© 2017 Nokia1 Confidential

Future of Accessfrom XG-COPPER to Future Remote

• Hungkei (Keith) Chow

• 29-MAR-2017

© 2017 Nokia2

Nokia Bell Labs XG-FAST record-setting technology

Delivering 10G over telephone lines

Bell Labs prototypeJuly 2014

2 Gbps @ 70m

10 Gbps @ 30m (2 pair TDD)

British TelecomOctober 2015

1.8 Gbps @ 100 m (1pair FDX)

5.6 Gbps @ 35m (1 pair FDX)

Deutsche TelekomFebruary 2016

10.4 Gbps @ 40m (2pair TDD)

XG-FAST FDXSingle user, single pair XG-FAST with Full Duplex

XG-FAST TDDSingle user, single pair XG-FAST with Time Division Duplexing

2014 speed records

G.Fast (106 MHz)

Confidential

© 2017 Nokia3

Nokia XG-CABLE (Full Duplex DOCSIS) timeline

Start of XG-Cable

project in Bell Labs

Jan 2014

CableLabs target for 1st

version of FDX DOCSIS 3.1

End 2017

First FDX demo

to MSOs

Dec 2014 – Jan 2015

announces FDX

DOCSIS 3.1 initiative

Feb 2016

Bell Labs publicly

demonstrates XG-Cable at

INTX

May 2016

Various

improvements on

algorithmic and

prototype design

Nokia completes

Gainspeed acquisition

Aug 2016

CableLabs starts FDX

DOCSIS 3.1 spec

effort

Sep 2016

Nokia joins

CableLabs

Jul 2016

Confidential

© 2017 Nokia4

Nokia Bell Labs XG-CABLE

World-first 10 Gbps symmetrical on HFC cable plant

100m coaxmodem

XG-CABLE

PoC

Fiber-to-the-Last-Tap (Point-to-Point coax drop)

10 Gbps

symmetrical

coax 7.5 Gbps

symmetrical

modemXG-CABLE

PoC

10.1 Gbps 8.0 Gbps

10.1 Gbps

7.5 Gbps

0

5

10

15

20

25

FTT-Last-Tap(p2p coax)

FTT-Last-Amplifier(p2mp coax)

Net

data

thro

ughput

[Gbps]

Downstream Upstream

Fiber-to-the-Last-Amplifier (Point-to-MultiPoint coax)

May 2016

Confidential

© 2017 Nokia5

Key Innovations

Nokia Bell Labs XG-CABLE Solution

• Combined analog and digital echo cancellation

• Removes the self-interference signal (echo) from transmitter into receiver

• Inspired by Bell Labs Vectoring algorithms (crosstalk cancellation)

Echo

Cancellation

• Combined echo cancellation and nonlinear distortion compensation

• Pre-compensates and post-compensates nonlinear distortion introduced

by the power amplifier and hybrid circuit

Distortion

Compensation

Interference

Management

• Combined MAC/PHY scheduling to mitigate inter-modem interference

• Enables coexistence with legacy modems

• Full-time full duplex and Aggregate full duplex concept offer performance and

complexity flexibility

Confidential

© 2017 Nokia6

Full Duplex operation will be limited to a specific frequency band

Current FDX DOCSIS Proposal

Upstream: Multiple 96 MHz-wide (max.) OFDM channels

Downstream: Multiple 192 MHz-wide (max.) OFDM channels

US

1218

f [MHz]

0 85-108 684

DS

300 492

DSDSDS

US US US

Legacy

Upstream

5-85 MHz

FDX DOCSIS 3.1 band

108-684 MHz

Legacy

Downstream

684-1218 MHz

US US US

• A FDX DOCSIS 3.1 cable modem will also be able to send and receive in legacy DOCSIS 3.1 outside FDX band

• A FDX DOCSIS 3.1 cable modem will be able to bond its traffic over the legacy and the FDX bands

Confidential

© 2017 Nokia7

Self-interference

Main challenges in full duplex transmissionCombining the Tx and Rx at

same frequency causes self-

interference (echo) signalTX

RX

ECHO

TX

RX

PA

EC H

Confidential

• Bell Labs Combined analog/digital echo cancellation achieves ~80dB cancellation depth over entire band

NL/noise

Tx signal

@ PA outputPower

For high channel losses,

the echo signal will

dominate

(plant/connector reflection

+ hybrid isolation)

Analog echo

ADC noise floorΣ will determine system

performance

Desired Rx signalEcho

Cancellation

© 2017 Nokia8

Nonlinear Distortion

Main challenges in full duplex transmission

Intermodulation

Frequency

3rd order IM product

5th order IM product

• To satisfy target DS fidelity level at low power consumption, PA operates at near compression region.

• Nonlinearities & memory effect harmonic distortion, spectral regrowth and intermodulation distortion

affect Tx and Rx performance

• Digital pre-distortion compensation technique improves Tx performance, but not the echo and Rx path

• Bell Labs combined EC/post-distortion compensation offers further SNR improvement of 10dB+

Power Amplifier

Transfer functionIdeal PA

Confidential

© 2017 Nokia9

Inter-modem interference

Main challenges in full duplex transmission

• In FDX, US signals can interfere with

DS signals on the shared network

• Strong US signal from one modem can

drown weak DS signal from another

Interference management

US

Full Duplex

node

DS

Modem 1 Modem 2

US interference

Confidential

© 2017 Nokia10

Power spectral densities throughout the N+0 cable plant

Target Rx PSD

for all modems

Node Tx PSD Modem Tx PSD

Modem Rx PSD

Power[dBmV/6MHz]

Frequency

Interference from cable modems at other taps

Full Duplex

Interference

© 2017 Nokia11

Interference from cable modems at other taps

Resulting Signal-to-Noise-and-Interference-Ratio (SNIR)

The interference varies over frequency, and needs to be measured

Bell Labs Orthogonal Sequence Sounding protocol offers better speed and accuracy

Confidential

© 2017 Nokia12

Resulting Signal-to-Noise-and-Interference-Ratio (SNIR)

IG 1 IG 2 IG 3

/…

IG 4

One example of interference grouping

Confidential

© 2017 Nokia13

What are we working on…

FDX DOCSIS Prototype Roadmap

• Expand upon Bell Labs Technology Demonstration

– Phase 1 (2017): Prototype development and demonstration

– Phase 2 (2018): Product one-port node development

Phase Capability What this enables?

XG-CABLE

Demo

Symmetric 8Gbps PHY demo over 1.2GHz Showcases echo cancellation enabling technology

and establishes Nokia as technology leader

Phase 1

FDX

DOCSIS

Prototype

• Demonstrate symmetric 1Gbps DOCSIS service

with FDX CCAP

• Showcases N+0 deployment with legacy

D3.0/D3.1 CPE (CM, STB) plus “special” FDX

CPE

• To test FDX capability in real network

environment

• Foundational work for delivering FDX product in

Phase 2

Nokia Confidential

© 2017 Nokia14

2017 Base Technology Development

FDX DOCSIS Prototype Plan

• 2017 Prototype functionality – “pre-standard” FDX

– Legacy services – Video, D3.0 (up to 32x8) and D3.1 (1x192 MHz DS)

– 1GHz top-end frequency

– 2x96 MHz FDX sub-bands under 650 MHz

– 2 FDX transmission groups (TG) with 1 FDX CPE per TG

• Static mapping of US and DS transmission frequency for each TG

• TG1 TX in lower 96 MHz FDX sub-band, RX in upper 96 MHz FDX sub-band

• TG2 RX in lower 96 MHz FDX sub-band, TX in upper 96 MHz FDX sub-band

• Node TX and RX in both 96MHz FDX sub-bands

– Demonstrate 1Gbps symmetric service over FDX CPE

Nokia Confidential

© 2017 Nokia15

The converged access solution for the Future X Network

Future of Access

ANY-media: xDSL, DOCSIS, cm/mmWave and low-band radio

ANY-split: Support various arch, e.g. remote-PHY, remote-MAC/PHY, remote-PHY+Scheduler, …

ANY-haul: Cable backhauling wireless Radio Head (RRH), mmW backhauling LTE-RRH, …

AUTO-managed: Self-organized with dynamic slicing across edge cloud to Remote

Confidential

Delivers fully programmable, software-defined 10G access for any deployment

LTE

ConfigLT

LT

LT

TOR

SD-OLT

SD-OLT

SD-OLT

Future Edge cloud

NetUnix

CU-DSL

CU-RAN

CU-Cable

TOR Cable

Config

Programmable &

reconfigurable

DSP Datapath

AFE

Future Remote

xDSL

Config

GP

CoreHW

Accel

XG-Cable

5G mmWave

XG-FASTAFE

AFE

AFELTE-advance

mmW

Config

© 2017 Nokia17

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