FRONT

FRONT

Increasing value of individuals:• Renaissance• Protestant Reformation• Enlightenment• Political Revolutions

Decreasing power of nobility and religious authorities:• Protestant Reformation• Scientific Revolution• Enlightenment• Political Revolutions

: An increase in production brought about by the use of machines and characterized by the use of new energy sources.

Humans use natural resources & technological advancements to change how goods are produced

Global society is transformed by new

industrial, transportation, & communication technologies

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Popula

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Time

European Population• 1750 - 140 million• 1850 - 266 million

What do you think will happen if our population

grows faster than our food supply?

Thomas MalthusWrote Essay on the Principles of Population: He claimed that population will grow faster than food supply.

…and the life of man, poor, nasty, brutish, and short.

POINT OF CRISIS

• Fungus infected the country’s potato crop• One million died of starvation• Millions more migrate overseas to America

How will a gov’t that focuses on economics handle the potato famine?

ADAM SMITH

The British gov’t does nothing in response to the

famine.

• Increased food supply due to more efficient farming

• Large supply of natural resources

• Large supply of capital

• Markets to sell goods around the world

• Small-scale production done in the home

• Each product is individually made by a skilled craftsperson

• Slow, and labor intensive

New innovations and inventions change the way that goods are produced and how businesses function

Machines allowed one laborer to be more productive

Machines aid workers in producing goods

• Production increases as more goods are produced with less effort

Steam Engine• Invented by Hero of

Alexandria in 1st century CE

• Improved by James Watt to be more efficient (1782)

• Enabled mills to move away from rivers and toward urban centers

Chat with your elbow buddy and jot down some ways that the following inventions / innovations can impact society…

THE

TELEGRAPH

AND

TELEPHONE

CHEAPER, STRONGER STEEL

LIGHT BULB

: New technique to make iron and steel stronger and cheaper than before

Inexpensive steel results in the rapid expansion of construction projects, including railroads

Cheaper, faster, and easier transportation…

…allows businesses to access to new markets…

… allowing people to buy goods more cheaply.

Cheap, available steel allows engineers to build taller buildings• Cities expand upward, dramatically changing the urban environment.

Instead of having specialized workers moving to and from a stationary products, Ford had stationary workers and the product moved.

“I want to pay my workers so that they can afford my product!”

• The Ford Model T -the first car your avg. working class family can afford

• Mass production drove prices down

DOCUMENT E

“The Protectors of Our Industries.” by artist Bernhard Gillam. It appeared in Puck on February 7, 1883.

World being split into “industrialized” and “developing” countries•Lower standard of living in under-developed countries

• A Global Economy grows as industrialization make the worldwide transportation of goods across to globe easier• Industrial countries become globally dominant due to wealth

Industrial businessman and bourgeoisie

Qualified workers (doctors, lawyers, etc.)

Factory and agricultural workers

: An economic system where individuals or corporations make profits through large-scale production

: • Rewards hard work

and innovation

• Successful businesses thrive, unsuccessful ones die

• Limits gov’t interference in the economy

: • Businesses tend to

seek profits and not to better society• Pollution• Abuse of workers• Price Monopolies

• Creates divisions between wealthy and poor in society

Working conditions

• 12-16 hr workday

• No weekends (6-7 day work week)

• No minimum wage

• No unemployment benefits

• No job security (could be fired for anything including getting hurt on the job)

• Women paid much less than men

• Child labor was common

The problems caused by the Industrial Revolution caused many to look for solutions. While some believed the market would eventually fix the problems, others believed there should be a change in government.

– system in which society as a whole (rather than private individuals) owns the means of production (e.g. businesses).

: • Businesses are owned

and operated by the community, so they act for the common good of society

• Distributes wealth more evenly to ensure that needs are met

• Equal access to food, housing, education, and health care

: • Provides gov’t with

too much control over the economy (and people’s lives)

• Limits the ability for businesses, workers, ideas to compete in a free market

• Doesn’t motivate people to innovate or achieve

I’d rather go to college.

Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, The Communist Manifesto, 1848.

Hitherto every form of society has been based on the antagonism of oppressing and

oppressed classes. The modern laborer instead of rising with the progress of industry, sinks

deeper. He becomes a slave. Society can no longer live under the bourgeoisie. The

Communists openly declare that their ends can only be attained by the forcible overthrow

of all existing social conditions. Let the ruling class tremble at the Communistic revolution.

The workers have nothing to lose but their chains. They have a world to win Working men

of all countries, unite!

1. How does Marx describe the impact of the Industrial Revolution on the working class?

___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________

2. According to Marx, what is the solution to the problems faced by the working class?

___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________

Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels write the Communist Manifesto

: A form of socialism that sees class struggle between employers and employees as inevitable

(factory owners) vs. (working class)

•The bourgeoisie must exploit the proletariat in order to make a profit

•The proletariat should rise up, overthrow the bourgeoisie, and distribute all of the profits from society equally to everyone.

KARL MARX

3. How does this cartoon depict the relationship between the classes during the Industrial Revolution?

Marx called for an international struggle to bring down capitalism, which he hated. His slogan was “ ”

- Workers band together to demand better working conditions through collective bargaining

– organized work stoppage to pressure employers

Doc C: Reaction to the Reform Act Doc D: “A Leap in the Dark” by John Tenniel, Punch, August 3, 1867.

… The middle class element has

gained greatly by [The Reform

Act of 1867], and the

aristocratic element has lost

greatly…. I can venture to say

what no elected member of

Parliament, Conservative or

Liberal, can venture to say, that I

am exceedingly afraid of the

ignorant multitude of the new

constituencies….

aristocratic, adj, - characteristic of a group that is considered to be superior, as through education, ability, wealth, or social privilege.

constituencies, n, pl. – a group of voters or supporters that are represented by an elected officer.

The British government takes several steps to address conflict arising from the Industrial Revolution

BRITISH ELECTORAL REFORMS

in the colonies in 1832 (raises wages for workers in Britain).

• Reform Bill [1832] –for the cities.

(specifically child labor) with Factory Act (1833)

Document E: Women’s Rights in the Industrial Revolution By 1897, Susan B. Anthony had labored for over forty years, along with her dear friend, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, for the right of women to vote. She was a legend in her own time and was admired for her devotion to and perseverance in the cause of woman suffrage.

The close of this 19th century finds every trade, vocation, and profession open to

women, and every opportunity at their command for preparing themselves to follow these

occupations…. A vast amount of the household drudgery that once monopolized the whole

time and strength of the mother and daughters has been taken outside and turned over to

machinery in vast factories. A money value is placed upon the labor of women…. Woman is

no longer compelled to marry for support, but may herself make her own home and earn

her own financial independence.

Source: Susan B. Anthony, “The Status of Women, Past Present, and Future” Arena, May 1897.

5. According to Susan B. Anthony, how has the Industrial Revolution influenced the movement of women’s

rights?