSPORT, UNLOADING, STORAGE, INSPECTION, MOVING INSTALLATION, CHECK ON BASE, CONNECTION TO EXTERNAL

    PIPES USE OF TANK, OPERATOR POSITION, GUARANTEES CLEANING AND MAINTENANCE, INTERNAL CHECKS, CLEANING

    OF WORK AREAS PERIODIC CHECKSI, GENERAL WARNINGS, ORDINARY

    MAINTENANCE, EXTRAORDINARY MAINTENANCE DISMANTLING AND DEMOLITION SPARES

    X X X

    ON PAYMENT OTHER TESTS / TEST-RUNS X

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    9. GARANTEES The manufacturer must guarantee that he has the necessary skills and give the

    commercial guarantees to supply the goods ordered, at least :

    9.1 TECHNICAL GUARANTEES (SKILLS) Quality system certificate for at least 10 years ; TV-certified production facilities ; TV-certified staff for the lamination of fittings ; The presence of an internal technical office. The Technical Director shall be a registered

    engineer ;

    The presence of an internal office for quality assurance and control ; An adequate department for customer assistance and service management ; The possibility of handling orders and correspondence in Italian, English, German, and

    French ;

    Plants which conform to the safety norms in force

    9.2 COMMERCIAL GUARANTEES

    The supplier must be classified with rating A according to the Basilea 2 regulations ; The minimum turnover of the supplier must be 7 million Euros ; The minimum net assets of the supplier must be equal to 1.5 million Euros ; The supplier must produce insurance policies with maximum coverage :

    Product Policy minimum 2,500,000 per mishap

    Civil Responsibility Policy minimum 3,000,000 per mishap

    Transport Policy minimum equal to the goods transported

    The Product Policies must guarantee the product for a minimum of 24 months from the date of delivery